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  1. Article ; Online: Physician Scientists Of Yesterday, Today And Tomorrow.

    Kirkpatrick, Ryan H / Boyd, J Gordon

    Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale

    2021  Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) E72–79

    Abstract: While the separate roles of physicians and scientists are well defined, the role of a physician scientist is broad and variable. In today’s society, physician scientists are seen as a hybrid between the two fields and they are, therefore, expected to be ... ...

    Abstract While the separate roles of physicians and scientists are well defined, the role of a physician scientist is broad and variable. In today’s society, physician scientists are seen as a hybrid between the two fields and they are, therefore, expected to be key to the translation of biomedical research into clinical care. This article offers a narrative review on physician scientists and endeavours to answer whether there is an ongoing need for physician scientists today. The historical role of physician scientists is discussed and compared with physician scientists of the 21st century. Fundamental differences and similarities between the separate roles of physicians and scientists are examined as well as the current state of bench to bedside research. Finally, the ability of 21st century physician scientists to impact their respective medical and scientific fields in comparison to non-physician scientists will be discussed. This paper speculates as to why numbers of physician scientists are dwindling and uses the COVID-19 pandemic as an example of rapid translational research. Ultimately, we suggest that physician scientists are important and may have the most impact on their field by working to connect bedside and bench rather than simply working separately in the bedside and bench. To do this, physician scientists may need to lead clinical research teams composed of individuals from diverse training backgrounds.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Physicians
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 434004-8
    ISSN 1488-2353 ; 0147-958X
    ISSN (online) 1488-2353
    ISSN 0147-958X
    DOI 10.25011/cim.v44i3.36707
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Non-suicidal self-injury among individuals with an eating disorder: A systematic review and prevalence meta-analysis.

    Kirkpatrick, Ryan H / Breton, Edith / Biorac, Aleksandar / Munoz, Douglas P / Booij, Linda

    The International journal of eating disorders

    2023  Volume 57, Issue 2, Page(s) 223–248

    Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury across eating disorders (EDs) and within diagnostic categories through systematic review and proportional, or so-called prevalence, meta-analysis.: Method: Included ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury across eating disorders (EDs) and within diagnostic categories through systematic review and proportional, or so-called prevalence, meta-analysis.
    Method: Included studies had to contain individuals with a verified diagnosis of an ED. The last literature search was conducted on September 11, 2023, for studies published on or before September 2023 without a restriction on earliest publication year. Results were synthesized and analyzed using the "metaprop" package in R and presented using forest plots. Bias was assessed by a Peters' regression test and funnel plot.
    Results: 79 studies published between 1985 and 2023 were included encompassing 32,334 individuals with an ED. Importantly, 42 studies were not included in any other meta-analyses on self-injury in EDs to date. Overall prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury was 34.59% (95%CI = 30.49-38.81). Prevalence in anorexia nervosa restrictive type, binge/purge type, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified feeding/eating disorder were 23.19% (95%CI = 16.96-30.03%), 41.98% (95%CI = 32.35-51.91%), 36.97% (95%CI = 30.69-43.46%), 21.21% (95%CI = 14.93-28.12%) and 37.65% (95%CI = 28.59-47.09%), respectively. Prevalence estimations could not be estimated for other ED categories due to lack of a sufficient number of studies.
    Discussion: Non-suicidal self-injury is prevalent across both binge/purge and restrictive EDs. Considering the transdiagnostic nature of self-injurious behaviors in ED, the results highlight the importance of assessment and monitoring of self-injury in people with ED, irrespective of specific diagnoses. The method of determining self-injury varied across studies and may limit this study.
    Public significance: This study highlights the prevalence of self-injury across eating disorders irrespective of diagnosis and within specific EDs. While diagnoses known to exhibit self-injurious behaviors (e.g., bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa binge/purge subtype) demonstrated the highest prevalence of self-injury, all diagnoses were found to have a prevalence greater than 20%. These findings suggest the importance of assessing and monitoring all individuals with an eating disorder for the presence of self-injury.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Prevalence ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology ; Bulimia Nervosa/diagnosis ; Binge-Eating Disorder/diagnosis ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology ; Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603170-5
    ISSN 1098-108X ; 0276-3478
    ISSN (online) 1098-108X
    ISSN 0276-3478
    DOI 10.1002/eat.24088
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  3. Article ; Online: Attentional modulation of eye blinking is altered by sex, age, and task structure.

    Pitigoi, Isabell C / Coe, Brian C / Calancie, Olivia G / Brien, Donald C / Yep, Rachel / Riek, Heidi C / Kirkpatrick, Ryan H / Noyes, Blake K / White, Brian J / Blohm, Gunnar / Munoz, Douglas P

    eNeuro

    2024  

    Abstract: Spontaneous eye blinking is gaining popularity as a proxy for higher cognitive functions, as it is readily modulated by both environmental demands and internal processes. Prior studies were impoverished in sample size, sex representation and age ... ...

    Abstract Spontaneous eye blinking is gaining popularity as a proxy for higher cognitive functions, as it is readily modulated by both environmental demands and internal processes. Prior studies were impoverished in sample size, sex representation and age distribution, making it difficult to establish a complete picture of the behavior. Here we present eye-tracking data from a large cohort of normative participants (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2800598-3
    ISSN 2373-2822 ; 2373-2822
    ISSN (online) 2373-2822
    ISSN 2373-2822
    DOI 10.1523/ENEURO.0296-23.2024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Methodological and clinical challenges associated with biomarkers for psychiatric disease: A scoping review.

    Kirkpatrick, Ryan H / Munoz, Douglas P / Khalid-Khan, Sarosh / Booij, Linda

    Journal of psychiatric research

    2020  Volume 143, Page(s) 572–579

    Abstract: Over the past decade, psychiatric research has been on an important hunt for biomarkers of psychiatric disease. In psychiatry, the term "biomarker" is a broad umbrella term used to identify any biological variable that can be objectively measured and ... ...

    Abstract Over the past decade, psychiatric research has been on an important hunt for biomarkers of psychiatric disease. In psychiatry, the term "biomarker" is a broad umbrella term used to identify any biological variable that can be objectively measured and applied to a diagnosis; this includes genetic and epigenetic assessments, hormone levels, measures of neuro-anatomy and many other scientific modalities. However, despite hundreds of studies on the topic being published yearly and other medical specialties having success in discovering biomarkers, clinical psychiatric practice has not had the same success. This paper aims to consolidate the many opinions on the search for psychiatric biomarkers to suggest key methodological and clinical challenges that psychiatric biomarker research faces. Psychiatry as a specialty has many fundamental differences compared to other medical specialties in methods of diagnosing, underlying etiology and disease pathologies that may be limiting the success of biomarker research in itself and puts strict requirements on the research being conducted. The academic and clinical environment in which the research is being conducted also heavily influences the translation of the findings. Finally, once biomarkers are identified, more often than not they are inapplicable to clinical settings, unable to integrate into clinical practice and fail to outperform current diagnostic practices and guidelines. We also make six recommendations for more promising future research in psychiatric biomarkers.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Epigenomics ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychiatry
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3148-3
    ISSN 1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
    ISSN (online) 1879-1379
    ISSN 0022-3956
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Interleaved Pro/Anti-saccade Behavior Across the Lifespan.

    Yep, Rachel / Smorenburg, Matthew L / Riek, Heidi C / Calancie, Olivia G / Kirkpatrick, Ryan H / Perkins, Julia E / Huang, Jeff / Coe, Brian C / Brien, Donald C / Munoz, Douglas P

    Frontiers in aging neuroscience

    2022  Volume 14, Page(s) 842549

    Abstract: The capacity for inhibitory control is an important cognitive process that undergoes dynamic changes over the course of the lifespan. Robust characterization of this trajectory, considering age continuously and using flexible modeling techniques, is ... ...

    Abstract The capacity for inhibitory control is an important cognitive process that undergoes dynamic changes over the course of the lifespan. Robust characterization of this trajectory, considering age continuously and using flexible modeling techniques, is critical to advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms that differ in healthy aging and neurological disease. The interleaved pro/anti-saccade task (IPAST), in which pro- and anti-saccade trials are randomly interleaved within a block, provides a simple and sensitive means of assessing the neural circuitry underlying inhibitory control. We utilized IPAST data collected from a large cross-sectional cohort of normative participants (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2558898-9
    ISSN 1663-4365
    ISSN 1663-4365
    DOI 10.3389/fnagi.2022.842549
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Improving suicide risk assessment in the emergency department through physician education and a suicide risk assessment prompt.

    Reshetukha, Taras R / Alavi, Nazanin / Prost, Eric / Kirkpatrick, Ryan H / Sajid, Saad / Patel, Charmy / Groll, Dianne L

    General hospital psychiatry

    2018  Volume 52, Page(s) 34–40

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the efficacy of two interventions on suicide risk assessment within emergency departments (EDs) on improving the documentation of suicide risk factors by emergency medicine and psychiatric physicians during suicide risk ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the efficacy of two interventions on suicide risk assessment within emergency departments (EDs) on improving the documentation of suicide risk factors by emergency medicine and psychiatric physicians during suicide risk assessment.
    Method: An educational intervention on suicide was provided to all emergency medicine and psychiatry physicians and was followed by the placement of a suicide risk assessment prompt within local EDs. The medical charts of all ED patients presenting with suicidal ideation or behaviours were reviewed immediately and six months after the interventions and compared to pre-intervention. Differences in the documentation of 40 biopsychosocial suicide risk factors between specialties and after the interventions were determined.
    Results: The documentation of 34/40 (p ≤ 0.008) and 33/40 (p ≤ 0.009) suicide risk factors was significantly improved by emergency medicine and psychiatry physicians, respectively, after the interventions and maintained six months later. Immediately and six months after the interventions, the documentation of 8/40 (p ≤ 0.041) and 14/40 (p ≤ 0.048) suicide risk factors, respectively, significantly differed between specialties.
    Conclusion: This suggests that providing a brief educational intervention on suicide to emergency medicine and psychiatry physicians followed by placing a prompt for important, yet commonly undocumented risk factors within the ED is a low-cost and effective intervention for improving documentation of suicide risk assessments within the ED.
    MeSH term(s) Education, Medical/methods ; Emergency Medicine/standards ; Emergency Service, Hospital/standards ; Emergency Services, Psychiatric/standards ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Physicians/standards ; Psychiatry/standards ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Assessment/standards ; Suicide
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 392299-6
    ISSN 1873-7714 ; 0163-8343
    ISSN (online) 1873-7714
    ISSN 0163-8343
    DOI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.03.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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