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Article: Exploring the divergence in perspectives on clinical trial operations in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of a trial site and sponsors.

Kim, Young-Sang / Kim, Anhye / Lee, Yil-Seob

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1342184

Abstract: Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, novel clinical trial methods known as decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) were rapidly introduced. The attitude toward operating clinical trials and perspectives on DCTs may differ between clinical trial ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, novel clinical trial methods known as decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) were rapidly introduced. The attitude toward operating clinical trials and perspectives on DCTs may differ between clinical trial sites and sponsors. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical trials was investigated for a society of sponsors and a trial site in South Korea. Methods: The current difficulties and future perspectives on clinical trials were assessed and compared between the site and sponsors. Results: Both the site and sponsors reported on their experiences with the challenges of conducting clinical trials during the pandemic era. While 64% of personnel from the site judged that the difficulties were solved by their own solutions, 67.6% of personnel from sponsors considered cooperation with trial sites as a key solution to overcome the difficulties. While half of the personnel from the site were skeptical of the changes in trial operation methods, the sponsors expected the institutionalization of DCT elements. Conclusion: In conclusion, with varying attitudes, sponsors and sites attempted to overcome the challenges of conducting clinical trials during the pandemic era. To conduct clinical trials effectively, both sponsors and sites must work closely together to find solutions with efficient communication. For the successful implementation of new tools such as DCTs, the government needs to solicit support from sponsors and sites and change regulations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2024.1342184
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Osteoporotic Fractures in Women.

Kang, Su Jeong / Kim, Moon Jong / Hur, Yang-Im / Haam, Ji-Hee / Kim, Young-Sang

Korean journal of family medicine

2024

Abstract: Background: Predicting the risk of osteoporotic fractures is vital for prevention. Traditional methods such as the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) model use clinical factors. This study examined the predictive power of the FRAX score and machine- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Predicting the risk of osteoporotic fractures is vital for prevention. Traditional methods such as the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) model use clinical factors. This study examined the predictive power of the FRAX score and machine-learning algorithms trained on FRAX parameters. Methods: We analyzed the data of 2,147 female participants from the Ansan cohort study. The FRAX parameters employed in this study included age, sex (female), height and weight, current smoking status, excessive alcohol consumption (>3 units/d of alcohol), and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporotic fracture was defined as one or more fractures of the hip, spine, or wrist during a 10-year observation period. Machine-learning algorithms, such as gradient boosting, random forest, decision tree, and logistic regression, were employed to predict osteoporotic fractures with a 70:30 training-to-test set ratio. We evaluated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) scores to assess and compare the performance of these algorithms with the FRAX score. Results: Of the 2,147 participants, 3.5% experienced osteoporotic fractures. Those with fractures were older, shorter in height, and had a higher prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as higher FRAX scores. The AUROC for the FRAX was 0.617. The machine-learning algorithms showed AUROC values of 0.662, 0.652, 0.648, and 0.637 for gradient boosting, logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest, respectively. Conclusion: This study highlighted the immense potential of machine-learning algorithms to improve osteoporotic fracture risk prediction in women when complete FRAX parameter information is unavailable.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2674300-0
ISSN	2092-6715 ; 2005-6443
ISSN (online)	2092-6715
ISSN	2005-6443
DOI	10.4082/kjfm.23.0186
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Article ; Online: Decreased natural killer cell activity as a potential predictor of hypertensive incidence.

Lee, Yun-Kyong / Suh, Eunkyung / Oh, Hyoju / Haam, Ji-Hee / Kim, Young-Sang

Frontiers in immunology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1376421

Abstract: Introduction: Blood pressure is closely linked with immune function. This study examined the association between natural killer (NK) cell activity (NKA) and blood pressure and the development of hypertension according to NKA levels.: Methods: This ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Blood pressure is closely linked with immune function. This study examined the association between natural killer (NK) cell activity (NKA) and blood pressure and the development of hypertension according to NKA levels. Methods: This study enrolled 1543 adults who underwent NKA measurement and serial health check-ups at a medical center in Korea. NKA was estimated as the concentration of IFN-γ in the incubated whole blood containing a patented stimulatory cytokine. The participants were categorized into quartiles according to their NKA levels. Participants without hypertension were followed up, and the development of hypertension was compared according to the quartiles. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was not different among the NKA quartiles, whereas blood pressures significantly decreased, followed by an increment of quartiles (systolic blood pressure of 119.0 in Q1 and 117.0 in Q4, P-trend = 0.018). Over a mean follow-up period of 2.13 years, hypertension developed in 156 of 1170 individuals without baseline hypertension. The hazard ratio of Q4 compared with Q1 was 0.625 (95% CI: 0.397-0.983; p = 0.042). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate a correlation between lower NKA and higher blood pressure and the development of incident hypertension. This may suggest a potential protective role of NK cells against endothelial dysfunction. Further research is necessary to elucidate the specific relationship between immune functions and endothelial function.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Male ; Female ; Hypertension/immunology ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Incidence ; Adult ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Blood Pressure ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/blood ; Aged
Chemical Substances	Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376421
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Experimental and numerical studies on the performance of horizontal U-type and spiral-coil-type ground heat exchangers considering economic aspects

Dinh, Ba Huu / Kim, Young-Sang / Yoon, Seok

Renewable energy. 2022 Mar., v. 186

2022

Abstract: The benefits of the use of horizontal U-type and spiral-coil-type ground heat exchangers (GHE) were investigated and compared based on heat transfer performance and economic analysis. The feasibility of a novel backfill material (controlled low-strength ... ...

Abstract	The benefits of the use of horizontal U-type and spiral-coil-type ground heat exchangers (GHE) were investigated and compared based on heat transfer performance and economic analysis. The feasibility of a novel backfill material (controlled low-strength material) for a horizontal ground heat exchanger was also assessed. A numerical analysis model was developed to simulate the heat transfer in a horizontal ground source heat exchanger and calculate the annual heat exchange using 100 case studies with different GHE types, backfill materials, fluid velocities, and installation depths. A thermal response test was conducted using a spiral-coil GHE backfilled with sand and a controlled low-strength material to validate the numerical model. The economic feasibility of each case was investigated using analytical tools including the annual heat exchange, payback period, and internal rate of return. The results indicate that, although a spiral-coil-type GHE has 30% higher total initial installation costs, its high annual heat exchange (twice that of U-type) results in a shorter payback period (12.7 years compared with 8.4 years for U-type) and a higher internal rate of return (12.0% compared with 6.9% for U-type). The use of a controlled low-strength material leads to a slight increase in the initial investment; however, as expected, its high heat exchange capacity shows better long-term economic performance than a ground heat exchanger backfilled with normal soil.
Keywords	economic feasibility ; economic performance ; heat exchangers ; heat transfer ; mathematical models ; renewable energy sources ; sand ; soil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Size	p. 505-516.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001449-1
ISSN	1879-0682 ; 0960-1481
ISSN (online)	1879-0682
ISSN	0960-1481
DOI	10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Techno-economic analysis of high-power solid oxide electrolysis cell system

Bui, Tuananh / Lee, Dongkeun / Ahn, Kook Young / Kim, Young Sang

Energy Conversion and Management. 2023 Feb., v. 278 p.116704-

2023

Abstract: Water electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising method for hydrogen production because it is highly efficient, clean, and scalable. Recently, a lot of researches focusing on development of high-power stack system have been ... ...

Abstract	Water electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising method for hydrogen production because it is highly efficient, clean, and scalable. Recently, a lot of researches focusing on development of high-power stack system have been introduced. However, there are very few studies of economic analysis for this promising system. Consequently, this study proposed 20-kW-scale high-power solid oxide electrolysis cells system configurations, then conducted economic analysis. Especially, the economic context was in South Korea. For comparison, a low-power system with similar design was used as a reference; the levelized cost of hydrogen of each system was calculated based on the revenue requirement method. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify how the economic variables affect the hydrogen production cost in a specific context. The results show that a high-power system is superior to a low-power system from an economic perspective. The stack cost is the dominant component of the capital cost, but the electricity cost is the factor that contributes the most to the hydrogen cost. In the first case study, it was found that, if a high-power system can be installed inside a nuclear power plant, the cost of hydrogen produced can reach $3.65/kg when the electricity cost is 3.28¢/kWh and the stack cost is assumed to be $574/kW. The second case study indicated that the hydrogen cost can decrease by 24% if the system is scaled up to a 2-MW scale.
Keywords	administrative management ; capital costs ; case studies ; electricity costs ; electrolysis ; energy conversion ; hydrogen ; hydrogen production ; income ; nuclear power ; power plants ; South Korea ; Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) ; High-power SOEC ; Economic analysis ; Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH)
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2000891-0
ISSN	0196-8904
ISSN	0196-8904
DOI	10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116704
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Seaweeds and Their Natural Products for Preventing Cardiovascular Associated Dysfunction

Ryu, Bomi / Kim, Young-Sang / Jeon, You-Jin

Marine drugs. 2021 Sept. 07, v. 19, no. 9

2021

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality rates and accounts for one-third of deaths worldwide. Accordingly, as dietary changes in daily life are thought to greatly reduce the prevalence of CVD, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the potential use of foods and their bioactive components for preventing and treating CVD. In particular, seaweeds contain unique bioactive metabolites that are not found in terrestrial plants because of the harsh environment in which they survive, leading to in vitro and in vivo studies of their prevention and treatment effects. This review summarizes studies that focused on the beneficial effects of seaweeds and their natural products targeting markers involved in a cascade of mechanisms related to CVD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential of seaweeds and their natural products for preventing and treating CVD based on in vivo and in vitro studies. This review provides a basis for future research in the field of marine drugs.
Keywords	cardiovascular diseases ; endothelial cells ; hyperlipidemia ; metabolites ; mortality ; oxidative stress ; pathogenesis ; renin-angiotensin system
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0907
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2175190-0
ISSN	1660-3397
ISSN	1660-3397
DOI	10.3390/md19090507
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Cross-Sectional and Time-Dependent Analyses on Inflammatory Markers following Natural Killer Cell Activity.

Lee, Yun-Kyong / Haam, Ji-Hee / Cho, Sung-Hoon / Kim, Young-Sang

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 2

Abstract: The function of natural killer (NK) cells in inflammation has not been explored enough in large-scale population studies. The cross-sectional and time-dependent relationship between NK cell activity (NKA) and inflammatory markers was examined.: Methods! ...

Abstract	The function of natural killer (NK) cells in inflammation has not been explored enough in large-scale population studies. The cross-sectional and time-dependent relationship between NK cell activity (NKA) and inflammatory markers was examined. Methods: A total of 7031 subjects were involved in the cross-sectional analyses. Non-linear relationship between NKA and inflammatory indices was analyzed using generalized additive models. The time-dependent changes were analyzed in 1005 subjects with repeated measurement in 3-6 months. The changes in inflammatory markers were analyzed based on the changes in NKA. Results: As NKA reduces to a very low level, the white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts increase sharply, and the lymphocyte count exhibits a slow decline. With increasing NKA larger than about 500 pg/mL, WBC and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reduces in a mild slope. Among the subjects with repeated measurements, the follow-up NKA was increased with advancing baseline NKA levels. The subjects with a reduction in NKA indicated increment in WBC count, neutrophil count, and NLR, and decrease in lymphocyte count. Conclusions: Very low levels of NKA suggest a high inflammatory immune response. The changes in NKA may interact with the balance between neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12020448
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Characteristics of Urine Organic Acid Metabolites in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Assessed Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Elastography in Korean Adults.

Haam, Ji-Hee / Lee, Yun Kyong / Suh, Eunkyung / Kim, Young-Sang

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: The liver is an essential organ that manufactures energy through various metabolic pathways; thus, exploring the intermediate metabolites in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may help discover novel parameters in hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. The ...

Abstract	The liver is an essential organ that manufactures energy through various metabolic pathways; thus, exploring the intermediate metabolites in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may help discover novel parameters in hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the traits of urine organic acid metabolites in participants with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic Korean adults. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, in 68 men and 65 women, were evaluated using quantification by proton density fat fraction with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR elastography, respectively. Urine metabolites were obtained using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The candidate metabolites were included in the logistic regression models for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The association between high p-hydroxyphenyllactate levels and hepatic steatosis was not independent of body mass index and Homeostatic Model Assessment-insulin resistance. High ethylmalonate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and sulfate levels were significantly related to a low probability of hepatic fibrosis, independent of covariates. In conclusion, urine metabolites were not related to hepatic steatosis independent of obesity and insulin resistance, while several metabolites were specifically associated with hepatic fibrosis. Further study is required to verify the diagnostic value of the metabolites in a population with wide-spectrum NAFLD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12051199
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Article ; Online: Investigation of Physical Characteristics and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fucoidan from

Lee, Hyo-Geun / Liyanage, N M / Yang, Fengqi / Kim, Young-Sang / Lee, Seung-Hong / Ko, Seok-Chun / Yang, Hye-Won / Jeon, You-Jin

Marine drugs

2024 Volume 22, Issue 3

Abstract: A biocompatible, heterogeneous, fucose-rich, sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) is biosynthesized in brown seaweed. In this study, fucoidan was isolated ... ...

Abstract	A biocompatible, heterogeneous, fucose-rich, sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) is biosynthesized in brown seaweed. In this study, fucoidan was isolated from
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Zebrafish ; Polysaccharides ; Inflammation ; Phaeophyceae ; Nitric Oxide
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides ; fucoidan (9072-19-9) ; Polysaccharides ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175190-0
ISSN	1660-3397 ; 1660-3397
ISSN (online)	1660-3397
ISSN	1660-3397
DOI	10.3390/md22030109
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Article ; Online: Seaweeds and Their Natural Products for Preventing Cardiovascular Associated Dysfunction.

Ryu, Bomi / Kim, Young-Sang / Jeon, You-Jin

Marine drugs

2021 Volume 19, Issue 9

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality rates and accounts for one-third of deaths worldwide. Accordingly, as dietary changes in daily life are thought to greatly reduce the prevalence of CVD, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the potential use of foods and their bioactive components for preventing and treating CVD. In particular, seaweeds contain unique bioactive metabolites that are not found in terrestrial plants because of the harsh environment in which they survive, leading to in vitro and in vivo studies of their prevention and treatment effects. This review summarizes studies that focused on the beneficial effects of seaweeds and their natural products targeting markers involved in a cascade of mechanisms related to CVD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential of seaweeds and their natural products for preventing and treating CVD based on in vivo and in vitro studies. This review provides a basis for future research in the field of marine drugs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Biological Products ; Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Seaweed
Chemical Substances	Biological Products ; Hypolipidemic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175190-0
ISSN	1660-3397 ; 1660-3397
ISSN (online)	1660-3397
ISSN	1660-3397
DOI	10.3390/md19090507
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