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Article ; Online: Microbiome is the key to preventing anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery.

Kinross, James M

2024 Volume 73, Issue 2, Page(s) 212–214

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anastomotic Leak/prevention & control ; Colorectal Surgery ; Microbiota ; Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80128-8
ISSN	1468-3288 ; 0017-5749
ISSN (online)	1468-3288
ISSN	0017-5749
DOI	10.1136/gutjnl-2022-329281
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Article ; Online: Race-specific differences in mucosal sulfidogenic bacteria modify colon cancer risk.

Kinross, James

Gut

2017 Volume 66, Issue 11, Page(s) 1884–1885

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80128-8
ISSN	1468-3288 ; 0017-5749
ISSN (online)	1468-3288
ISSN	0017-5749
DOI	10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313989
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Article: Preparing the Bowel (Microbiome) for Surgery: Surgical Bioresilience.

Paine, Heidi / Jones, Faye / Kinross, James

Clinics in colon and rectal surgery

2023 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 138–145

Abstract: The preparation of the bowel for radical surgery is a corner stone of elective colorectal practice. The evidence for this intervention is of variable quality and it is often contradictory, yet there is now a global move toward the adoption of oral ... ...

Abstract	The preparation of the bowel for radical surgery is a corner stone of elective colorectal practice. The evidence for this intervention is of variable quality and it is often contradictory, yet there is now a global move toward the adoption of oral antibiotic therapy for the reduction of perioperative infective complications, such as surgical site infections. The gut microbiome is a critical mediator of the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, wound healing, and perioperative gut function. The loss of critical microbial symbiotic functions caused by bowel preparation and surgery has an adverse impact on surgical outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly defined. In this review, the evidence for bowel preparation strategies is critically appraised in the context of the gut microbiome. The impact of antibiotic therapy on the surgical gut microbiome and the importance of the intestinal "resistome" to surgical recovery is described. Data to support the augmentation of the microbiome through diet, probiotic and symbiotic approaches, as well as fecal transplantation are also appraised. Finally, we propose a novel strategy of bowel preparation defined as "
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2048635-2
ISSN	1531-0043
ISSN	1531-0043
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1760675
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Article ; Online: Precision gaming for health: Computer games as digital medicine.

Kinross, James M

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)

2018 Volume 151, Page(s) 28–33

Abstract: Health based games have significant potential as therapeutic interventions due to the inherent mechanisms associated with social and individual game play and their capacity for sensor integration, data capture analysis and patient feedback. Moreover, ... ...

Abstract	Health based games have significant potential as therapeutic interventions due to the inherent mechanisms associated with social and individual game play and their capacity for sensor integration, data capture analysis and patient feedback. Moreover, they are low cost and they can be deployed at the point of care across an evolving digital ecosystem. However, a robust evidence base to support their wider adoption as a clinical intervention for chronic diseases is lacking and significant methodological barriers exist for health games developers creating efficacious 'digital medicines'. Game design is complex and it must utilise validated game mechanics balanced with a creative and engaging game design. The aim of this review is therefore to outline the fundamental steps of game development for health professionals and to critically appraise the methodology for assessing health games as medical interventions. This requires (1) The adoption of clearly defined global language for health games development based on a targeted function as therapeutic agents. (2) The development of multidisciplinary teams with a broad portfolio of development and clinical skill sets. (3) The creation of health game engines specifically built to facilitate clinical game development. (4) Robust trial design and assessment of translational impact: If games are to be prescribed, their efficacy and toxicity must be based on a rigorous assessment of their use within a real world clinical environment. Trials for precision health games have specific challenges around blinding, learning curves, bias and confounding that are particularly problematic. We propose the adoption of the IDEAL-GAMES framework for game development that systematically assess and validates games through open registries. In conclusion we propose a new framework for assessing the robustness and clinical efficacy of games for health as clinical interventions in the clinical environment.
MeSH term(s)	Behavior Therapy/methods ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; Humans ; Video Games
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1066584-5
ISSN	1095-9130 ; 1046-2023
ISSN (online)	1095-9130
ISSN	1046-2023
DOI	10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.09.009
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Article ; Online: Human robotic surgery with intraoperative tissue identification using rapid evaporation ionisation mass spectrometry.

Manoli, Eftychios / Higginson, James / Tolley, Neil / Darzi, Ara / Kinross, James / Temelkuran, Burak / Takats, Zoltan

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 1027

Abstract: Instantaneous, continuous, and reliable information on the molecular biology of surgical target tissue could significantly contribute to the precision, safety, and speed of the intervention. In this work, we introduced a methodology for chemical tissue ... ...

Abstract	Instantaneous, continuous, and reliable information on the molecular biology of surgical target tissue could significantly contribute to the precision, safety, and speed of the intervention. In this work, we introduced a methodology for chemical tissue identification in robotic surgery using rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry. We developed a surgical aerosol evacuation system that is compatible with a robotic platform enabling consistent intraoperative sample collection and assessed the feasibility of this platform during head and neck surgical cases, using two different surgical energy devices. Our data showed specific, characteristic lipid profiles associated with the tissue type including various ceramides, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids, as well as different ion formation mechanisms based on the energy device used. This platform allows continuous and accurate intraoperative mass spectrometry-based identification of ablated/resected tissue and in combination with robotic registration of images, time, and anatomical positions can improve the current robot-assisted surgical platforms and guide surgical strategy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Physical Phenomena ; Robotics ; Ceramides ; Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Ceramides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-50942-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Can mixed reality technologies teach surgical skills better than traditional methods? A prospective randomised feasibility study.

Guha, Payal / Lawson, Jason / Minty, Iona / Kinross, James / Martin, Guy

BMC medical education

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 144

Abstract: Background: Basic surgical skills teaching is often delivered with didactic audio-visual content, and new digital technologies may allow more engaging and effective ways of teaching to be developed. The Microsoft HoloLens 2 (HL2) is a multi-functional ... ...

Abstract	Background: Basic surgical skills teaching is often delivered with didactic audio-visual content, and new digital technologies may allow more engaging and effective ways of teaching to be developed. The Microsoft HoloLens 2 (HL2) is a multi-functional mixed reality headset. This prospective feasibility study sought to assess the device as a tool for enhancing technical surgical skills training. Methods: A prospective randomised feasibility study was conducted. 36 novice medical students were trained to perform a basic arteriotomy and closure using a synthetic model. Participants were randomised to receive a structured surgical skills tutorial via a bespoke mixed reality HL2 tutorial (n = 18), or via a standard video-based tutorial (n = 18). Proficiency scores were assessed by blinded examiners using a validated objective scoring system and participant feedback collected. Results: The HL2 group showed significantly greater improvement in overall technical proficiency compared to the video group (10.1 vs. 6.89, p = 0.0076), and a greater consistency in skill progression with a significantly narrower range of scores (SD 2.48 vs. 4.03, p = 0.026). Participant feedback showed the HL2 technology to be more interactive and engaging with minimal device related problems experienced. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that mixed reality technology may provide a higher quality educational experience, improved skill progression and greater consistency in learning when compared to traditional teaching methodologies for basic surgical skills. Further work is required to refine, translate, and evaluate the scalability and applicability of the technology across a broad range of skills-based disciplines.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Augmented Reality ; Feasibility Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Technology ; Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044473-4
ISSN	1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
ISSN (online)	1472-6920
ISSN	1472-6920
DOI	10.1186/s12909-023-04122-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The role of the colonic microbiota and bile acids in colorectal cancer.

Roberts, Duncan C / Chidambaram, Swathikan / Kinross, James M

Current opinion in gastroenterology

2022 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 179–188

Abstract: Purpose of review: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Of the various established risk factors for this aggressive condition, diet is a notable modifiable risk factor. This ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Of the various established risk factors for this aggressive condition, diet is a notable modifiable risk factor. This review aims to summarize the mounting evidence to suggest the role of diet, the microbiota and their cross-talk in modulating an individual's risk of developing CRC. Recent findings: Specifically, the metabolism of bile acids and its symbiosis with the microbiota has gained weight given its basis on a high meat, high fat, and low fibre diet that is present in populations with the highest risk of CRC. Bacteria modify bile acids that escape enterohepatic circulation to increase the diversity of the human bile acid pool. The production of microbial bile acids contributes to this as well. Epidemiological studies have shown that changing the diet results in different levels and composition of bile acids, which has in turn modified the risk of CRC at a population level. Evidence to identify underlying mechanisms have tied into the microbiota-led digestions of various foods into fatty acids that feedback into bile acid physiology as well as modulation of endogenous receptors for bile acids. Summary: There is adequate evidence to support the role of microbiota in in the metabolism of bile acids, and how this relates to colorectal cancer. Further work is necessary to identify specific bacteriome involved and their underlying mechanistic pathways.
MeSH term(s)	Bile Acids and Salts ; Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; Microbiota
Chemical Substances	Bile Acids and Salts
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632571-3
ISSN	1531-7056 ; 0267-1379
ISSN (online)	1531-7056
ISSN	0267-1379
DOI	10.1097/MOG.0000000000000816
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Article: Preparing the Bowel (Microbiome) for Surgery: Surgical Bioresilience

Paine, Heidi / Jones, Faye / Kinross, James

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery

(Microbiome)

2023 Volume 36, Issue 02, Page(s) 138–145

Series title	Microbiome
Abstract	The preparation of the bowel for radical surgery is a corner stone of elective colorectal practice. The evidence for this intervention is of variable quality and it is often contradictory, yet there is now a global move toward the adoption of oral antibiotic therapy for the reduction of perioperative infective complications, such as surgical site infections. The gut microbiome is a critical mediator of the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, wound healing, and perioperative gut function. The loss of critical microbial symbiotic functions caused by bowel preparation and surgery has an adverse impact on surgical outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly defined. In this review, the evidence for bowel preparation strategies is critically appraised in the context of the gut microbiome. The impact of antibiotic therapy on the surgical gut microbiome and the importance of the intestinal “resistome” to surgical recovery is described. Data to support the augmentation of the microbiome through diet, probiotic and symbiotic approaches, as well as fecal transplantation are also appraised. Finally, we propose a novel strategy of bowel preparation defined as “ surgical bioresilience ” and define areas or prioritization in this emerging field. This describes the optimization of surgical intestinal homeostasis and core surgical exposome-microbiome interactions that regulate the wound immune microenvironment, the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, and gut function across the perioperative time course.
Keywords	bowel preparation ; gut microbiome ; surgical resistome ; bioresilience
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2048635-2
ISSN	1530-9681 ; 1531-0043
ISSN (online)	1530-9681
ISSN	1531-0043
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1760675
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: Precision gaming for health: Computer games as digital medicine

Kinross, James M

Methods. 2018 Dec. 01, v. 151

2018

Abstract	Health based games have significant potential as therapeutic interventions due to the inherent mechanisms associated with social and individual game play and their capacity for sensor integration, data capture analysis and patient feedback. Moreover, they are low cost and they can be deployed at the point of care across an evolving digital ecosystem. However, a robust evidence base to support their wider adoption as a clinical intervention for chronic diseases is lacking and significant methodological barriers exist for health games developers creating efficacious ‘digital medicines’. Game design is complex and it must utilise validated game mechanics balanced with a creative and engaging game design. The aim of this review is therefore to outline the fundamental steps of game development for health professionals and to critically appraise the methodology for assessing health games as medical interventions. This requires (1) The adoption of clearly defined global language for health games development based on a targeted function as therapeutic agents. (2) The development of multidisciplinary teams with a broad portfolio of development and clinical skill sets. (3) The creation of health game engines specifically built to facilitate clinical game development. (4) Robust trial design and assessment of translational impact: If games are to be prescribed, their efficacy and toxicity must be based on a rigorous assessment of their use within a real world clinical environment. Trials for precision health games have specific challenges around blinding, learning curves, bias and confounding that are particularly problematic. We propose the adoption of the IDEAL-GAMES framework for game development that systematically assess and validates games through open registries. In conclusion we propose a new framework for assessing the robustness and clinical efficacy of games for health as clinical interventions in the clinical environment.
Keywords	chronic diseases ; ecosystems ; games ; health care workers ; mechanics ; medical treatment ; medicine ; point-of-care systems ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-1201
Size	p. 28-33.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1066584-5
ISSN	1095-9130 ; 1046-2023
ISSN (online)	1095-9130
ISSN	1046-2023
DOI	10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.09.009
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Gut Microbiota Modulation of Efficacy and Toxicity of Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy.

Chrysostomou, Despoina / Roberts, Lauren A / Marchesi, Julian R / Kinross, James M

Gastroenterology

2022 Volume 164, Issue 2, Page(s) 198–213

Abstract: Accumulating evidence supports not only the functional role of the gut microbiome in cancer development and progression but also its role in defining the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, ... ...

Abstract	Accumulating evidence supports not only the functional role of the gut microbiome in cancer development and progression but also its role in defining the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, methotrexate) and immunotherapeutic compounds (anti-programmed death-ligand 1/anti-programmed cell death protein 1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4). This evidence is supported in numerous in vitro, animal, and clinical studies that highlight the importance of microbial mechanisms in defining therapeutic responses. The microbiome therefore shapes oncologic outcomes and is now being leveraged for the development of novel personalized therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. However, if the microbiome is to be successfully translated into next-generation oncologic treatments, a new multimodal model of the oncomicrobiome must be conceptualized that incorporates gut microbial cometabolism of pharmacologic agents into cancer care. The objective of this review is therefore to outline the current knowledge of oncologic pharmacomicrobiomics and to describe how the multiparametric functions of the gut microbiome influence treatment response across cancer types. The secondary objective is to propose innovative approaches for modulating the gut microbiome in clinical environments that improve therapy efficacy and diminish toxic effects derived from antineoplastic agents for patient benefit.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects ; Neoplasms ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects ; Microbiota
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80112-4
ISSN	1528-0012 ; 0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
ISSN	0016-5085
DOI	10.1053/j.gastro.2022.10.018
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