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  1. Article ; Online: Assessment of toxicological validity using tobacco emission condensates: A comparative analysis of emissions and condensates from 3R4F reference cigarettes and heated tobacco products.

    An, Young-Ji / Kim, Yong-Hyun

    Environment international

    2024  Volume 185, Page(s) 108502

    Abstract: The tobacco emission condensate, henceforth referred to as "tobacco condensate," plays a critical role in assessing the toxicity of tobacco products. This condensate, derived from tobacco emissions, provides an optimized liquid concentrate for storage ... ...

    Abstract The tobacco emission condensate, henceforth referred to as "tobacco condensate," plays a critical role in assessing the toxicity of tobacco products. This condensate, derived from tobacco emissions, provides an optimized liquid concentrate for storage and concentration control. Thus, the validation of its constituents is vital for toxicity assessments. This study used tobacco condensates from 3R4F cigarettes and three heated tobacco product (HTP) variants to quantify and contrast organic compounds (OCs) therein. The hazard index (HI) for tobacco emissions and condensates was determined to ascertain the assessment validity. The total particulate matter (TPM) for 3R4F registered at 17,667 μg cig
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols/analysis ; Particulate Matter/toxicity ; Particulate Matter/chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Smoke ; Tobacco Products/analysis
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Particulate Matter ; Smoke
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108502
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  2. Article ; Online: Measuring the quantity of harmful volatile organic compounds inhaled through masks.

    Ryu, Hajoo / Kim, Yong-Hyun

    Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

    2023  Volume 256, Page(s) 114915

    Abstract: An increase in the concentration of environmental particulate matter and the spread of the COVID-19 virus have dramatically increased our time spent wearing masks. If harmful chemicals are released from these masks, there may be harmful effects on human ... ...

    Abstract An increase in the concentration of environmental particulate matter and the spread of the COVID-19 virus have dramatically increased our time spent wearing masks. If harmful chemicals are released from these masks, there may be harmful effects on human health. In this study, the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from some commonly used masks was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively under diverse conditions (including different mask material types, time between opening the product and wearing, and mask temperature). In KF94 masks, 1-methoxy-2-propanol (221 ± 356 µg m
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis ; Masks ; COVID-19 ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Particulate Matter ; Environmental Monitoring
    Chemical Substances Volatile Organic Compounds ; Particulate Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 436536-7
    ISSN 1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
    ISSN (online) 1090-2414
    ISSN 0147-6513
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114915
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  3. Article ; Online: Development and validation of a method for preparing heated tobacco product aerosol condensate (HTPAC) for large-scale toxicity data acquisition.

    Kim, Yong-Hyun / Kim, Sung-Hwan

    Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

    2023  Volume 267, Page(s) 115621

    Abstract: A method of preparing heated tobacco product aerosol condensate (HTPAC) was developed to expedite HTP toxicity evaluation, and the effectiveness was assessed. To prepare HTPAC, HTP aerosol was generated and collected using a Cambridge filter (particulate ...

    Abstract A method of preparing heated tobacco product aerosol condensate (HTPAC) was developed to expedite HTP toxicity evaluation, and the effectiveness was assessed. To prepare HTPAC, HTP aerosol was generated and collected using a Cambridge filter (particulate phase) and Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS; gaseous phase). The aerosol collected on the Cambridge filter was extracted using methanol, which was thereafter removed by nitrogen purging. The HTP aerosol residue was mixed with DPBS loaded with the collected HTP vapor, ultimately yielding HTPAC. Nicotine and formaldehyde, key harmful compounds in HTP aerosol, were detected in HTPAC (901 ± 224 and 22.2 ± 3.90 µg stick
    MeSH term(s) Glycerol ; Nicotine ; Aerosols ; Formaldehyde ; Gases ; Propylene Glycol ; Tobacco Products
    Chemical Substances Glycerol (PDC6A3C0OX) ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R) ; Aerosols ; Formaldehyde (1HG84L3525) ; Gases ; Propylene Glycol (6DC9Q167V3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 436536-7
    ISSN 1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
    ISSN (online) 1090-2414
    ISSN 0147-6513
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115621
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  4. Article: Characterization of aerosols produced during shampoo use and harmful chemicals in shampoo aerosols

    Kim, Yong-Hyun / Lee, Kyuhong

    Environmental research. 2022 Mar., v. 204

    2022  

    Abstract: To declare a shampoo toxicologically safe, one should evaluate the hazards posed by the inhalation of aerosols produced during its use. Herein, tap water was sprayed into a shampoo-filled plastic container to investigate the formation of shampoo aerosols ...

    Abstract To declare a shampoo toxicologically safe, one should evaluate the hazards posed by the inhalation of aerosols produced during its use. Herein, tap water was sprayed into a shampoo-filled plastic container to investigate the formation of shampoo aerosols and the possibility of their inhalation. The aerosols thus obtained had higher mass concentrations (geometric mean = 5779 μg m⁻³ (PM₁₀) and 2249 μg m⁻³ (PM₂.₅)) than water aerosols (geometric mean = 927 μg m⁻³ (PM₁₀) and 476 μg m⁻³ (PM₂.₅)). In particular, shampoo aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm, which can penetrate the alveoli when inhaled, had the highest mass concentration (geometric mean = 2000 μg m⁻³). The volatile organic compounds contained in shampoo aerosols featured alcohol and ether groups attached to dodecane and tetradecane backbones; these compounds were generated by the thermal decomposition of surfactants (i.e., lauryl and laureth sulfates) during instrumental analysis. The acquired data suggest that inhalation exposure and chronic inhalation toxicity evaluations should be performed for various shampoo usage conditions to ensure inhalation safety.
    Keywords aerodynamics ; aerosols ; alcohols ; breathing ; inhalation exposure ; inhalation toxicity ; research ; tap water ; thermal degradation ; volatile organic compounds
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-03
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111957
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  5. Article: Effect of NaCl Pretreatment on the Relationship between the Color Characteristics and Taste of

    Kim, Yonghyun / Lee, Uk / Eo, Hyun Ji

    Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 18

    Abstract: ... Cirsium ... ...

    Abstract Cirsium setidens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704341-1
    ISSN 2223-7747
    ISSN 2223-7747
    DOI 10.3390/plants12183193
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  6. Article: Influence of Storage Temperature on Levels of Bioactive Compounds in Shiitake Mushrooms (

    Kim, Yonghyun / Lee, Uk / Eo, Hyun Ji

    Mycobiology

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 445–451

    Abstract: Shiitake mushroom ( ...

    Abstract Shiitake mushroom (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2631580-4
    ISSN 2092-9323 ; 1229-8093
    ISSN (online) 2092-9323
    ISSN 1229-8093
    DOI 10.1080/12298093.2023.2273028
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  7. Article ; Online: Characterization of aerosols produced during shampoo use and harmful chemicals in shampoo aerosols.

    Kim, Yong-Hyun / Lee, Kyuhong

    Environmental research

    2021  Volume 204, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 111957

    Abstract: To declare a shampoo toxicologically safe, one should evaluate the hazards posed by the inhalation of aerosols produced during its use. Herein, tap water was sprayed into a shampoo-filled plastic container to investigate the formation of shampoo aerosols ...

    Abstract To declare a shampoo toxicologically safe, one should evaluate the hazards posed by the inhalation of aerosols produced during its use. Herein, tap water was sprayed into a shampoo-filled plastic container to investigate the formation of shampoo aerosols and the possibility of their inhalation. The aerosols thus obtained had higher mass concentrations (geometric mean = 5779 μg m
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Inhalation Exposure ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Sulfates ; Volatile Organic Compounds
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Sulfates ; Volatile Organic Compounds
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111957
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  8. Article ; Online: Relationship between reduction in rice (Nipponbare) leaf blade size under elevated CO

    Kim, Yonghyun / Takahashi, Sumire / Miyao, Mitsue

    Plant signaling & behavior

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 2041280

    Abstract: ... Elevated ... ...

    Abstract Elevated CO
    MeSH term(s) Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Oryza/genetics ; Oryza/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1559-2324
    ISSN (online) 1559-2324
    DOI 10.1080/15592324.2022.2041280
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  9. Article ; Online: Biomanufacturing of glioblastoma organoids exhibiting hierarchical and spatially organized tumor microenvironment via transdifferentiation.

    Park, Seungjo / Avera, Alexandra D / Kim, Yonghyun

    Biotechnology and bioengineering

    2022  Volume 119, Issue 11, Page(s) 3252–3274

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor that originates from glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In the brain, GSCs are supported by a tumor microenvironment (TME) residing in the perivascular niche and the hypoxic niche. The GBM TME is ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor that originates from glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In the brain, GSCs are supported by a tumor microenvironment (TME) residing in the perivascular niche and the hypoxic niche. The GBM TME is highly heterogenous and exhibits complex cell-to-cell interactions. Three-dimensional tumorspheres cultured in stem cell-enriching media is often used as an in vitro model. The GBM tumorspheres retain some of the transcriptional and translational GSC features but often fails to recapitulate intertumor heterogeneity. Here, we developed a simple, matrix-free, and in vivo-like GBM organoids (GBOs) using patient-derived xenograft GBM lines in small-scale bioreactors. Shear stress was optimized to produce highly reproducible GBOs over 1 mm diameter within 4-5 weeks. GBOs exhibited high stemness and strong cell-to-cell interactions compared to conventional tumorsphere cultures. They displayed spatial gradients of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α positive hypoxic cores where CD133-positive cells resided and spatially heterogeneous expression of NOTCH and its ligands. We also observed a self-established, hierarchically organized, and heterogeneous TME by GBM transdifferentiation into endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. Collectively, we demonstrate the ability to biomanufacture uniformly sized GBOs that recapitulate in vivo GBM TME features that can serve as an improved GBM in vitro model.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Glioblastoma/metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Organoids/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280318-5
    ISSN 1097-0290 ; 0006-3592
    ISSN (online) 1097-0290
    ISSN 0006-3592
    DOI 10.1002/bit.28191
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  10. Article ; Online: Relationship between reduction in rice (Nipponbare) leaf blade size under elevated CO₂ and miR396–GRF module

    Kim, Yonghyun / Takahashi, Sumire / Miyao, Mitsue

    Plant Signaling & Behavior. 2022 Dec. 31, v. 17, no. 1 p.2041280-

    2022  

    Abstract: Elevated CO₂ (eCO₂; 1000 ppm) influences developing rice leaf formation, reducing leaf blade length and width as compared to rice grown under ambient CO₂ (aCO₂; 400 ppm). Since micro RNAs (miRNAs) are known to play multiple roles in plant development, we ...

    Abstract Elevated CO₂ (eCO₂; 1000 ppm) influences developing rice leaf formation, reducing leaf blade length and width as compared to rice grown under ambient CO₂ (aCO₂; 400 ppm). Since micro RNAs (miRNAs) are known to play multiple roles in plant development, we hypothesized that miRNAs might be involved in modulating leaf size under eCO₂ conditions. To identify miRNAs responding to eCO₂, we profiled miRNA levels in developing rice leaves (P4; plastochron number of the fourth-youngest leaf) under eCO₂ using small RNA-seq. We detected 18 mature miRNA sequences for which expression levels varied more than two-fold between the eCO₂ and aCO₂ conditions. Among them, only miR396e and miR396f significantly differed between the two conditions. Additionally, the expression of growth-regulating factors (GRFs), potential target mRNA of miR396s, were repressed under the eCO₂ condition. We used an antisense oligonucleotide approach to confirm that single-strand DNA corresponding to the miR396e sequence effectively downregulated GRF expression in developing leaves, reducing the leaf blade length, such as for rice grown under eCO₂. These results suggest that the miR396–GRF module is crucially relevant to controlling rice leaf blade length in eCO₂ environments.
    Keywords DNA ; behavior ; carbon dioxide ; leaf area ; leaf blade ; microRNA ; oligonucleotides ; plant development ; rice ; sequence analysis ; Elevated CO2 ; rice leaf size ; miR396 ; growth regulating factor ; antisense oligonucleotide
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1231
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1559-2324
    DOI 10.1080/15592324.2022.2041280
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