Article ; Online: Association between the CLOCK gene 3111 T > C polymorphism and an irregular menstrual cycle in Korean adolescents.
Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology
2015 Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 148–154
Abstract: The menstrual cycle is an example of a human infradian rhythm, but an altered sleep-wake cycle or a disrupted circadian rhythm can change the regularity of the menstrual cycle. In this study, we investigated whether an irregular menstrual cycle is ... ...
| Abstract | The menstrual cycle is an example of a human infradian rhythm, but an altered sleep-wake cycle or a disrupted circadian rhythm can change the regularity of the menstrual cycle. In this study, we investigated whether an irregular menstrual cycle is associated with polymorphisms in the CLOCK (3111T > C) and/or PER3 (variable number tandem repeat, VNTR) genes, which are known to have an impact on the circadian rhythm. One hundred ninety-seven postmenarchal, adolescent girls from two girls' high schools in Seoul, Korea, were studied. All participants were requested to complete the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess the emotional distress that might cause menstrual irregularity. Every participant donated a blood sample from which DNA was extracted and genotyped for the CLOCK 3111T > C and PER3 VNTR polymorphisms. A significant association was found between the CLOCK 3111T > C genotype and irregular menstrual cycles. Subjects with the 3111T > C genotype had a high risk of an irregular menstrual cycle compared with 3111T/T homozygous subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-6.55). When multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for age, PSS, STAI, BDI and BMI, subjects with the 3111T > C polymorphism showed a significantly increased OR for irregular menstrual cycles (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.32-7.21). There was no significant association between the PER3 VNTR polymorphism and the irregularity of the menstrual cycle (p > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the CLOCK 3111T > C polymorphism could be an independent risk factor for irregular menstrual cycles, irrespective of psychological distress and endocrine or metabolic conditions, and could be used as a molecular marker for gynecological studies on this aspect. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adolescent ; Affective Symptoms/diagnosis ; Affective Symptoms/physiopathology ; CLOCK Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle/genetics ; Menstrual Cycle/psychology ; Menstruation Disturbances/genetics ; Menstruation Disturbances/psychology ; Period Circadian Proteins/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Republic of Korea |
| Chemical Substances | PER3 protein, human ; Period Circadian Proteins ; CLOCK Proteins (EC 2.3.1.48) ; CLOCK protein, human (EC 2.3.1.48) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2015 |
| Publishing country | England |
| Document type | Journal Article |
| ZDB-ID | 604816-x |
| ISSN | 1743-8942 ; 0167-482X |
| ISSN (online) | 1743-8942 |
| ISSN | 0167-482X |
| DOI | 10.3109/0167482X.2015.1089229 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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