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  1. Article ; Online: Postoperative Decrease in Bone Marrow Lesion Associated With Better Clinical Outcomes Following Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy.

    Kim, Jun-Ho / Kim, Kang-Il / Song, Sang-Jun / Lee, Sang-Hak

    Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: To assess serial changes of preoperative bone marrow lesion (BML) following medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) up to 2 years and evaluate whether postoperative change of BML affected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 2 ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To assess serial changes of preoperative bone marrow lesion (BML) following medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) up to 2 years and evaluate whether postoperative change of BML affected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 2 years' follow-up. Factors related to the postoperative changes in BML also were evaluated.
    Methods: The current study retrospectively assessed prospectively collected data of consecutive patients between December 2016 and March 2018 who underwent MOWHTO for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with varus malalignment (≥5°) and a minimum 2-year follow-up. Serial magnetic resonance imaging scans at preoperative and postoperative 3, 6, 18, and 24 months were performed, and the extent of BML was evaluated consecutively using 2 validated methods. Clinically, preoperative and postoperative PROMs and their achievement of minimal clinically important difference values were evaluated. The associations of the extent of BMLs with PROMs at each follow-up period over time were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Furthermore, factors related to the postoperative changes of BML were assessed.
    Results: Of 26 patients, 21 (80.8%) had preoperative BML at medial femoral and tibial condyles. The postoperative decrease in BML was noted in 17 (81.0%) and 18 (85.7%) at medial femoral and tibial condyles. The BML decreased at postoperative 3 months and, thereafter, the extent of BML gradually reduced until postoperative 24 months. The proportion of patients achieved minimal clinically important difference was 84.6% for total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores and 80.8%, 76.9%, and 84.6% for KOOS symptom, pain, and activity of daily living subscales. Postoperative decrease in BML was significantly associated with better PROMs over postoperative 24 months. Furthermore, normo-correction (2°-5° valgus) was a significant factor for decreased BML following MOWHTO.
    Conclusions: Preoperative BML gradually decreased with time following MOWHTO, and the postoperative decrease in BML related with better PROMs over postoperative 24 months. Moreover, postoperative valgus alignment was a significant factor relating the postoperative decrease of BML.
    Level of evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632528-2
    ISSN 1526-3231 ; 0749-8063
    ISSN (online) 1526-3231
    ISSN 0749-8063
    DOI 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.01.032
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Implantable nanostructured MEA with biphasic current stimulator for retinal prostheses.

    Han, Seungju / Kim, Changhee / Kim, Kangil / Lee, Sangmin

    Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 1981–1995

    Abstract: Background: In retinal prosthetic systems on multi-channel microelectrodes to effectively stimulate retinal neurons, the electrode-electrolyte interface impedance of a microelectrode should be minimized to drive sufficiently large current at a given ... ...

    Abstract Background: In retinal prosthetic systems on multi-channel microelectrodes to effectively stimulate retinal neurons, the electrode-electrolyte interface impedance of a microelectrode should be minimized to drive sufficiently large current at a given supply voltage.
    Objective: This paper presents the fabrication of the nanostructured microelectrode array with simplified fabrication and its characteristic evaluation using biphasic current stimulator.
    Methods: The nanostructured microelectrodes with the base diameter of 25 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm are fabricated, and the maximum allowable current injection limits are measured to verify the estimated injection limit. Also, a biphasic stimulator has been fabricated using the 2-stage amplifier and 4 switches based on a stimulator cell. The adjustable load resistance is adopted to control between 5 kΩ to 20 kΩ, and the biphasic stimulator can drive the stimulation current between 50 uA and 200 uA.
    Results: The proposed electrode-electrolyte interface impedance of the fabricated nanostructured microelectrode is 3178 Ω, 1218 Ω and 798.8 Ω for electrodes with diameter of 25 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, respectively.
    Conclusion: This paper shows the advantages of the nanostructured microelectrode arrays for high resolution retinal prostheses, which could be a basic experiment for artificial retina research.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Visual Prosthesis ; Retina ; Microelectrodes ; Electric Impedance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1159961-3
    ISSN 1878-7401 ; 0928-7329
    ISSN (online) 1878-7401
    ISSN 0928-7329
    DOI 10.3233/THC-235001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Tackling the Challenges in Scene Graph Generation With Local-to-Global Interactions.

    Woo, Sangmin / Noh, Junhyug / Kim, Kangil

    IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 12, Page(s) 9713–9726

    Abstract: In this work, we seek new insights into the underlying challenges of the scene graph generation (SGG) task. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the visual genome (VG) dataset implies: 1) ambiguity: even if interobject relationship contains the same ... ...

    Abstract In this work, we seek new insights into the underlying challenges of the scene graph generation (SGG) task. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the visual genome (VG) dataset implies: 1) ambiguity: even if interobject relationship contains the same object (or predicate), they may not be visually or semantically similar; 2) asymmetry: despite the nature of the relationship that embodied the direction, it was not well addressed in previous studies; and 3) higher-order contexts: leveraging the identities of certain graph elements can help generate accurate scene graphs. Motivated by the analysis, we design a novel SGG framework, Local-to-global interaction networks (LOGINs). Locally, interactions extract the essence between three instances of subject, object, and background, while baking direction awareness into the network by explicitly constraining the input order of subject and object. Globally, interactions encode the contexts between every graph component (i.e., nodes and edges). Finally, Attract and Repel loss is utilized to fine-tune the distribution of predicate embeddings. By design, our framework enables predicting the scene graph in a bottom-up manner, leveraging the possible complementariness. To quantify how much LOGIN is aware of relational direction, a new diagnostic task called Bidirectional Relationship Classification (BRC) is also proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that LOGIN can successfully distinguish relational direction than existing methods (in BRC task), while showing state-of-the-art results on the VG benchmark (in SGG task).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2162-2388
    ISSN (online) 2162-2388
    DOI 10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3159990
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Comparison of Fixation Methods Between Transosseous Pull-Out Suture and Separate Vertical Wiring for Inferior Pole Fracture of Patella: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Kim, Kang-Il / Kim, Jun-Ho / Son, Gwankyu

    Journal of orthopaedic trauma

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) e63–e70

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bone Wires ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Knee Injuries/surgery ; Patella/surgery ; Sutures ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639099-7
    ISSN 1531-2291 ; 0890-5339
    ISSN (online) 1531-2291
    ISSN 0890-5339
    DOI 10.1097/BOT.0000000000002725
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online: Enhancing Accuracy and Robustness through Adversarial Training in Class Incremental Continual Learning

    Kwon, Minchan / Kim, Kangil

    2023  

    Abstract: In real life, adversarial attack to deep learning models is a fatal security issue. However, the issue has been rarely discussed in a widely used class-incremental continual learning (CICL). In this paper, we address problems of applying adversarial ... ...

    Abstract In real life, adversarial attack to deep learning models is a fatal security issue. However, the issue has been rarely discussed in a widely used class-incremental continual learning (CICL). In this paper, we address problems of applying adversarial training to CICL, which is well-known defense method against adversarial attack. A well-known problem of CICL is class-imbalance that biases a model to the current task by a few samples of previous tasks. Meeting with the adversarial training, the imbalance causes another imbalance of attack trials over tasks. Lacking clean data of a minority class by the class-imbalance and increasing of attack trials from a majority class by the secondary imbalance, adversarial training distorts optimal decision boundaries. The distortion eventually decreases both accuracy and robustness than adversarial training. To exclude the effects, we propose a straightforward but significantly effective method, External Adversarial Training (EAT) which can be applied to methods using experience replay. This method conduct adversarial training to an auxiliary external model for the current task data at each time step, and applies generated adversarial examples to train the target model. We verify the effects on a toy problem and show significance on CICL benchmarks of image classification. We expect that the results will be used as the first baseline for robustness research of CICL.

    Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-05-23
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: CFASL

    Jung, Hee-Jun / Jeong, Jaehyoung / Kim, Kangil

    Composite Factor-Aligned Symmetry Learning for Disentanglement in Variational AutoEncoder

    2024  

    Abstract: Symmetries of input and latent vectors have provided valuable insights for disentanglement learning in VAEs.However, only a few works were proposed as an unsupervised method, and even these works require known factor information in training data. We ... ...

    Abstract Symmetries of input and latent vectors have provided valuable insights for disentanglement learning in VAEs.However, only a few works were proposed as an unsupervised method, and even these works require known factor information in training data. We propose a novel method, Composite Factor-Aligned Symmetry Learning (CFASL), which is integrated into VAEs for learning symmetry-based disentanglement in unsupervised learning without any knowledge of the dataset factor information.CFASL incorporates three novel features for learning symmetry-based disentanglement: 1) Injecting inductive bias to align latent vector dimensions to factor-aligned symmetries within an explicit learnable symmetry codebook 2) Learning a composite symmetry to express unknown factors change between two random samples by learning factor-aligned symmetries within the codebook 3) Inducing group equivariant encoder and decoder in training VAEs with the two conditions. In addition, we propose an extended evaluation metric for multi-factor changes in comparison to disentanglement evaluation in VAEs. In quantitative and in-depth qualitative analysis, CFASL demonstrates a significant improvement of disentanglement in single-factor change, and multi-factor change conditions compared to state-of-the-art methods.

    Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: Asymptotic Midpoint Mixup for Margin Balancing and Moderate Broadening

    Kim, Hoyong / Lee, Semi / Kim, Kangil

    2024  

    Abstract: In the feature space, the collapse between features invokes critical problems in representation learning by remaining the features undistinguished. Interpolation-based augmentation methods such as mixup have shown their effectiveness in relieving the ... ...

    Abstract In the feature space, the collapse between features invokes critical problems in representation learning by remaining the features undistinguished. Interpolation-based augmentation methods such as mixup have shown their effectiveness in relieving the collapse problem between different classes, called inter-class collapse. However, intra-class collapse raised in coarse-to-fine transfer learning has not been discussed in the augmentation approach. To address them, we propose a better feature augmentation method, asymptotic midpoint mixup. The method generates augmented features by interpolation but gradually moves them toward the midpoint of inter-class feature pairs. As a result, the method induces two effects: 1) balancing the margin for all classes and 2) only moderately broadening the margin until it holds maximal confidence. We empirically analyze the collapse effects by measuring alignment and uniformity with visualizing representations. Then, we validate the intra-class collapse effects in coarse-to-fine transfer learning and the inter-class collapse effects in imbalanced learning on long-tailed datasets. In both tasks, our method shows better performance than other augmentation methods.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Clinical and MRI Outcomes of Repaired Peripheral Longitudinal Tears of the Posterior Horn of the Medial Meniscus With ACL Reconstruction: Results According to Tear Size.

    Kim, Seong Hwan / Min, Kyeonguk / Kim, Kang-Il / Lee, Sang Hak

    Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 23259671231167535

    Abstract: Background: Arthroscopic repair of longitudinal tears in the medial meniscal posterior horn (MMPH) has been reported to result in high rates of meniscal healing when performed alongside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, studies ... ...

    Abstract Background: Arthroscopic repair of longitudinal tears in the medial meniscal posterior horn (MMPH) has been reported to result in high rates of meniscal healing when performed alongside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, studies that have focused on longitudinal tears and their impact on clinical outcomes after arthroscopic repair are insufficient.
    Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcome and healing status after concomitant arthroscopic ACLR and repair of MMPH peripheral longitudinal tears, with respect to the tear length.
    Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
    Methods: A total of 263 patients who underwent concurrent arthroscopic suture repair of longitudinal tears of the MMPH and ACLR were enrolled. All patients had 2-year postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations, and 61% of patients underwent a second-look arthroscopy. The exclusion criteria were partial meniscectomies and multiligament injuries. Patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively for clinical scores, amount of anterior translation, grade of pivot shift, and presence of meniscal tear extension. According to the length of longitudinal tears, patients were classified into 2 groups: (1) patients with tears that were located in the posterior compartment and (2) patients with tears that extended to the midbody of the meniscus. Binary stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for unhealed menisci as identified by MRI.
    Results: A total of 83 patients were included in this study-52 patients (group 1) had MMPH tears without tear extension and 31 patients (group 2) had MMPH tears with tear extension. There were no differences in outcomes between the groups, including the healing rate after meniscal repair (
    Conclusion: Overall, the rate of complete healing of MMPH tears repaired concomitantly with ACLR was 80.7% (67/83), and midbody tear extension did not affect the healing rate of the repaired meniscus. Results indicate that suture repair for unstable MMPH tears should be considered regardless of tear size.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2706251-X
    ISSN 2325-9671
    ISSN 2325-9671
    DOI 10.1177/23259671231167535
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Intra-articular Injection of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells or Stromal Vascular Fractions: Are They Effective for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

    Kim, Kang-Il / Kim, Myung-Seo / Kim, Jun-Ho

    The American journal of sports medicine

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 837–848

    Abstract: Background: Intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stem cells, which are divided into adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (ADSVFs), has been reported to be a viable treatment modality for ... ...

    Abstract Background: Intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stem cells, which are divided into adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (ADSVFs), has been reported to be a viable treatment modality for knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, its efficacy remains limited.
    Purpose: This study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of autologous ASCs and ADSVFs without adjuvant treatment in patients with knee OA.
    Study design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1.
    Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of autologous ASCs or ADSVFs without adjuvant treatments compared with placebo or hyaluronic acid in patients with knee OA. Clinically, the 100-mm visual analog scale for pain relief and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for functional improvement were implemented. Radiologically, cartilage status was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Procedure-related knee pain, swelling, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated for safety. Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses comparing ASCs versus ADSVFs. Methodological quality was assessed using the modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS).
    Results: A total of 5 RCTs were included in this study. Based on the meta-analysis, ASCs or ADSVFs showed significantly better pain relief at 6 months (
    Conclusion: For patients with knee OA, intra-articular injection of autologous ASCs or ADSVFs without adjuvant treatment showed remarkable clinical efficacy and safety at short-term follow-up. Some degree of efficacy has been shown for cartilage regeneration in knee OA, although the evidence remains limited. Further RCTs that directly compare ASCs and ADSVFs are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/etiology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Treatment Outcome ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Pain/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197482-8
    ISSN 1552-3365 ; 0363-5465
    ISSN (online) 1552-3365
    ISSN 0363-5465
    DOI 10.1177/03635465211053893
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Risk factors for increased perioperative blood loss during total knee arthroplasty in patients with haemophilia.

    Kim, Myung-Seo / Kim, Jun-Ho / Kim, Kang-Il

    Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 491–496

    Abstract: Introduction: Currently, there is a paucity of literature describing the risk factors for increased perioperative blood loss (PBL) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in haemophilia. Furthermore, no studies have analysed coagulation factor levels that ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Currently, there is a paucity of literature describing the risk factors for increased perioperative blood loss (PBL) during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in haemophilia. Furthermore, no studies have analysed coagulation factor levels that affect PBL.
    Aim: To identify the risk factors for increased PBL by incorporating coagulation factor levels following TKA in patients with haemophilic arthropathy.
    Methods: A total of 92 TKA (78 haemophilia A and 14 haemophilia B) were performed for haemophilic arthropathy. PBL was calculated using the haemoglobin (Hb) balance method, and patients were categorised into two groups: group H (higher blood loss than the mean PBL, n = 36) and group L (lower blood loss than the mean PBL, n = 56). Body mass index (BMI), operation day Hb, haematocrit and coagulation factor level (VIII or IX) were analysed, including demographic and laboratory data.
    Results: The mean PBL volume during TKA for haemophilic arthropathy of the knee was 542.3 ± 361.7 mL. Multivariate analysis revealed that lower haematocrit on the operation day (odds ratio [OR], .633; 95% confidence interval [CI], .511-.786; p < .001) and coagulation factor level (OR .970, CI .941-.999; p = .046) were independent risk factors for increased PBL. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis identified these cutoff values for predicting increased PBL: operation day coagulation factor level 93.5% (sensitivity, 70.4%; specificity, 67.6%) and haematocrit level of 38.2% (sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 80.6%).
    Conclusions: The PBL increased as haematocrit and coagulation factor levels decreased on the operation day. A coagulation factor level <93.5% or haematocrit level of <38.2% may be a significant risk factor for increasing PBL.
    Level of evidence: Level IV, Case Series, Treatment Study.
    MeSH term(s) Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Hemophilia A/surgery ; Humans ; Joint Diseases/etiology ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Blood Coagulation Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1229713-6
    ISSN 1365-2516 ; 1351-8216 ; 1355-0691
    ISSN (online) 1365-2516
    ISSN 1351-8216 ; 1355-0691
    DOI 10.1111/hae.14523
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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