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Article: A retrospective study of fecal output and postprocedure colic in 246 horses undergoing standing sedation with detomidine, or general anesthesia with or without detomidine

Thibault, Christopher J / Wilson, Deborah V / Robertson, Sheilah A / Sharma, Dhruv / Kinsley, Marc A

Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. 2019 July, v. 46, no. 4

2019

Abstract: To determine time to first passage of feces, total fecal piles and incidence of colic in the first 24 hours postprocedure in horses undergoing standing sedation with detomidine, or general anesthesia with or without detomidine.Retrospective cohort study ... ...

Abstract	To determine time to first passage of feces, total fecal piles and incidence of colic in the first 24 hours postprocedure in horses undergoing standing sedation with detomidine, or general anesthesia with or without detomidine.Retrospective cohort study.A total of 246 horses.Records of all horses that underwent standing sedation or general anesthesia between December 2012 and March 2016 were reviewed. Horses aged <6 months, admitted for colic or cesarean section, with inadequate data, and those not administered xylazine and/or detomidine were excluded. Records included patient signalment, fasting duration, procedure performed, drugs administered, time to first feces, number of fecal piles during 24 hours postprocedure and mention of colic. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and Tukey’s post hoc comparison tests were used. Parametric data were reported as mean ± standard deviation with significance defined as p <0.05.In total, 116 and 57 horses underwent general anesthesia without detomidine (group GA) and with detomidine (group GA–D), respectively, and remaining 73 horses underwent standing sedation with detomidine (group S–D). Detomidine dose was significantly higher in group S–D than in group GA–D. Time to first feces was longer (7.1 ± 4.2 hours), and group S–D horses passed one fewer fecal pile (6.3 ± 2.4) than group GA horses. There was no interaction between detomidine treatment and preprocedure food withholding and the time to first feces or the number of fecal piles in the first 24 hours postprocedure. Overall, seven horses (2.8%) showed signs of colic (five, one and one in GA, GA–D and S–D, respectively).Detomidine administration, as part of an anesthetic protocol or for standing sedation procedures, should not be expected to contribute to postprocedural colic.
Keywords	anesthesia ; anesthetics ; cesarean section ; colic ; detomidine ; feces ; horses ; patients ; retrospective studies ; sedation ; standard deviation ; xylazine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-07
Size	p. 458-465.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2020582-X
ISSN	1467-2995 ; 1467-2987
ISSN (online)	1467-2995
ISSN	1467-2987
DOI	10.1016/j.vaa.2019.03.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A retrospective study of fecal output and postprocedure colic in 246 horses undergoing standing sedation with detomidine, or general anesthesia with or without detomidine.

Thibault, Christopher J / Wilson, Deborah V / Robertson, Sheilah A / Sharma, Dhruv / Kinsley, Marc A

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

2019 Volume 46, Issue 4, Page(s) 458–465

Abstract: Objective: To determine time to first passage of feces, total fecal piles and incidence of colic in the first 24 hours postprocedure in horses undergoing standing sedation with detomidine, or general anesthesia with or without detomidine.: Study ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine time to first passage of feces, total fecal piles and incidence of colic in the first 24 hours postprocedure in horses undergoing standing sedation with detomidine, or general anesthesia with or without detomidine. Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Animals: A total of 246 horses. Methods: Records of all horses that underwent standing sedation or general anesthesia between December 2012 and March 2016 were reviewed. Horses aged <6 months, admitted for colic or cesarean section, with inadequate data, and those not administered xylazine and/or detomidine were excluded. Records included patient signalment, fasting duration, procedure performed, drugs administered, time to first feces, number of fecal piles during 24 hours postprocedure and mention of colic. Chi-square, Fisher's exact and Tukey's post hoc comparison tests were used. Parametric data were reported as mean ± standard deviation with significance defined as p <0.05. Results: In total, 116 and 57 horses underwent general anesthesia without detomidine (group GA) and with detomidine (group GA-D), respectively, and remaining 73 horses underwent standing sedation with detomidine (group S-D). Detomidine dose was significantly higher in group S-D than in group GA-D. Time to first feces was longer (7.1 ± 4.2 hours), and group S-D horses passed one fewer fecal pile (6.3 ± 2.4) than group GA horses. There was no interaction between detomidine treatment and preprocedure food withholding and the time to first feces or the number of fecal piles in the first 24 hours postprocedure. Overall, seven horses (2.8%) showed signs of colic (five, one and one in GA, GA-D and S-D, respectively). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Detomidine administration, as part of an anesthetic protocol or for standing sedation procedures, should not be expected to contribute to postprocedural colic.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia/veterinary ; Anesthetics/administration & dosage ; Anesthetics/adverse effects ; Anesthetics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Colic/etiology ; Colic/veterinary ; Conscious Sedation/adverse effects ; Conscious Sedation/veterinary ; Feces ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology ; Horse Diseases/surgery ; Horses ; Imidazoles/administration & dosage ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Male ; Postoperative Complications/veterinary ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics ; Imidazoles ; detomidine (7N8K34P2XH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020582-X
ISSN	1467-2995 ; 1467-2987
ISSN (online)	1467-2995
ISSN	1467-2987
DOI	10.1016/j.vaa.2019.03.006
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Article: Development of a minimally invasive approach to equine cervical articular facet joints for placement of an ND:YAG LASER.

Shearer, Tara R / Kinsley, Marc A / Pease, Anthony P / Patterson, Jon S

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne

2017 Volume 58, Issue 11, Page(s) 1181–1186

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a minimally invasive approach to equine cervical articular facet joints for application of an ND:YAG LASER and to evaluate the effects of the laser fiber on the surrounding tissue. Under general anesthesia, an ND: ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to develop a minimally invasive approach to equine cervical articular facet joints for application of an ND:YAG LASER and to evaluate the effects of the laser fiber on the surrounding tissue. Under general anesthesia, an ND:YAG LASER was used to apply 2000 J of energy to 5 cervical articular facet joints in 3 horses (15 joints total). Horses were euthanized and the cervical facets and spinal cords were examined grossly and histologically. Gross pathology of the articular facets revealed evidence of articular cartilage charring and diffuse roughening of the surface. Histopathology confirmed coagulative necrosis. This novel technique allowed access to the cervical articular facet joints with the ND:YAG LASER and has the potential to allow performance of a minimally invasive facilitated ankylosis procedure. Further validation in sedated, standing horses is required to establish safety and efficacy of this technique.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	41603-4
ISSN	0008-5286
ISSN	0008-5286
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Article: Expression of pro-apoptotic markers is increased along the osteochondral junction in naturally occurring osteochondrosis.

Semevolos, Stacy A / Duesterdieck-Zellmer, Katja F / Larson, Maureen / Kinsley, Marc A

Bone reports

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 19–26

Abstract: Osteochondrosis (OC) is a naturally occurring disease of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage and subchondral bone layers, leading to pain and decreased mobility. The objective of this study was to characterize gene and protein expression of apoptotic ... ...

Abstract	Osteochondrosis (OC) is a naturally occurring disease of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage and subchondral bone layers, leading to pain and decreased mobility. The objective of this study was to characterize gene and protein expression of apoptotic markers in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and along the osteochondral junction of osteochondrosis (OC)-affected and normal cartilage, using naturally occurring disease in horses. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (6 OC, 8 normal controls) and cDNA from chondrocytes captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal controls) were obtained from the lateral trochlear ridge of femoropatellar joints in 14 immature horses (1-6 months of age). Equine-specific caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-10, Fas, Bcl-2, BAG-1, TNFα, cytochrome
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2821774-3
ISSN	2352-1872
ISSN	2352-1872
DOI	10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.003
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Article ; Online: Wnt/β-catenin signaling of cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes and full thickness cartilage in early equine osteochondrosis.

Kinsley, Marc A / Semevolos, Stacy A / Duesterdieck-Zellmer, Katja F

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

2015 Volume 33, Issue 10, Page(s) 1433–1438

Abstract: The objective of this study was to elucidate gene and protein expression of Wnt signaling molecules in chondrocytes of foals having early osteochondrosis (OC) versus normal controls. The hypothesis was that increased expression of components of Wnt ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to elucidate gene and protein expression of Wnt signaling molecules in chondrocytes of foals having early osteochondrosis (OC) versus normal controls. The hypothesis was that increased expression of components of Wnt signaling pathway in osteochondral junction (OCJ) and cartilage canal (CC) chondrocytes would be found in early OC when compared to controls. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (7 OC, 8 normal) and cDNA from whole cartilage (7 OC, 10 normal) and chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and osteochondral junctions captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal) were obtained from femoropatellar joints of 17 immature horses. Equine-specific Wnt signaling molecule mRNA expression levels were evaluated by two-step real-time qPCR. Spatial tissue protein expression of β-catenin, Wnt-11, Wnt-4, and Dkk-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. There was significantly decreased Wnt-11 and increased β-catenin, Wnt-5b, Dkk-1, Lrp6, Wif-1, Axin1, and SC-PEP gene expression in early OC cartilage canal chondrocytes compared to controls. There was also significantly increased β-catenin gene expression in early OC osteochondral junction chondrocytes compared to controls. Based on this study, abundant gene expression differences in OC chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals suggest pathways associated with catabolism and inhibition of chondrocyte maturation are targeted in early OC pathogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Case-Control Studies ; Chondrocytes/metabolism ; Horses ; Osteochondrosis/metabolism ; Osteochondrosis/veterinary ; Patellofemoral Joint/metabolism ; Tretinoin/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Wnt Proteins ; beta Catenin ; Tretinoin (5688UTC01R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605542-4
ISSN	1554-527X ; 0736-0266
ISSN (online)	1554-527X
ISSN	0736-0266
DOI	10.1002/jor.22846
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Article ; Online: Age-related differential gene and protein expression in postnatal cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes.

Duesterdieck-Zellmer, Katja / Semevolos, Stacy / Kinsley, Marc / Riddick, Tara

Gene expression patterns : GEP

2015 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Wnt/β-catenin, Indian hedgehog (Ihh)/Parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) and retinoid signaling pathways regulate cartilage differentiation, growth, and function during development and play a key role in endochondral ossification. The objective of this ... ...

Abstract	Wnt/β-catenin, Indian hedgehog (Ihh)/Parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) and retinoid signaling pathways regulate cartilage differentiation, growth, and function during development and play a key role in endochondral ossification. The objective of this study was to elucidate the gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and the osteochondral junction during neonatal and pre-adolescent development. This study revealed cell-specific and age-related differences in gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways. A trend for higher gene expression of PTHrP along the cartilage canals and Ihh along the osteochondral junction suggests the presence of paracrine feedback in articular-epiphyseal cartilage. Differential expression of canonical (β-catenin, Wnt-4, Lrp4, Lrp6) and noncanonical Wnt signaling (Wnt-5b, Wnt-11) and their inhibitors (Dkk1, Axin1, sFRP3, sFRP5, Wif-1) surrounding the cartilage canals and osteochondral junction provides evidence of the complex interactions occurring during endochondral ossification.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/genetics ; Aging/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Differentiation ; Chondrocytes/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Growth Plate/metabolism ; Horses/genetics ; Horses/metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Wnt Signaling Pathway
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2058346-1
ISSN	1872-7298 ; 1567-133X
ISSN (online)	1872-7298
ISSN	1567-133X
DOI	10.1016/j.gep.2014.11.002
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Article: Correlation of dickkopf-1 concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid to the severity of radiographic signs of equine osteoarthritis.

Mills, Jillian S / Kinsley, Marc A / Peters, Duncan F / Weber, Patty S D / Shearer, Tara R / Pease, Anthony P

Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T

2017 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 311–317

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between circulating and intra-synovial Dkk-1 and radiographic signs of equine osteoarthritis.: Methods: Circulating and intra-synovial Dkk-1 levels were measured in ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between circulating and intra-synovial Dkk-1 and radiographic signs of equine osteoarthritis. Methods: Circulating and intra-synovial Dkk-1 levels were measured in clinical cases using a commercially available human Dkk-1 ELISA. Radiographs were performed of the joints from which fluid was collected and these were assessed and scored by a boarded radiologist for joint narrowing, subchondral bone sclerosis, subchondral bone lysis, and periarticular modelling. Comparisons were made between radiographic scores and the concentrations of Dkk-1 using a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. Correlations were calculated using Kendall's statistic. Results: A total of 42 synovial fluid samples from 21 horses were collected and used in the analysis. No significant correlation was identified between Dkk-1 concentrations and radiographic signs of osteoarthritis. Intra-synovial Dkk-1 concentrations were significantly greater (p <0.001) in low motion joints (mean concentration, 232.68 pg/mL; range, 109.07-317.17) when compared to high-motion joints (28.78 pg/mL; 0.05-186.44 pg/mL) (p <0.001). Clinical significance: Low motion joints have significantly higher concentrations of Dkk-1 compared to high motion joints. Further research is needed to establish the importance of this finding and whether potential diagnostic or therapeutic applications of Dkk-1 exist in the horse.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	286750-3
ISSN	0932-0814
ISSN	0932-0814
DOI	10.3415/VCOT-16-11-0157
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Article: Equine Welfare in Practice: A Collaborative Outreach and Education Program with Michigan State University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and Universidad Veracruzana

Schott, Harold C / Estrada-Coates, Alejandro / Alva-Trujillo, Miriam / Petersen, Annette D / Kinsley, Marc A / Esser, Melissa M / Casillas, Jose / Garcia-Seco, Elena / Madariaga-Najera, Mauro / Fernando Martínez, José Antonio / Herrera-León, Arturo / Hernández-Gil, Mariano

Animals. 2019 Apr. 13, v. 9, no. 4

2019

Abstract: There is great need for veterinary care for working equids worldwide. Addressing this need provides an opportunity for veterinary students to gain primary care experience. An annual two week collaborative outreach and educational program with Michigan ... ...

Abstract	There is great need for veterinary care for working equids worldwide. Addressing this need provides an opportunity for veterinary students to gain primary care experience. An annual two week collaborative outreach and educational program with Michigan State University (MSU), the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and the Universidad Veracruzana (UV) was developed to provide care for working equids in rural Mexican communities. From 2017 to 2019 24 US veterinary students and 25 Mexican veterinary students, interns and residents examined, vaccinated and dewormed more than 2200 equids and performed more than 80 castrations, 100 rectal palpations for pregnancy diagnosis, 220 dental floats and 320 hoof trims. They also treated many wounds, sarcoids, vampire bat bites and tick infestations and also saw unusual cases including tetanus, eye injuries, nuchal bursitis, cervical vertebral malformation and suspected vesicular stomatitis. Development of the collaborative MSU-UNAM-UV Equine Welfare in Practice Clerkship required vision, learning, relationship building, creativity, fund-raising and perseverance to develop and agree on mutually beneficial objectives for all participants. The project is largely financed through private donations and supplies provided by pharmaceutical companies. The outcome has been a highly successful program that could be used as a model by other Colleges of Veterinary Medicine world-wide.
Keywords	Chiroptera ; Mexicans ; abnormal development ; animal welfare ; bursitis ; cervical spine ; education programs ; eyes ; fund raising ; hooves ; horses ; learning ; outreach ; pharmaceutical industry ; pregnancy diagnosis ; tetanus ; tick infestations ; universities ; vesicular stomatitis ; veterinarians ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0413
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani9040164
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Article ; Online: Use of plain radiography in the diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in 25 goats and 2 sheep.

Kinsley, Marc A / Semevolos, Stacy / Parker, Jill E / Duesterdieck-Zellmer, Katja / Huber, Michael

Veterinary surgery : VS

2013 Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 663–668

Abstract: Objective: To describe use of plain radiography for diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants.: Study design: Retrospective case series.: Animals: Small ruminants (n = 27; 25 goats, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To describe use of plain radiography for diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants. Study design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Small ruminants (n = 27; 25 goats, 2 sheep). Methods: Medical records (January 2002-November 2011) and radiographs for all small ruminants diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis and having plain abdominal radiographs were reviewed. Signalment, surgical procedures, radiographic findings, ultrasonographic findings, position of calculi, and how plain radiography influenced surgical management and postoperative treatment were recorded. Results: Radiopaque urinary calculi were detected in 23 (85%) plain radiographic studies. Location of uroliths determined by plain radiography included: cystic only (n = 5), distal to the sigmoid flexure and cystic (5), subischial (5), distal to the sigmoid flexure only (3), sigmoid flexure (3), and subischial and cystic (2). In 8 of these animals, postoperative radiographs revealed residual calculi in the urethra and were essential for their targeted removal by urethrotomy in 7 animals. Conclusions: In regions where radiopaque calculi (calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, silica) are commonly encountered in small ruminants, plain radiographs are recommended to determine the appropriate surgical approach(es) and to confirm resolution of the obstruction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Goat Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Goats ; Male ; Radiography ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Sheep Diseases/surgery ; Urolithiasis/diagnostic imaging ; Urolithiasis/surgery ; Urolithiasis/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491071-8
ISSN	1532-950X ; 0161-3499
ISSN (online)	1532-950X
ISSN	0161-3499
DOI	10.1111/j.1532-950X.2013.12021.x
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Article: Equine Welfare in Practice: A Collaborative Outreach and Education Program with Michigan State University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and Universidad Veracruzana.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2019 Volume 9, Issue 4

Abstract	There is great need for veterinary care for working equids worldwide. Addressing this need provides an opportunity for veterinary students to gain primary care experience. An annual two week collaborative outreach and educational program with Michigan State University (MSU), the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and the Universidad Veracruzana (UV) was developed to provide care for working equids in rural Mexican communities. From 2017 to 2019 24 US veterinary students and 25 Mexican veterinary students, interns and residents examined, vaccinated and dewormed more than 2200 equids and performed more than 80 castrations, 100 rectal palpations for pregnancy diagnosis, 220 dental floats and 320 hoof trims. They also treated many wounds, sarcoids, vampire bat bites and tick infestations and also saw unusual cases including tetanus, eye injuries, nuchal bursitis, cervical vertebral malformation and suspected vesicular stomatitis. Development of the collaborative MSU-UNAM-UV Equine Welfare in Practice Clerkship required vision, learning, relationship building, creativity, fund-raising and perseverance to develop and agree on mutually beneficial objectives for all participants. The project is largely financed through private donations and supplies provided by pharmaceutical companies. The outcome has been a highly successful program that could be used as a model by other Colleges of Veterinary Medicine world-wide.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani9040164
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