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  1. Article ; Online: Continent-wide effects of urbanization on bird and mammal genetic diversity.

    Schmidt, C / Domaratzki, M / Kinnunen, R P / Bowman, J / Garroway, C J

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2020  Volume 287, Issue 1920, Page(s) 20192497

    Abstract: Urbanization and associated environmental changes are causing global declines in vertebrate populations. In general, population declines of the magnitudes now detected should lead to reduced effective population sizes for animals living in proximity to ... ...

    Abstract Urbanization and associated environmental changes are causing global declines in vertebrate populations. In general, population declines of the magnitudes now detected should lead to reduced effective population sizes for animals living in proximity to humans and disturbed lands. This is a cause for concern because effective population sizes set the rate of genetic diversity loss due to genetic drift, the rate of increase in inbreeding and the efficiency with which selection can act on beneficial alleles. We predicted that the effects of urbanization should decrease effective population size and genetic diversity, and increase population-level genetic differentiation. To test for such patterns, we repurposed and reanalysed publicly archived genetic datasets for North American birds and mammals. After filtering, we had usable raw genotype data from 85 studies and 41 023 individuals, sampled from 1008 locations spanning 41 mammal and 25 bird species. We used census-based urban-rural designations, human population density and the Human Footprint Index as measures of urbanization and habitat disturbance. As predicted, mammals sampled in more disturbed environments had lower effective population sizes and genetic diversity, and were more genetically differentiated from those in more natural environments. There were no consistent relationships detectable for birds. This suggests that, in general, mammal populations living near humans may have less capacity to respond adaptively to further environmental changes, and be more likely to suffer from effects of inbreeding.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biodiversity ; Birds/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Mammals/genetics ; Urbanization/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2019.2497
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1364: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Virtual Reality Glasses and "Eye-Hands Blind Technique" for Microsurgical Training in Neurosurgery.

    Choque-Velasquez, Joham / Colasanti, Roberto / Collan, Juhani / Kinnunen, Riina / Rezai Jahromi, Behnam / Hernesniemi, Juha

    World neurosurgery

    2018  Volume 112, Page(s) 126–130

    Abstract: Objective: Microsurgical skills and eye-hand coordination need continuous training to be developed and refined. However, well-equipped microsurgical laboratories are not so widespread as their setup is expensive. Herein, we present a novel microsurgical ...

    Abstract Objective: Microsurgical skills and eye-hand coordination need continuous training to be developed and refined. However, well-equipped microsurgical laboratories are not so widespread as their setup is expensive. Herein, we present a novel microsurgical training system that requires a high-resolution personal computer screen, smartphones, and virtual reality glasses.
    Methods: A smartphone placed on a holder at a height of about 15-20 cm from the surgical target field is used as the webcam of the computer. A specific software is used to duplicate the video camera image. The video may be transferred from the computer to another smartphone, which may be connected to virtual reality glasses.
    Results: Using the previously described training model, we progressively performed more and more complex microsurgical exercises. It did not take long to set up our system, thus saving time for the training sessions.
    Conclusion: Our proposed training model may represent an affordable and efficient system to improve eye-hand coordination and dexterity in using not only the operating microscope but also endoscopes and exoscopes.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Microsurgery/education ; Microsurgery/methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures/education ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods ; Smartphone ; User-Computer Interface ; Virtual Reality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.067
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1159: Show issues Location:
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  3. Book: A model of a double standard exchange rate system

    Kinnunen, Riku

    (Liverpool research papers in economics, finance and accounting ; 0305)

    2003  

    Author's details by Riku Kinnunen
    Series title Liverpool research papers in economics, finance and accounting ; 0305
    Keywords 24#34#60#81
    Language English
    Size 10 S
    Publisher Dep. of Economics and Accounting, School of Management, Univ. of Liverpool
    Publishing place Liverpool
    Document type Book
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  4. Book: Currency crises and interest-rate defence in an emerging market economy

    Kinnunen, Riku

    (Liverpool research papers in economics, finance and accounting ; 0108)

    2001  

    Author's details by Riku Kinnunen
    Series title Liverpool research papers in economics, finance and accounting ; 0108
    Keywords Währungskrise ; Einlagengeschäft ; Zins ; Schwellenländer ; Theorie
    Language English
    Size 13 S
    Publisher Dep. of Economics and Accounting, Univ. of Liverpool
    Publishing place Liverpool
    Document type Book
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  5. Book: Self-fulfilling currency crises and corporate bankruptcies

    Kinnunen, Riku

    (Liverpool research papers in economics, finance and accounting ; 0109)

    2001  

    Author's details by Riku Kinnunen
    Series title Liverpool research papers in economics, finance and accounting ; 0109
    Keywords Währungskrise ; Abwertung ; Tobinsteuer ; Theorie
    Language English
    Size 16 S, graph. Darst
    Publisher Dep. of Economics and Accounting, Univ. of Liverpool
    Publishing place Liverpool
    Document type Book
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  6. Book: Self-fulfilling currency crises and corporate bankruptcies

    Kinnunen, Riku

    (Discussion paper series / School of Economics and Finance, the University of Hong Kong : Economics & Finance Workshop ; 259)

    1998  

    Author's details by Riku Kinnunen
    Series title Discussion paper series / School of Economics and Finance, the University of Hong Kong : Economics & Finance Workshop ; 259
    Keywords Währungskrise ; Finanzintermediation ; Insolvenz ; Theorie
    Language English
    Size [16] S, graph Darst
    Publishing place Hong Kong
    Document type Book
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  7. Article: Monitoring sedation in the intensive care unit: can "black boxes" help us?

    Walsh, Timothy S / Ramsay, Pam / Kinnunen, Riina

    Intensive care medicine

    2004  Volume 30, Issue 8, Page(s) 1511–1513

    MeSH term(s) Body Temperature ; Conscious Sedation/classification ; Critical Illness ; Drug Monitoring/methods ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Intensive Care Units/organization & administration ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods
    Chemical Substances Hypnotics and Sedatives
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80387-x
    ISSN 1432-1238 ; 0342-4642 ; 0340-0964 ; 0935-1701
    ISSN (online) 1432-1238
    ISSN 0342-4642 ; 0340-0964 ; 0935-1701
    DOI 10.1007/s00134-004-2271-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1089: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: Effectiveness of the Providence nighttime bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparative study of 36 female patients.

    Yrjönen, Timo / Ylikoski, Mauno / Schlenzka, Dietrich / Kinnunen, Riitta / Poussa, Mikko

    European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society

    2006  Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) 1139–1143

    Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the results of treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with the Providence nighttime brace at 1.8 years after discontinuation of bracing. A total of 36 consecutive female patients with an average Cobb angle ... ...

    Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the results of treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with the Providence nighttime brace at 1.8 years after discontinuation of bracing. A total of 36 consecutive female patients with an average Cobb angle of 28.4 degrees and an apex below T 10 were studied prospectively. For comparisons, 36 matched patients treated with the Boston full-time brace were studied retrospectively. With the Providence night brace an average of 92% for brace correction of the primary curve was achieved and during follow-up progression of the curve >5 degrees occurred in 27% of the patients. In the control group of the Boston full-time brace patients, brace correction was 50% and the progression of the major curve occurred in 22% of the patients. We conclude that the Providence night brace may be recommended for the treatment of AIS with curves less than 35 degrees in lumbar and thoracolumbar cases.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Braces ; Child ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis/physiopathology ; Lordosis/physiopathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis/diagnostic imaging ; Scoliosis/physiopathology ; Scoliosis/surgery ; Scoliosis/therapy ; Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Thoracic Vertebrae/physiopathology ; Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Comparative Study ; Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1115375-1
    ISSN 1432-0932 ; 0940-6719
    ISSN (online) 1432-0932
    ISSN 0940-6719
    DOI 10.1007/s00586-005-0049-9
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    Zs.A 3437: Show issues Location:
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  9. Book ; Thesis: Production and decay of intermediate vector bosons and the top quark in pp̄ collisions

    Kinnunen, Ritva

    (Report series in physics : D ; 41)

    1984  

    Author's details by Ritva Kinnunen
    Series title Report series in physics : D ; 41
    Language English
    Size 40 S., [12] Bl, Ill., graph. Darst
    Publisher Univ
    Publishing place Helsinki
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Univ., Diss.--Helsinki, 1984
    ISBN 9514534638 ; 9789514534638
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  10. Article: On scaling of future time.

    von Wright, J / Kinnunen, R

    Perceptual and motor skills

    1976  Volume 43, Issue 3 Pt 2, Page(s) 1235–1241

    Abstract: Five future points of time (range: 1977 to 2034), described in terms of either (A) year number, or (B) "after N years," were scaled using two different types of scaling method. Subjective temporal distance was in each case a power function of ... ...

    Abstract Five future points of time (range: 1977 to 2034), described in terms of either (A) year number, or (B) "after N years," were scaled using two different types of scaling method. Subjective temporal distance was in each case a power function of chronological time, the exponent being consistently lower in Condition A than in B. A corresponding difference was found when subjects rated how threatening they experienced each of three events to be when the events were assumed to take place at the five alternative points of time. Experienced threat decreased exponentially with increasing temporal distance.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Judgment ; Male ; Semantics ; Time Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 1976-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204507-2
    ISSN 0031-5125
    ISSN 0031-5125
    DOI 10.2466/pms.1976.43.3f.1235
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1088: Show issues Location:
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