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  1. AU="Kirk, Tom"
  2. AU="Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint"
  3. AU="Hirsinger, Estelle"
  4. AU="Robles-Musso Castillo, Emilio"
  5. AU="Vahdatihassani, Faezeh"
  6. AU="Maria Pala"
  7. AU=Singh Indra
  8. AU="Gallacher, Nicola"
  9. AU="Chen, Pei-Min"
  10. AU=Andre L
  11. AU="Aleksandra I. Pivovarova"
  12. AU="Cruz, Thainá Gabriele Camargo da"
  13. AU="Atkins, Peter"

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  1. Buch ; Online: A strategic approach to social accountability in Pakistan

    Kirk, Tom

    (IDS working paper ; volume 2017, no 497)

    2017  

    Verfasserangabe Tom Kirk
    Serientitel IDS working paper ; volume 2017, no 497
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Verlag Communications and Engagement Unit, Institute of Development Studies
    Erscheinungsort Brighton, UK
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    ISBN 9781781183960 ; 1781183961
    Datenquelle ECONomics Information System

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  2. Artikel: Gene-Edited Meat: Disentangling Consumers' Attitudes and Potential Purchase Behavior.

    Martin-Collado, Daniel / Byrne, Tim J / Crowley, Jonh J / Kirk, Tom / Ripoll, Guillermo / Whitelaw, C B A

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2022  Band 9, Seite(n) 856491

    Abstract: Novel gene-editing (GE) technologies provide promising opportunities to increase livestock productivity and to tackle several global livestock production sustainability and food security challenges. However, these technologies, as with previous genetic ... ...

    Abstract Novel gene-editing (GE) technologies provide promising opportunities to increase livestock productivity and to tackle several global livestock production sustainability and food security challenges. However, these technologies, as with previous genetic modification technologies in food production, are very likely to generate social controversy and opposition toward their use in the meat industry. Here, we explored public attitudes and consumption predisposition toward gene-edited meat products and their potential added benefits to livestock farming. Our results show that societal perception currently comes as a package, where the use of gene-editing technology acts as an extrinsic cue of meat products quality, and is used to make a range of inferences about all quality facets at once. Although consumers with anti-GE attitudinal positions generally were not sensitive to price discounts or added benefits, added benefits increased the consumption predisposition of most moderate and pro-GE consumers, where benefits related to animal welfare had larger effects than those relating to the environment or human health issues.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-04-05
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2022.856491
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Containing Covid-19 outbreaks with spatiallytargeted short-term lockdowns and mass-testing

    Alsing, Justin / Kirk, Tom / Usher, Nairi / Crowley, Philip JD

    medRxiv

    Abstract: We assess the efficacy of spatially targeted lockdown or mass-testing and case-isolation in individual communities, as a compliment to contact-tracing and social-distancing, for containing SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Using the UK as a case study,we construct a ...

    Abstract We assess the efficacy of spatially targeted lockdown or mass-testing and case-isolation in individual communities, as a compliment to contact-tracing and social-distancing, for containing SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Using the UK as a case study,we construct a stochastic branching process model for the virus transmission, embedded on a network interaction model encoding mobility patterns in the UK. The network model is based on commuter data from the 2011 census, a catchment area model for schools, and a phenomenological model for mobility and interactions outside of work, school, and the home.We show that for outbreak scenarios where contact-tracing and moderate social distancing alone provide suppression but do not contain the spread, targeted lockdowns or mass-testing interventions at the level of individual communities (with just a few thousand inhabitants) can be effective at containing outbreaks. For spatially targeted mass-testing, a moderate increase in testing capacity would be required (typically<40000 additional tests per day), while for local lockdowns we find that only a small fraction (typically<0.1%) of the population needs to be locked down at any one time (assuming that one third of transmission occurs in the home, at work or school, and out in the wider community respectively). The efficacy of spatially targeted interventions is contingent on an appreciable fraction of transmission events occurring within (relative to across)communities. Confirming the efficacy of community-level interventions therefore calls for detailed investigation of spatial transmission patterns for SARS-CoV-2, accounting for sub-community-scale transmission dynamics, and changes in mobility patterns due to the presence of other containment measures (such as social distancing and travel restrictions).
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-05-09
    Verlag Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.05.05.20092221
    Datenquelle COVID19

    Volltext online

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Gastrointestinal Effects of Exogenous Ketone Drinks are Infrequent, Mild, and Vary According to Ketone Compound and Dose.

    Stubbs, Brianna J / Cox, Pete J / Kirk, Tom / Evans, Rhys D / Clarke, Kieran

    International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

    2019  Band 29, Heft 6, Seite(n) 596–603

    Abstract: Exogenous ketone drinks may improve athletic performance and recovery, but information on their gastrointestinal tolerability is limited. Studies to date have used a simplistic reporting methodology that inadequately represents symptom type, frequency, ... ...

    Abstract Exogenous ketone drinks may improve athletic performance and recovery, but information on their gastrointestinal tolerability is limited. Studies to date have used a simplistic reporting methodology that inadequately represents symptom type, frequency, and severity. Herein, gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded during three studies of exogenous ketone monoester (KME) and salt (KS) drinks. Study 1 compared low- and high-dose KME and KS drinks consumed at rest. Study 2 compared KME with isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO) consumed at rest either when fasted or after a standard meal. Study 3 compared KME+CHO with isocaloric CHO consumed before and during 3.25 hr of bicycle exercise. Participants reported symptom type and rated severity between 0 and 8 using a Likert scale at regular intervals. The number of visits with no symptoms reported after ketone drinks was n = 32/60 in Study 1, n = 9/32 in Study 2, and n = 20/42 in Study 3. Following KME and KS drinks, symptoms were acute but mild and were fully resolved by the end of the study. High-dose KS drinks caused greater total-visit symptom load than low-dose KS drinks (13.8 ± 4.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0; p < .05) and significantly greater time-point symptom load than KME drinks 1-2 hr postdrink. At rest, KME drinks caused greater total-visit symptom load than CHO drinks (5.0 ± 1.6 vs. 0.6 ± 0.4; p < .05). However, during exercise, there was no significant difference in total-visit symptom load between KME+CHO (4.2 ± 1.0) and CHO (7.2 ± 1.9) drinks. In summary, exogenous ketone drinks cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms that depend on time, the type and amount of compound consumed, and exercise.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Beverages ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketones/administration & dosage ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Chemische Substanzen Ketones
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-04-29
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 1101115-4
    ISSN 1543-2742 ; 1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
    ISSN (online) 1543-2742
    ISSN 1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
    DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0014
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: A Ketone Ester Drink Increases Postexercise Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Humans.

    Holdsworth, David A / Cox, Peter J / Kirk, Tom / Stradling, Huw / Impey, Samuel G / Clarke, Kieran

    Medicine and science in sports and exercise

    2018  Band 49, Heft 9, Seite(n) 1789–1795

    Abstract: Introduction: Physical endurance can be limited by muscle glycogen stores, in that glycogen depletion markedly reduces external work. During carbohydrate restriction, the liver synthesizes the ketone bodies, D-β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate from ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Physical endurance can be limited by muscle glycogen stores, in that glycogen depletion markedly reduces external work. During carbohydrate restriction, the liver synthesizes the ketone bodies, D-β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate from fatty acids. In animals and in the presence of glucose, D-β-hydroxybutyrate promotes insulin secretion and increases glycogen synthesis. Here we determined whether a dietary ketone ester, combined with plentiful glucose, can increase postexercise glycogen synthesis in human skeletal muscle.
    Methods: After an interval-based glycogen depletion exercise protocol, 12 well-trained male athletes completed a randomized, three-arm, blinded crossover recovery study that consisted of consumption of either a taste-matched, zero-calorie control or a ketone monoester drink, followed by a 10-mM glucose clamp or saline infusion for 2 h. The three postexercise conditions were control drink then saline infusion, control drink then hyperglycemic clamp, or ketone ester drink then hyperglycemic clamp. Skeletal muscle glycogen content was determined in muscle biopsies of vastus lateralis taken before and after the 2-h clamps.
    Results: The ketone ester drink increased blood D-β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations to a maximum of 5.3 versus 0.7 mM for the control drink (P < 0.0001). During the 2-h glucose clamps, insulin levels were twofold higher (31 vs 16 mU·L, P < 0.01) and glucose uptake 32% faster (1.66 vs 1.26 g·kg, P < 0.001). The ketone drink increased by 61 g, the total glucose infused for 2 h, from 197 to 258 g, and muscle glycogen was 50% higher (246 vs 164 mmol glycosyl units per kilogram dry weight, P < 0.05) than after the control drink.
    Conclusion: In the presence of constant high glucose concentrations, a ketone ester drink increased endogenous insulin levels, glucose uptake, and muscle glycogen synthesis.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Beverages ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Exercise/physiology ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Glucose Clamp Technique ; Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Hydroxybutyrates/administration & dosage ; Hydroxybutyrates/blood ; Insulin/blood ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
    Chemische Substanzen (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ; Blood Glucose ; Hydroxybutyrates ; Insulin ; Glycogen (9005-79-2) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-03-04
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603994-7
    ISSN 1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    ISSN (online) 1530-0315
    ISSN 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001292
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

    Zs.A 869: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
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  6. Artikel: β-Hydroxybutyrate Oxidation in Exercise Is Impaired by Low-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Availability.

    Dearlove, David J / Holdsworth, David / Kirk, Tom / Hodson, Leanne / Charidemou, Evelina / Kvalheim, Eline / Stubbs, Brianna / Beevers, Andrew / Griffin, Julian L / Evans, Rhys / Robertson, Jeremy / Clarke, Kieran / Cox, Pete J

    Frontiers in medicine

    2021  Band 8, Seite(n) 721673

    Abstract: Purpose: ...

    Abstract Purpose:
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-11-25
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2021.721673
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Crisis responses, opportunity, and public authority during Covid-19's first wave in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan.

    Kirk, Tom / Green, Duncan / Allen, Tim / Carayannis, Tatiana / Bazonzi, José / Ndala, José / Stys, Patrycja / Muzuri, Papy / Nyenyezi, Aymar / Vlassenroot, Koen / Nyuon, Abraham Diing Akoi / Macdonald, Anna / Owor, Arthur / Storer, Liz / Okello, Joseph / Hopwood, Julian / Porter, Holly / Oryem, Robin / Parker, Melissa /
    Akello, Grace

    Disasters

    2021  Band 45 Suppl 1, Seite(n) S195–S215

    Abstract: Discussions on African responses to Covid-19 have focused on the state and its international backers. Far less is known about a wider range of public authorities, including chiefs, humanitarians, criminal gangs, and armed groups. This paper investigates ... ...

    Abstract Discussions on African responses to Covid-19 have focused on the state and its international backers. Far less is known about a wider range of public authorities, including chiefs, humanitarians, criminal gangs, and armed groups. This paper investigates how the pandemic provided opportunities for claims to and contests over power in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan. Ethnographic research is used to contend that local forms of public authority can be akin to miniature sovereigns, able to interpret dictates, policies, and advice as required. Alongside coping with existing complex protracted emergencies, many try to advance their own agendas and secure benefits. Those they seek to govern, though, do not passively accept the new normal, instead often challenging those in positions of influence. This paper assesses which of these actions and reactions will have lasting effects on local notions of statehood and argues for a public authorities lens in times of crisis.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) COVID-19 ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; South Sudan/epidemiology ; Uganda
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-11-29
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1482668-9
    ISSN 1467-7717 ; 0361-3666
    ISSN (online) 1467-7717
    ISSN 0361-3666
    DOI 10.1111/disa.12513
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Volltext online

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  8. Artikel: Capacity of minors to consent to medical treatment

    Kirk, Tom

    Thomas, Paul, director. Law Reform Reconnaissance Programme, Part II

    1974  

    Verfasserangabe Tom Kirk
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adolescent ; Child ; Delivery of Health Care ; Informed Consent ; Jurisprudence ; Organ Transplantation ; Parental Consent ; Third-Party Consent ; Treatment Refusal ; Blood Transfusion ; Child Abuse ; Christianity ; Contraception ; Emergency Medical Services ; Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania ; Kidney ; Legislation as Topic ; Liability, Legal ; Malpractice ; Physicians ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Religion ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; State Government ; Substance-Related Disorders
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag University of Manitoba, Legal Research Institute
    Erscheinungsort Winnipeg, Manitoba
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Datenquelle Katalog der US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Nutritional Ketosis Alters Fuel Preference and Thereby Endurance Performance in Athletes.

    Cox, Pete J / Kirk, Tom / Ashmore, Tom / Willerton, Kristof / Evans, Rhys / Smith, Alan / Murray, Andrew J / Stubbs, Brianna / West, James / McLure, Stewart W / King, M Todd / Dodd, Michael S / Holloway, Cameron / Neubauer, Stefan / Drawer, Scott / Veech, Richard L / Griffin, Julian L / Clarke, Kieran

    Cell metabolism

    2016  Band 24, Heft 2, Seite(n) 256–268

    Abstract: Ketosis, the metabolic response to energy crisis, is a mechanism to sustain life by altering oxidative fuel selection. Often overlooked for its metabolic potential, ketosis is poorly understood outside of starvation or diabetic crisis. Thus, we studied ... ...

    Abstract Ketosis, the metabolic response to energy crisis, is a mechanism to sustain life by altering oxidative fuel selection. Often overlooked for its metabolic potential, ketosis is poorly understood outside of starvation or diabetic crisis. Thus, we studied the biochemical advantages of ketosis in humans using a ketone ester-based form of nutrition without the unwanted milieu of endogenous ketone body production by caloric or carbohydrate restriction. In five separate studies of 39 high-performance athletes, we show how this unique metabolic state improves physical endurance by altering fuel competition for oxidative respiration. Ketosis decreased muscle glycolysis and plasma lactate concentrations, while providing an alternative substrate for oxidative phosphorylation. Ketosis increased intramuscular triacylglycerol oxidation during exercise, even in the presence of normal muscle glycogen, co-ingested carbohydrate and elevated insulin. These findings may hold clues to greater human potential and a better understanding of fuel metabolism in health and disease.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adiposity ; Athletes ; Carbohydrates ; Carnitine/metabolism ; Diet ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Female ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Humans ; Ketone Bodies/metabolism ; Ketosis/metabolism ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Physical Endurance ; Rest
    Chemische Substanzen Carbohydrates ; Ketone Bodies ; Glycogen (9005-79-2) ; Carnitine (S7UI8SM58A)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2016-07-27
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2176834-1
    ISSN 1932-7420 ; 1550-4131
    ISSN (online) 1932-7420
    ISSN 1550-4131
    DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.010
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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