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Article: Timecourse of oocyte development in saithe Pollachius virens

Skjæraasen, J. E. / Devine, J. A. / Godiksen, J. A. / Fonn, M. / OtterÅ, H. / Kjesbu, O. S. / Norberg, B. / Langangen, Ø / Karlsen, Ø

Journal of fish biology. 2017 Jan., v. 90, no. 1

2017

Abstract: Wild caught North Sea saithe Pollachius virens were monitored for growth, sex steroid profiles and oocyte development pre‐spawning and measured for egg size and group fecundity during the spawning season in the laboratory. Vitellogenesis commenced in ... ...

Abstract	Wild caught North Sea saithe Pollachius virens were monitored for growth, sex steroid profiles and oocyte development pre‐spawning and measured for egg size and group fecundity during the spawning season in the laboratory. Vitellogenesis commenced in late October–early November, at a leading cohort size (CL) of c. 250 µm, after which oocytes grew rapidly in size until spawning started in February. Notably, a distinct cortical alveoli stage was virtually absent with yolk granules observed in developing oocytes at the very beginning of vitellogenesis. Little atresia was observed pre‐spawning, but atretic re‐absorption of remnant oocytes containing yolk granules was found in all females immediately post‐spawning. As expected, concentrations of sex steroids, oestradiol‐17β (females), testosterone (both sexes) and 11‐ketotestosterone (both sexes), increased pre‐spawning before dropping post‐spawning. The present experiment provides the first validation of sex steroid levels in P. virens. Post‐ovulatory follicles were visible in histological sections from female gonads 9–11 months post‐spawning, but then disappeared. Spawning commenced around a CL of c. 750 µm (700–800 µm). Hydrated oocytes (eggs) measured between 1·04 and 1·31 mm (mean = 1·18 mm) with decreasing sizes towards the end of spawning. The average estimated realized fecundity was c. 0·84 million eggs (median female total length, LT = 60 cm). Spawning lasted from 13 February to 29 March.
Keywords	Pollachius virens ; abnormal development ; eggs ; fecundity ; females ; fish ; histology ; oocytes ; resorption ; testosterone ; vitellogenesis ; North Sea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-01
Size	p. 109-128.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410564-3
ISSN	1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
ISSN (online)	1095-8649
ISSN	0022-1112
DOI	10.1111/jfb.13161
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Timecourse of oocyte development in saithe Pollachius virens.

Skjaeraasen, J E / Devine, J A / Godiksen, J A / Fonn, M / OtterÅ, H / Kjesbu, O S / Norberg, B / Langangen, Ø / Karlsen, Ø

Journal of fish biology

2017 Volume 90, Issue 1, Page(s) 109–128

Abstract: Wild caught North Sea saithe Pollachius virens were monitored for growth, sex steroid profiles and oocyte development pre-spawning and measured for egg size and group fecundity during the spawning season in the laboratory. Vitellogenesis commenced in ... ...

Abstract	Wild caught North Sea saithe Pollachius virens were monitored for growth, sex steroid profiles and oocyte development pre-spawning and measured for egg size and group fecundity during the spawning season in the laboratory. Vitellogenesis commenced in late October-early November, at a leading cohort size (C
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Fertility/physiology ; Gadiformes/anatomy & histology ; Gadiformes/blood ; Gadiformes/growth & development ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood ; Male ; North Sea ; Oocytes/cytology ; Oocytes/growth & development ; Oogenesis/physiology ; Seasons ; Vitellogenesis/physiology
Chemical Substances	Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410564-3
ISSN	1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
ISSN (online)	1095-8649
ISSN	0022-1112
DOI	10.1111/jfb.13161
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Article ; Online: The reproductive cycle of female Ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta in high latitude, temperate waters.

Muncaster, S / Andersson, E / Kjesbu, O S / Taranger, G L / Skiftesvik, A B / Norberg, B

Journal of fish biology

2010 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 494–511

Abstract: This 2 year study examined the reproductive cycle of wild female Ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta in western Norway as a precursor to captive breeding trials. Light microscopy of ovarian histology was used to stage gonad maturity and enzyme-linked immuno- ... ...

Abstract	This 2 year study examined the reproductive cycle of wild female Ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta in western Norway as a precursor to captive breeding trials. Light microscopy of ovarian histology was used to stage gonad maturity and enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA) to measure plasma concentrations of the sex steroids testosterone (T) and 17beta-oestradiol (E(2)). Ovarian recrudescence began in late autumn to early winter with the growth of previtellogenic oocytes and the formation of cortical alveoli. Vitellogenic oocytes developed from January to June and ovaries containing postovulatory follicles (POF) were present between May and June. These POF occurred simultaneously among other late maturity stage oocytes. Plasma steroid concentration and organo-somatic indices increased over winter and spring. Maximal (mean +/-s.e.) values of plasma T (0.95 +/- 0.26 ng ml(-1)), E(2) (1.75 +/- 0.43 ng ml(-1)) and gonado-somatic index (I(G); 10.71 +/- 0.81) occurred in April and May and decreased greatly in July when only postspawned fish with atretic ovaries occurred. Evidence indicates that L. bergylta are group-synchronous multiple spawners with spawning occurring in spring and peaking in May. A short resting period may occur between late summer and autumn when previtellogenic oocytes predominate and steroid levels are minimal.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Environment ; Estradiol/blood ; Female ; Oocytes/cytology ; Oocytes/growth & development ; Ovary/cytology ; Ovary/growth & development ; Perciformes/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Seasons ; Seawater ; Testosterone/blood
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410564-3
ISSN	1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
ISSN (online)	1095-8649
ISSN	0022-1112
DOI	10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02691.x
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Article: Some characteristics of sperm motility in European hake (Merluccius merluccius, L., 1758)

Groison, A.-L / Fauvel, C / Suquet, M / Kjesbu, O.S / Le Coz, J.R / Mayer, I / Cosson, J

Journal of applied ichthyology Zeitschrift für angewandte Ichthyology. 2010 Oct., v. 26, no. 5

2010

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to characterize some of the sperm motility parameters in European hake (Merluccius merluccius), which is considered to be a species with aquaculture potential. The total ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations were determined using ...

Abstract	The objective of this paper is to characterize some of the sperm motility parameters in European hake (Merluccius merluccius), which is considered to be a species with aquaculture potential. The total ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography on hake sperm samples collected during the winter-early spring in the Bay of Biscay (France) (n = 22) and on hake sperm samples collected during the summer-early autumn in waters off Western Norway (n = 5). The Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC) was deduced from these data. Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) was used to measure a series of parameters characterizing the motility and the sperm swimming performances. Changes in salinity of the swimming medium affected all the measured motility parameters. The sperm velocity and the straightness of the movement were at maximum when sperm was activated with 100% filtrated sea water (100 SW) but decreased sharply later. When sperm was activated in filtrated sea water (50% diluted with distilled water: 50 SW) the values of these parameters increased (with a lower percentage of active cells) during the first 2.5 min and thereafter decreased slowly. In 50 SW, the initial velocity was lowered but the swimming period lasting 4.5 times longer than in 100 SW (but with a lower percentage of actively swimming cells). Initial sperm motility (percentage of swimming cells) in 100 SW was affected by sperm storage duration. Undiluted sperm could be stored at 4°C for 5 days and still show 13 ± 7% motility; the velocity and straightness of the movement were at maximum at the earliest period of measurement (0.5-1 day of storage) and then decreased gradually to reach their minima after 4 days of storage. Further, both the AEC and ATP content decreased with storage time, with the AEC decreasing from 0.78 ± 0.07 (mean ± SD) at stripping time to 0.20 ± 0.09 after 2 days of storage. Over the same period ATP content decreased from 85 ± 80 to 5 ± 4 nanomoles 10⁻⁹ spermatozoa, these data presenting a high variability.
Keywords	Merluccius merluccius ; adenosine diphosphate ; adenosine monophosphate ; adenosine triphosphate ; aquaculture ; autumn ; computers ; energy ; hake ; high performance liquid chromatography ; salinity ; seawater ; sperm motility ; spermatozoa ; spring ; storage time ; swimming ; Bay of Biscay ; France ; Norway
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-10
Size	p. 682-689.
Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publishing place	Oxford, UK
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	283875-8
ISSN	0175-8659
ISSN	0175-8659
DOI	10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01541.x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Gonadal development and associated changes in liver size and sexual steroids during the reproductive cycle of captive male and female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Dahle, R / Taranger, G.L / Karlsen, O / Kjesbu, O.S / Norberg, B

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology. 2003 Nov., v. 136A, no. 3

2003

Abstract: Gametogenesis in female and male Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) was investigated by sampling blood plasma and gonadal tissue from 19 to 33-month-old fish. The reproductive cycles of both female and male Atlantic cod are characterized by distinct annual ... ...

Abstract	Gametogenesis in female and male Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) was investigated by sampling blood plasma and gonadal tissue from 19 to 33-month-old fish. The reproductive cycles of both female and male Atlantic cod are characterized by distinct annual variations in gonadal size and developmental stage and these are associated with changes in sex steroids and liver size. I(H) did not change during early gonadal development, but both spent females and males had lower I(H) than late maturing females and spermiating males, respectively. In females I(G) was correlated to plasma E2 levels and they were highest in spawning females. The lowest levels during the reproductive cycle were observed in spent females. Plasma T levels were low throughout ovarian development, and were at a minimum in spent females. 11-ketotestosterone in plasma of males increased rapidly during spermiation, while T increased at earlier testicular stages and reached maximum during spermiation. High plasma levels of steroids in male and female cod during spawning serve to promote further development and growth of less advanced stages of germ cells.
Keywords	cod (fish) ; testes ; ovaries ; liver ; testosterone ; estradiol ; spermatogenesis ; oogenesis ; microstructure
Language	English
Dates of publication	2003-11
Size	p. 641-453.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121246-1
ISSN	1531-4332 ; 0300-9629 ; 1095-6433
ISSN (online)	1531-4332
ISSN	0300-9629 ; 1095-6433
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Maturation and fecundity in a capital spawner

van Damme, C.J.G. / Kjesbu, O.S. / Hoek, R. / Rijnsdorp, A.D.

plaice

2009

Keywords	Life Science
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Audio / Video: Effects of alkylphenols on the reproductive system of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Meier, S / Andersen, T.E / Norberg, B / Thorsen, A / Taranger, G.L / Kjesbu, O.S / Dale, R / Morton, H.C / Klungsøyr, J / Svardal, A

Aquatic toxicology. 2007 Feb. 28, v. 81, issue 2

2007

Abstract: Produced water, a by-product of offshore oil production, contains significant amounts of alkylphenols (APs). Many studies have shown that APs cause endocrine disruption in marine organisms, but relatively little is currently known about their long-term ... ...

Abstract	Produced water, a by-product of offshore oil production, contains significant amounts of alkylphenols (APs). Many studies have shown that APs cause endocrine disruption in marine organisms, but relatively little is currently known about their long-term effects on the biology of pelagic fish. Here, we describe in detail the effects of APs on the reproductive potential of first-time spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Cod were fed with feed paste containing four APs (4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-pentylphenol, 4-n-hexylphenol and 4-n-heptylphenol), at a range of concentrations, for either 1 or 5 weeks. AP-exposed fish were compared to unexposed fish and to fish fed paste containing natural estrogen (17β-estradiol). Our results showed that in female fish AP exposure impaired oocyte development, reduced estrogen levels, and delayed the estimated time of spawning by 17-28 days. Similarly, in male fish, we observed that AP-exposure reduced 11-keto-testosterone concentrations, and caused a small induction of VTG levels. We also observed impaired testicular development, with an increase in the amount of spermatogonia and a reduction in the amount of spermatozoa present. Taken together these results suggest that APs released into the sea via produced water may have a negative influence on the overall reproductive fitness of cod populations.
Keywords	Gadus morhua ; animal reproduction ; reproductive system ; phenols ; pollutants ; water pollution ; spawning ; estradiol ; females ; males ; testes ; spermatozoa ; cod (fish) ; endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-0228
Size	p. 207-218.
Document type	Article ; Audio / Video
ZDB-ID	782699-0
ISSN	1879-1514 ; 0166-445X
ISSN (online)	1879-1514
ISSN	0166-445X
DOI	10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.12.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Extent and ecological importance of escape through spawning in sea-cages for Atlantic cod

Uglem, I. / Knutsen, Ø. / Kjesbu, O. S. / Hansen, Ø. J. / Mork, J. / Bjørn, P. A. / Varne, R. / Nilsen, R. / Ellingsen, I. / Dempster, T.

Aquaculture environment interactions

2013 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–49

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2539972-X
ISSN	1869-215X
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Establishing the foundation for the global observing system for marine life

Satterthwaite, E. V. / Bax, N. J. / Miloslavich, P. / Ratnarajah, L. / Canonico, G. / Dunn, D. / Simmons, S. E. / Carini, R. J. / Evans, K. / Allain, V. / Appeltans, W. / Batten, S. / Benedetti-Cecchi, L. / Bernard, A. T. F. / Bristol, S. / Benson, A. / Buttigieg, P. L. / Gerhardinger, L. C. / Chiba, S. /

Frontiers in Marine Science

2021

Abstract: Maintaining healthy, productive ecosystems in the face of pervasive and accelerating human impacts including climate change requires globally coordinated and sustained observations of marine biodiversity. Global coordination is predicated on an ... ...

Abstract	Maintaining healthy, productive ecosystems in the face of pervasive and accelerating human impacts including climate change requires globally coordinated and sustained observations of marine biodiversity. Global coordination is predicated on an understanding of the scope and capacity of existing monitoring programs, and the extent to which they use standardized, interoperable practices for data management. Global coordination also requires identification of gaps in spatial and ecosystem coverage, and how these gaps correspond to management priorities and information needs. We undertook such an assessment by conducting an audit and gap analysis from global databases and structured surveys of experts. Of 371 survey respondents, 203 active, long-term (>5 years) observing programs systematically sampled marine life. These programs spanned about 7% of the ocean surface area, mostly concentrated in coastal regions of the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Seagrasses, mangroves, hard corals, and macroalgae were sampled in 6% of the entire global coastal zone. Two-thirds of all observing programs offered accessible data, but methods and conditions for access were highly variable. Our assessment indicates that the global observing system is largely uncoordinated which results in a failure to deliver critical information required for informed decision-making such as, status and trends, for the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems and provision of ecosystem services. Based on our study, we suggest four key steps that can increase the sustainability, connectivity and spatial coverage of biological Essential Ocean Variables in the global ocean: (1) sustaining existing observing programs and encouraging coordination among these; (2) continuing to strive for data strategies that follow FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable); (3) utilizing existing ocean observing platforms and enhancing support to expand observing along coasts of developing countries, in deep ocean ...
Keywords	marine ecosystems ; global observing systems ; ocean observations ; biodiversity ; time series analysis ; environmental monitoring ; sustainability ; climate change ; coastal zones ; mangroves ; sea grasses ; corals ; algae ; data management ; metadata standard ; datasets ; best practices ; access to information ; spatial analysis ; funding ; capacity development ; technology transfer ; developing countries
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-21T08:57:29Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Growth, gonadal development and spawning time of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) reared under different photoperiods

Hansen, T / Karlsen, O / Taranger, G.L / Hemre, G.I / Holm, J.C / Kjesbu, O.S

Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Aquaculture. Nov 26, 2001. v. 203 (1/2)

2001

Abstract: Individually tagged Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) (mean body weight 459 +/- 6 g) were reared in 20-m3 tanks supplied with running sea water. During the first year the fish were exposed to one of four photoperiod regimes: Natural light (LDN), continuous ... ...

Abstract	Individually tagged Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) (mean body weight 459 +/- 6 g) were reared in 20-m3 tanks supplied with running sea water. During the first year the fish were exposed to one of four photoperiod regimes: Natural light (LDN), continuous light from June 23, 1993 (LL), natural light from June 23, 1993 and continuous light from December 22, 1993 (LDN/LL) or continuous light from June 23, 1993 and natural light from December 22, 1993 (LL/LDN). In July 1994, the LDN and LDN/LL groups were terminated. The LL and LL/LDN groups were reared on until May 1995. From July 1994 to the termination of the experiment in May 1995, the LL group was reared under continuous light and the LL/LDN group was reared under natural photoperiod. Cod reared under natural photoperiod spawned in the period between January and April. Photoperiod manipulation changed the incidence of sexual maturation, spawning time, fecundity and egg size. Cod that were transferred from natural photoperiod to continuous light in December spawned earlier, having lower fecundity and smaller eggs than the cod reared under natural photoperiod. Oocytes of females reared under continuous light were arrested in the cortical alveoli stage, and even in their second year on continuous light very few females matured. When transferred to natural photoperiod in December, females ovulated within 4-5 months, approximately 3 months delayed compared to the natural photoperiod group. These cod had a higher fecundity and smaller eggs than natural photoperiod cod. When reared on for another year under natural photoperiod these cod spawned again the next year at their normal spawning time, e.g. 9 months after their first spawning. The pattern of sexual maturation influenced the somatic growth pattern. Differences in growth were explained by differences in the timing of the spawning and the relative spawning investment. At an age of 26 months, the weight of the cod reared under natural photoperiod and continuous light were 1.5 and 2.5 kg, respectively. From this, it is concluded that a reduction in daylength is a vital environmental signal regulating the maturation and spawning of cod, and that sexual maturation may be arrested or considerably delayed in its absence.
Keywords	Gadus morhua ; gonads ; sexual development ; spawning ; photoperiod ; tanks ; duration ; seasonal variation ; fecundity ; ova ; ovulation ; females
Language	English
Dates of publication	2001-1126
Size	p. 51-67.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	185380-6
ISSN	0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
ISSN	0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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