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Article ; Online: The influence of habitat properties on sex determination in cavity-nesting Hymenoptera

Wittmann, Katharina / Klein, Alexandra-Maria / Staab, Michael

Basic and Applied Ecology. 2023 Apr. 20,

2023

Abstract: Unravelling the relationships between insect population dynamics and habitat properties is often complex. Established theoretical concepts, which predict an influence of available resources on sex determination, have often not been tested with ... ...

Abstract	Unravelling the relationships between insect population dynamics and habitat properties is often complex. Established theoretical concepts, which predict an influence of available resources on sex determination, have often not been tested with quantitative field data. Cavity-nesting Hymenoptera are suitable to assess the influence of habitat properties on reproductive parameters, as haplodiploidy enables direct responses to local conditions. We hypothesize that with increasing resource availability, the population sex ratio (share of females per site), sex allocation preference per individual offspring (the probability of producing either a male or a female offspring per brood cell) and resource allocation per individual offspring will be favouring towards females. We sampled offspring of Osmia cornuta, Osmia caerulescens and Trypoxylon figulus and their resource provisions using trap nests on 30 study sites in an agricultural landscape in southwest Germany, from March to August 2020. The potential influence of resource availability, landscape variables, temperature, seasonal progression, and nesting opportunities on sex and resource provisions was tested. Population sex ratio was not related to habitat properties. Sex allocation preference in the three species, however, depended on several variables including cavity size and seasonal progression, with pronounced differences among species. Individual resource provisioning mainly differed between sexes, as male larvae received less provisions than female larvae. As there was no influence of resource availability, we conclude that the sex ratio of established populations was balanced at the selected study sites by available resources in the landscape. At the individual scale, sex and resource allocation were influenced in species-specific ways. As such, sex determination and resource allocation are essential life history properties of sexually reproducing organisms.
Keywords	Osmia cornuta ; Trypoxylon ; agricultural landscapes ; applied ecology ; brood cells ; females ; habitats ; insects ; life history ; males ; population dynamics ; probability ; progeny ; resource allocation ; sex allocation ; sex determination ; sex ratio ; temperature ; Germany ; Bees ; Foraging ; Generalists ; Landscape ; Resource availability ; Wasps
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0420
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2026806-3
ISSN	1439-1791
ISSN	1439-1791
DOI	10.1016/j.baae.2023.04.001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: DNA barcoding resolves quantitative multi‐trophic interaction networks and reveals pest species in trap nests

Fornoff, Felix / Halla, Wenzel / Geiger, Sarah / Klein, Alexandra‐Maria / Sann, Manuela

Insect Conservation and Diversity. 2023 Sept., v. 16, no. 5 p.725-731

2023

Abstract: Insects, as one of the most species‐rich taxa with enormous taxonomic, behavioural and functional diversity, are in decline. Bees and wasps are especially crucial for ecosystems as pollinators or to control populations of other insects. To understand ... ...

Abstract	Insects, as one of the most species‐rich taxa with enormous taxonomic, behavioural and functional diversity, are in decline. Bees and wasps are especially crucial for ecosystems as pollinators or to control populations of other insects. To understand population drivers, comprehensive knowledge about top‐down and bottom‐up interactions, including all interaction partners, is needed. Nests of trap‐nesting bees and wasps include multi‐trophic interactions between bees, wasps, their food resources and natural enemies, simultaneously, however, up to today, all trophic interactions are not yet included in trap nest research because of challenges to identify the food used by nesting bees and wasps. Here, we reconstructed quantitative three‐ and four‐trophic interaction networks of species in three apoid wasp families using DNA barcoding. The obtained tripartite and quadripartite networks encompassed natural enemy‐wasp‐spider and natural enemy‐wasp‐herbivore‐plant interactions. Moreover, we identified so far undescribed Hymenoptera‐prey interactions, including prey species known as agricultural and forest pests. More extensive research on bee and wasp multitrophic interaction networks will provide valuable insights to better understand responses to environmental and biodiversity change, to investigate ecological theory and to reveal so far unknown feeding links.
Keywords	Apoidea ; DNA barcoding ; bees ; forests ; functional diversity ; nests ; pests ; prey species ; wasps
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Size	p. 725-731.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2411024-3
ISSN	1752-4598 ; 1752-458X
ISSN (online)	1752-4598
ISSN	1752-458X
DOI	10.1111/icad.12664
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online ; Thesis: <dc:title>Wild pollinator enhancement in IP-apple orchards</dc:title>

Königslöw, Vivien von [Verfasser] / Klein, Alexandra-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] / Klein, Alexandra-Maria [Sonstige] / Graß, Ingo [Sonstige]

2022

Keywords	Biowissenschaften, Biologie ; Life Science, Biology
Subject code	sg570
Language	English
Publisher	Universität
Publishing place	Freiburg
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Book ; Online: What evidence exists on wild-bee trends in Germany? Research protocol for a systematic map

Mupepele, Anne-Christine / Hellwig, Niels / Dieker, Petra / Klein, Alexandra-Maria

2023

Abstract: Wild bees have inspired scientists and citizens by their fascinating diversity, beautiful appearance and the benefit humans obtain via plant pollination (Klein et al. 2018). They receive a widespread public attention and were used in recent popular ... ...

Abstract	Wild bees have inspired scientists and citizens by their fascinating diversity, beautiful appearance and the benefit humans obtain via plant pollination (Klein et al. 2018). They receive a widespread public attention and were used in recent popular petitions from the civil society in Germany campaigning for a reversal of insect decline (Süddeutsche Zeitung 2019). Their interaction with flowering plants has been researched intensively over the past decades (Jordano et al. 2003; Garibaldi et al. 2013; Potts et al. 2016; Benadi and Pauw 2018). The decline of wild-bee and in more general pollinator diversity has been documented worldwide and is assumed to hold true for Germany (Biesmeijer et al. 2006; Potts et al. 2010; Schwenninger and Scheuchl 2016). Nevertheless, information on wild-bee trends from the country that has launched the current political debate on declining insects (Hallmann et al. 2017; Seibold et al. 2019) are scarce and knowledge about German wild-bee communities is scattered. In Germany there are a range of entomological, in general locally organised associations, and 16 regional governments responsible for nature protection measures and potentially storing wild-bee records. Collecting and synthesising this knowledge is a tedious task, but promises to substantially increase the knowledge about wild-bee population trends in Germany. The scope of the study is to identify trends in wild-bee populations in Germany. Therefore, we aim to identify data available on temporal trends of wild-bee communities, predominantly in agricultural areas, but also in urban areas and forests. The systematic map results will be used by practitioners specifically targeting conservation actions for wild bees and allow them to identify suitable habitat types in the past, present and future most particularly in Germany, but even across Europe.
Keywords	Text ; ddc:570 ; biodiversity loss -- Hymenoptera -- conservation -- population trends -- landscape ecology
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publisher	PROCEED
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Structural elements enhanced by retention forestry promote forest and non-forest specialist bees and wasps

Rappa, Nolan J. / Staab, Michael / Ruppert, Laura-Sophia / Frey, Julian / Bauhus, Jürgen / Klein, Alexandra-Maria

Forest Ecology and Management. 2023 Feb., v. 529 p.120709-

2023

Abstract: Retention forestry promotes certain forest structural elements to enhance biodiversity. It is unclear however to what extent retention measures are suited to enhance the biodiversity of bees and wasps, and how relationships to structural elements ... ...

Abstract	Retention forestry promotes certain forest structural elements to enhance biodiversity. It is unclear however to what extent retention measures are suited to enhance the biodiversity of bees and wasps, and how relationships to structural elements promoted by retention may differ when habitat-based classifications are accounted for. Here, we analyze the abundance, diversity and species richness of forest and non-forest specialist cavity-nesting bees and wasps collected on 127 plots in the southern Black Forest, Germany. Our aim was to use habitat-based classifications, or groupings based on habitat occurrence of cavity-nesting bees and wasps to evaluate the effectiveness and importance of forest structural elements that are prioritized in biodiversity-focused conservation. We found that canopy cover, stand structural complexity and standing deadwood were principally important for abundance, diversity and species richness of bees and wasps, with differing responses among habitat classifications. Forest specialist biodiversity metrics and composition were related to forest structural variables indicating greater feeding and nesting resource availability, namely herb cover, standing deadwood and stand structural complexity. Non-forest specialist biodiversity metrics were related to primarily canopy cover and elevation while community composition was structured by only forest cover and understory species richness. Our results indicate the importance of considering habitat specializations of cavity-nesting bee and wasp communities for meaningful evaluation of retention forestry structural elements. The presence and arrangement of these forest elements can be altered by stand level management practices utilizing the cascading effects of structural changes, such as increasing herb cover and sun exposed standing deadwood via canopy opening, and high stump retention during tree harvesting.
Keywords	administrative management ; bees ; canopy ; community structure ; dead wood ; forestry ; forests ; ground vegetation ; habitats ; species richness ; trees ; understory ; wasps ; Germany ; Biodiversity ; Forest conservation ; Hymenoptera ; Terrestrial laser scanning
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120709
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Silent summer? Biodiversity loss, insect decline, and a call for conservation

Thompson, Amibeth / Mupepele, Anne-Christine / Klein, Alexandra-Maria

Gaia

2022 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 193

Language	German ; English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1114994-2
ISSN	0940-5550
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Silent summer? Biodiversity loss, insect decline, and a call for conservation

Thompson, Amibeth / Mupepele, Anne-Christine / Klein, Alexandra-Maria

Gaia

2022 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 193

Language	German ; English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1114994-2
ISSN	0940-5550
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Multiple forest structural elements are needed to promote beetle biomass, diversity and abundance

Rappa, Nolan J. / Staab, Michael / Frey, Julian / Winiger, Nathalie / Klein, Alexandra-Maria

Forest ecosystems. 2022 June 21,

2022

Abstract: Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be removed. Here we analyze the biomass, diversity and abundance among forest beetles collected ... ...

Abstract	Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be removed. Here we analyze the biomass, diversity and abundance among forest beetles collected using window traps on 128 1-ha forest sites reflecting gradients in the amount of structural elements in southwestern Germany. We found that beetle biomass increased with mean diameter at breast height (a measure of tree size), and decreased with stand structural complexity. Biomass of individual feeding guilds responded differently to forest structural elements, namely lying deadwood, understory complexity, tree basal area and stand structural complexity. Beetle family diversity increased with the effective number of layers, i.e. 1-m forest strata occupied by vegetation assessed via terrestrial laser scanning. Abundance of feeding guilds responded to only elevation and share of deciduous trees. Community composition in terms of biomass was structured by forest elements similar to biomass of individual feeding guilds, with the addition of lying deadwood. This differed from community composition in terms of abundance of feeding guilds, which was structured by primarily standing deadwood volume and share of deciduous trees. Our results show that biomass, diversity and abundance respond differently to forest structural elements. This suggests that the concurrent prioritization of multiple forest elements is needed to promote forest beetles, with more focus placed on the differing resource needs among feeding guilds. In addition, retention strategies should also consider the varying responses of beetle biodiversity metrics when assessing the importance of forest structural elements.
Keywords	Coleoptera ; biodiversity ; biomass ; community structure ; dead wood ; forests ; prioritization ; tree and stand measurements ; trees ; understory ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0621
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2760380-5
ISSN	2197-5620
ISSN	2197-5620
DOI	10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100056
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Wild bee communities benefit from temporal complementarity of hedges and flower strips in apple orchards

von Königslöw, Vivien / Fornoff, Felix / Klein, Alexandra‐Maria

Journal of Applied Ecology. 2022 Nov., v. 59, no. 11 p.2814-2824

2022

Abstract: Wild bees importantly pollinate both crop and wild plants. Yet, in intensive agricultural landscapes, wild bees are rare due to resource limitations of nectar and pollen. Flower strips and hedges are often used as resource enhancements for wild bees to ... ...

Abstract	Wild bees importantly pollinate both crop and wild plants. Yet, in intensive agricultural landscapes, wild bees are rare due to resource limitations of nectar and pollen. Flower strips and hedges are often used as resource enhancements for wild bees to overcome this shortage, but provide floral resources only during specific time periods. To sustain diverse and stable bee communities, bee‐attractive flowers need to be available during the entire growing season. This may be achieved by combining flower strips and hedges to complement each other and provide continuous floral resources. Over three subsequent years, we compared the phenology of flower and wild bee communities in perennial flower strips, hedges and improved hedges (complemented with a sown herb layer) in conventional apple orchards in Southern Germany, a pollination‐dependent crop system. Hedges provided floral resources in the early season while the flower strips took over later in the season. Bees visited the hedges mostly from March to June, whereas they visited the flower strips from June to August in the first year, and in the second year already from April onwards. Flower strips were visited with an overall higher abundance and species richness than both the hedges and the improved hedges. Synthesis and application. For enhancing wild bees in intensive apple orchards, hedges and perennial flower strips are complementary in providing flower resources. Yet, flower strips bloom more constantly and during periods of flower scarcity, and thus attract a higher diversity of bees than hedges. Perennial flower strips of different age classes should be preferred over annual strips, at best in a network with some well‐maintained hedges, as perennial flower strips of different age attract different bee communities and thus potentially a higher bee diversity on the landscape level.
Keywords	apples ; applied ecology ; bees ; flowers ; ground vegetation ; landscapes ; nectar ; phenology ; pollen ; species richness ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Size	p. 2814-2824.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410405-5
ISSN	1365-2664 ; 0021-8901
ISSN (online)	1365-2664
ISSN	0021-8901
DOI	10.1111/1365-2664.14277
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Pollinator enhancement in agriculture: comparing sown flower strips, hedges and sown hedge herb layers in apple orchards

von Königslöw, Vivien / Fornoff, Felix / Klein, Alexandra-Maria

Biodiversity and conservation. 2022 Feb., v. 31, no. 2

2022

Abstract: In intensive agricultural landscapes semi-natural habitats for pollinators are often limited, although willingness to establish pollinator habitat is increasing among farmers. A common pollinator enhancement measure is to provide flower strips, but ... ...

Abstract	In intensive agricultural landscapes semi-natural habitats for pollinators are often limited, although willingness to establish pollinator habitat is increasing among farmers. A common pollinator enhancement measure is to provide flower strips, but existent or improved hedgerows might be more effective. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of three pollinator enhancement measures at edges of conventional apple orchards: (i) perennial flower strips, (ii) existent hedgerows, and (iii) existent hedgerows complemented with a sown herb layer. We used orchard edges without any enhancement as control. The study took place over three consecutive years in Southern Germany. Wild bee abundance and species richness were highest in flower strips followed by improved hedges. Hoverflies were also most abundant in flower strips, but not more species rich than at control sites. Wild bee but not hoverfly community composition differed between control and enhancement sites. The overall pollinator community included only few threatened or specialized species. Flower abundance was the main driver for wild bee diversity, whereas hoverflies were largely unaffected by floral resources. Pollinator enhancement had neither an effect on the abundance or species richness within the orchards nor on apple flower visitation. Perennial flower strips seem most effective to enhance wild bees in intensive agricultural landscapes. Additionally, flower-rich hedgerows should be promoted to complement flower strips by extending the flowering period and to increase connectivity of pollinator habitat in agricultural landscapes.
Keywords	Syrphidae ; apples ; bees ; community structure ; flowers ; ground vegetation ; habitats ; orchards ; pollinators ; species richness ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Size	p. 433-451.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2000787-5
ISSN	1572-9710 ; 0960-3115
ISSN (online)	1572-9710
ISSN	0960-3115
DOI	10.1007/s10531-021-02338-w
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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