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  1. Article ; Online: Demographic and Behavioral Differences Between Adolescents and Young Adults Who Use E-Cigarettes at Low and High Frequency.

    Singer, Jill M / Tackett, Alayna P / Klein, Elizabeth G / Lu, Bo / Wagner, Dylan D / Wold, Loren E / Roberts, Megan E

    Substance use & addiction journal

    2024  Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) 232–239

    Abstract: Background: Among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), "current use" of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is commonly defined as any use in the past 30 days. However, few studies have examined differences among those within this broad category. This ... ...

    Abstract Background: Among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), "current use" of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is commonly defined as any use in the past 30 days. However, few studies have examined differences among those within this broad category. This study examined characteristics of AYAs who used e-cigarettes at a low frequency (within the last 3 months but <6 days out of the past 30 days) and those who used e-cigarettes at a high frequency (6+ days out of the past 30 days).
    Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses among 551 Ohio AYAs (15- to 24-year-olds) who reported using an e-cigarette to vape nicotine in the past 3 months. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to characterize those using e-cigarettes at a low frequency and a high frequency.
    Results: Among our sample of AYAs who reported past 3-month e-cigarette use, about half (50.8%) reported using an e-cigarette 6 or more days out of the past 30 days (ie, high frequency). In the multivariable analysis, reported nicotine dependence (Odds Ratio [OR]: 7.0, 95% CI: 4.8, 10.3) and current other tobacco product use (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.9) were associated with high-frequency e-cigarette use.
    Conclusion: Our results suggest that frequency of use is an important characteristic in understanding AYA e-cigarette use. Any use in the past 30 days may not be sensitive enough to understand dependence and tobacco-use behaviors. Further characterizing "current" e-cigarette use by frequency of use may provide meaningful information for public health professionals to better target intervention and cessation efforts to AYAs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Vaping ; Demography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2976-7350
    ISSN (online) 2976-7350
    DOI 10.1177/29767342231214115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Nicotine information disclosed online by e-cigarette brands popular with young people.

    Rykaczewski, Clara / Tackett, Alayna P / Klein, Elizabeth G / Singer, Jill M / Lu, Bo / Wold, Loren E / Wagner, Dylan D / Roberts, Megan E

    Tobacco prevention & cessation

    2024  Volume 10

    Abstract: Introduction: E-cigarette use is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults - and there are often misperceptions about product risk. The purpose of this study was to determine what nicotine information is provided on e-cigarette brand websites.!## ...

    Abstract Introduction: E-cigarette use is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults - and there are often misperceptions about product risk. The purpose of this study was to determine what nicotine information is provided on e-cigarette brand websites.
    Methods: Based on national and local surveys, we identified 44 e-cigarette brands commonly used in the US by adolescents and young adults. For each of these brands, their associated websites were analyzed for disclosed nicotine information. Specifically, for each brand's website, we coded whether there was information on nicotine concentration (recorded if a numerical value was provided such as '5% nicotine'), nicotine form (free-base, nicotine salts, or not stated), and nicotine type (tobacco-derived, synthetically derived, or not stated). Coding allowed for both lay (e.g. 'nic salts') as well as scientific (e.g. 'isomers') terms.
    Results: Of the 44 brands examined, all provided basic information on nicotine concentration (e.g. '5% nicotine'). However, 23% of brands did not disclose information on nicotine form (i.e. nicotine salt vs free-base), and 66% of brands did not disclose information on nicotine type (i.e. synthetic vs tobacco-derived).
    Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that the e-cigarette industry is not fully informing its consumers about the nicotine in their products. Given that nicotine form and type have implications for e-cigarette addiction potential, these findings highlight a public health concern. There is a need for more comprehensive national regulations for mandating product constituents and emissions disclosures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2459-3087
    ISSN (online) 2459-3087
    DOI 10.18332/tpc/186953
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Geographic Differences in JUUL Use and Risk Perceptions.

    Singer, Jill M / Keller-Hamilton, Brittney / Roberts, Megan E / Klein, Elizabeth G / Ferketich, Amy K

    Substance use & misuse

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 13, Page(s) 1918–1922

    Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare prevalence of JUUL use and JUUL risk perceptions between adolescents living in an urban area versus Appalachian areas of the U.S.: Methods: Data were drawn from a prospective cohort study of adolescent ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare prevalence of JUUL use and JUUL risk perceptions between adolescents living in an urban area versus Appalachian areas of the U.S.
    Methods: Data were drawn from a prospective cohort study of adolescent males (the Buckeye Teen Health Study, or BTHS); our cross-sectional analysis used data from one timepoint, collected between January and December 2019 (N = 873). Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression compared JUUL use prevalence and risk perceptions between participants in an urban Ohio county and nine predominantly rural Appalachian Ohio counties.
    Results: Over a quarter of the sample (29.2%) had ever used JUUL. In the unadjusted model, prevalence of JUUL use was similar between regions but Appalachian participants perceived JUUL as more harmful (p < .001) and more addictive (p = .04) than urban participants. In the adjusted model, region was not significantly related to current JUUL use (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.87) or ever JUUL use (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.60).
    Conclusions: JUUL use was similar between urban and Appalachian participants despite regional differences in risk perceptions. Interventions that only target risk perceptions may not be sufficient to prevent adolescent e-cigarette use, particularly in rural communities.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Male ; Humans ; Vaping/epidemiology ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Behavior, Addictive
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1310358-1
    ISSN 1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
    ISSN (online) 1532-2491
    ISSN 1082-6084
    DOI 10.1080/10826084.2022.2120360
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The Role of Cigarillo Flavor in the Co-Use of Cigarillos and Cannabis among Young Adults.

    Glasser, Allison M / Nemeth, Julianna M / Quisenberry, Amanda J / Shoben, Abigail B / Trapl, Erika S / Klein, Elizabeth G

    Substance use & misuse

    2023  Volume 58, Issue 5, Page(s) 717–727

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Background
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Young Adult ; United States/epidemiology ; Cannabis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Tobacco Products ; Smoke/analysis ; Smokers ; Hallucinogens
    Chemical Substances Smoke ; Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1310358-1
    ISSN 1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
    ISSN (online) 1532-2491
    ISSN 1082-6084
    DOI 10.1080/10826084.2023.2184206
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Testing potential disclosures for e-cigarette sponsorship on social media.

    Klein, Elizabeth G / Kierstead, Elexis / Czaplicki, Lauren / Berman, Micah L / Emery, Sherry / Schillo, Barbara

    Addictive behaviors

    2021  Volume 125, Page(s) 107146

    Abstract: Objectives: Few e-cigarette social media posts are authentic posts to friends; most come from commercially sponsored influencers. Potential disclosure strategies need to be tested to confirm whether users recognize such posts as commercially sponsored.!# ...

    Abstract Objectives: Few e-cigarette social media posts are authentic posts to friends; most come from commercially sponsored influencers. Potential disclosure strategies need to be tested to confirm whether users recognize such posts as commercially sponsored.
    Methods: Between July - August 2019, young adult (ages 16-24; n = 200) participants were recruited to view their native Instagram feed on a laboratory mobile device. Posts from e-cigarette influencers were manipulated to add either #ad or #sponsored while eye tracking software measured visual attention. Participants self-reported their interpretation of the hashtags in open-ended responses. Logistic regression analyses compared recognition of commercial content by condition, and qualitative content analyses summarized the key themes related to the hashtags.
    Results: The #ad condition had nearly twice the odds of commercial recognition compared to #sponsored (OR = 1.98, CI: 1.14-3.38). Every second of attention paid to the hashtag significantly increased the odds of commercial recognition by 22% (OR: 1.22, CI: 1.00-1.33).
    Conclusion: The #ad disclosure attracted visual attention and significantly increased recognition of commercial sponsorship from young social media users. Labeling commercially sponsored content on social media is a promising strategy to better inform users about paid social media influence.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Disclosure ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Product Labeling ; Social Media ; Tobacco Products ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197618-7
    ISSN 1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
    ISSN (online) 1873-6327
    ISSN 0306-4603
    DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107146
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Flavour loyalty may predict cessation or substitution following a cigarillo flavour ban among young adults in the USA.

    Pike Moore, Stephanie / Osborn, Catherine / Koopman Gonzalez, Sarah / Quisenberry, Amanda / Klein, Elizabeth G / Kaur, Manpreet / Suratkal, Jessica / Trapl, Erika

    Tobacco control

    2022  Volume 31, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) s206–s213

    Abstract: Significance: The purpose of this research was to measure flavour loyalty and identify how current cigarillo users may respond to a hypothetical flavour ban in the USA.: Methods: Cigarillo users aged 21-28 (n=531) were recruited between October 2020 ... ...

    Abstract Significance: The purpose of this research was to measure flavour loyalty and identify how current cigarillo users may respond to a hypothetical flavour ban in the USA.
    Methods: Cigarillo users aged 21-28 (n=531) were recruited between October 2020 and April 2021 to participate in an online survey. Respondents categorised their preferred, usual and current cigarillo flavours. Individuals who preferred tobacco flavours were compared with individuals who preferred any other flavours. Strength of preferences, or flavour loyalty, was defined when an individual's preferred flavour matched what they use both usually and currently creating a spectrum of individuals with a strong tobacco preference (n=34), weak tobacco preference (n=20), weak flavour preference (n=162) and strong flavour preference (n=315). Those preferring tobacco were aggregated into any tobacco preference (n=54).
    Results: Individuals who preferred any flavour scored higher on a scale of nicotine dependence. There was a dose-response relationship in those who said they would discontinue cigarillos if flavoured options were not available: 11.4% of individuals with any tobacco flavour preference, 27.8% of those with a weak flavour preference and 38.1% of those with a strong flavour preference. A similar trend was noted among those who would switch to another product: 19.2% of those with tobacco flavour preference, 34.3% of those with a weak flavour preference and 43.2% of those with a strong flavour preference.
    Conclusion: Individuals who display strong flavour preferences were more likely to say they would discontinue use or seek out alternative flavoured products following a ban on flavoured cigarillos.
    MeSH term(s) Young Adult ; Humans ; Tobacco Products ; Flavoring Agents ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Tobacco Use ; Taste ; Nicotiana
    Chemical Substances Flavoring Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1146554-2
    ISSN 1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
    ISSN (online) 1468-3318
    ISSN 0964-4563
    DOI 10.1136/tc-2022-057487
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cigarillo Flavor and Motivation to Quit among Co-Users of Cigarillos and Cannabis: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

    Glasser, Allison M / Nemeth, Julianna M / Quisenberry, Amanda J / Shoben, Abigail B / Trapl, Erika S / Klein, Elizabeth G

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 9

    Abstract: Flavored cigar restrictions have the potential to benefit public health. Flavor availability facilitates cigarillo use, but it is unknown if flavor impacts patterns of co-use of cigarillos and cannabis, an increasingly prevalent behavior among young ... ...

    Abstract Flavored cigar restrictions have the potential to benefit public health. Flavor availability facilitates cigarillo use, but it is unknown if flavor impacts patterns of co-use of cigarillos and cannabis, an increasingly prevalent behavior among young adults. Data were collected (2020-2021) in a cross-sectional online survey administered to a convenience sample of young adults who smoked cigarillos from 15 areas with high cigar use prevalence. We assessed the relationship between flavored cigarillo use and motivation to quit cannabis and cigarillo use among past 30-day co-users (N = 218), as well as several covariates (e.g., cigarillo price and flavor/cannabis policy). Flavored cigarillo perceived appeal and harm were hypothesized parallel mediators. Most co-users reported usually using flavored cigarillos (79.5%), which was not significantly associated with motivation to quit cigarillos or cannabis. Perceived cigarillo harm (β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.33), advertising exposure (β = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.24), and income (among racial/ethnic minorities; β = -0.13, 95% CI = -0.25, -0.02) were significant predictors of motivation to quit cigarillos. There were no significant predictors of motivation to quit cannabis. Cigarillo flavor was not associated with motivation to quit, so findings could suggest that banning flavors in cigars may have a neutral impact on co-use with cannabis among young adults.
    MeSH term(s) Cannabis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hallucinogens ; Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Motivation ; Tobacco Products ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Hallucinogens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19095727
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The smoking ban next door: do hospitality businesses in border areas have reduced sales after a statewide smoke-free policy?

    Klein, Elizabeth G / Hood, Nancy E

    Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

    2015  Volume 119, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–49

    Abstract: Introduction: Despite numerous studies demonstrating no significant economic effects on hospitality businesses following a statewide smoke-free (SF) policy, regional concerns suggest that areas near states without SF policies may experience a loss of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Despite numerous studies demonstrating no significant economic effects on hospitality businesses following a statewide smoke-free (SF) policy, regional concerns suggest that areas near states without SF policies may experience a loss of hospitality sales across the border. The present study evaluated the impact of Ohio's statewide SF policy on taxable restaurant and bar sales in border and non-border areas.
    Methods: Spline regression analysis was used to assess changes in monthly taxable sales at the county level in full-service restaurants and bars in Ohio. Data were analyzed from four years prior to policy implementation to three years post-policy. Change in the differences in the slope of taxable sales for border (n = 21) and non-border (n = 67) counties were evaluated for changes following the statewide SF policy enforcement, adjusted for unemployment rates, general trends in the hospitality sector, and seasonality.
    Results: After adjusting for covariates, there was no statistically significant change in the difference in slope for taxable sales for either restaurants (β = 0.9, p = 0.09) or bars (β = 0.2, p = 0.07) following the SF policy for border areas compared to non-border areas of Ohio.
    Conclusions: Border regions in Ohio did not experience a significant change in bar and restaurant sales compared to non-border areas following a statewide SF policy. Results support that Ohio's statewide SF policy did not impact these two areas differently, and provide additional evidence for the continued use of SF policies to provide protection from exposure to secondhand smoke for both workers and the general public.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ohio ; Restaurants/economics ; Smoke-Free Policy/economics ; Smoking/economics ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention ; Taxes/statistics & numerical data ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/economics ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Tobacco Smoke Pollution
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605805-x
    ISSN 1872-6054 ; 0168-8510
    ISSN (online) 1872-6054
    ISSN 0168-8510
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.09.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: A Vision for Eye-tracking Research in Tobacco Regulatory Science.

    Kaufman, Annette / Klein, Elizabeth G / Koblitz, Amber / Price, Simani

    Tobacco regulatory science

    2019  Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) 3–7

    Abstract: The purpose of this compendium of recent research in this themed issue is to heighten awareness of eye-tracking methodology and its application in tobacco regulatory science to advance knowledge of consumer understanding of the diversity of advertising, ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this compendium of recent research in this themed issue is to heighten awareness of eye-tracking methodology and its application in tobacco regulatory science to advance knowledge of consumer understanding of the diversity of advertising, marketing, and other communications about tobacco products. Eye-tracking provides an objective and direct measure of attention that cannot be obtained through self-reported measures. The 7 papers selected for this special issue contribute to scientific knowledge and this editorial provides a synthesis to help guide readers and offer insights for future eye-tracking research. These elegantly designed studies apply eye-tracking methods to 3 major topics related to tobacco products: health warnings, advertising, and constituent information. The application of eye tracking methodology to tobacco regulatory science research has the potential to increase understanding of the impact of tobacco communication and marketing on consumers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2333-9748
    ISSN 2333-9748
    DOI 10.18001/TRS.4.6.1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Framing pregnancy-related smoking cessation messages for women of reproductive age.

    Klein, Elizabeth G / Macisco, Joseph / Lazard, Allison / Busho, Audrey / Oslock, Austin / Worly, Brett

    Addictive behaviors reports

    2020  Volume 12, Page(s) 100290

    Abstract: Introduction: Communicating harms of smoking and benefits of quitting to tobacco users to motivate cessation is critical to reduce the burden of tobacco-related disease. Most messaging strategies focus on health risks of smoking using loss-framing; yet, ...

    Abstract Introduction: Communicating harms of smoking and benefits of quitting to tobacco users to motivate cessation is critical to reduce the burden of tobacco-related disease. Most messaging strategies focus on health risks of smoking using loss-framing; yet, gain-framed messages to increase confidence in quitting have shown promise for smokers with lower self-efficacy. This study examined the impact of message framing on perceived effectiveness of targeted, pregnancy-related smoking cessation messages among pregnant and not-pregnant smoking women of reproductive age.
    Methods: An obstetrics-gynecological clinic-based sample of female, current smokers of reproductive age (18-44 years old) was recruited during January to May 2019 (n = 135). Participants self-reported ratings for 10 pregnancy-related cessation messages (half gain-framed) on a validated perceived effectiveness scale. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by message themes.
    Results: Gain-framed messages were rated significantly higher (0.20; p < 0.01) compared to loss-framed messages for perceived effectiveness, after accounting for quit intentions, self-efficacy to quit, health literacy, cessation risk perceptions, nicotine dependence, and pregnancy status.
    Conclusions: Gain-framed health messages about cessation were deemed to be more effective than loss-framed messages among adult female smokers. Targeted, positively framed messages to highlight the benefits of quitting to women of reproductive age show promise as a strategy to promote smoking cessation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2831558-3
    ISSN 2352-8532 ; 2352-8532
    ISSN (online) 2352-8532
    ISSN 2352-8532
    DOI 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100290
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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