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  1. Article ; Online: Shallow defects and variable photoluminescence decay times up to 280 µs in triple-cation perovskites.

    Yuan, Ye / Yan, Genghua / Dreessen, Chris / Rudolph, Toby / Hülsbeck, Markus / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Ye, Jiajiu / Rau, Uwe / Kirchartz, Thomas

    Nature materials

    2024  Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 391–397

    Abstract: Quantifying recombination in halide perovskites is a crucial prerequisite to control and improve the performance of perovskite-based solar cells. While both steady-state and transient photoluminescence are frequently used to assess recombination in ... ...

    Abstract Quantifying recombination in halide perovskites is a crucial prerequisite to control and improve the performance of perovskite-based solar cells. While both steady-state and transient photoluminescence are frequently used to assess recombination in perovskite absorbers, quantitative analyses within a consistent model are seldom reported. We use transient photoluminescence measurements with a large dynamic range of more than ten orders of magnitude on triple-cation perovskite films showing long-lived photoluminescence transients featuring continuously changing decay times that range from tens of nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds. We quantitatively explain both the transient and steady-state photoluminescence with the presence of a high density of shallow defects and consequent high rates of charge carrier trapping, thereby showing that deep defects do not affect the recombination dynamics. The complex carrier kinetics caused by emission and recombination processes via shallow defects imply that the reporting of only single lifetime values, as is routinely done in the literature, is meaningless for such materials. We show that the features indicative for shallow defects seen in the bare films remain dominant in finished devices and are therefore also crucial to understanding the performance of perovskite solar cells.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2088679-2
    ISSN 1476-4660 ; 1476-1122
    ISSN (online) 1476-4660
    ISSN 1476-1122
    DOI 10.1038/s41563-023-01771-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Comparing Methods of Characterizing Energetic Disorder in Organic Solar Cells

    Hartnagel, Paula / Ravishankar, Sandheep / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Thimm, Oliver / Kirchartz, Thomas

    2023  

    Abstract: Energetic disorder has been known for decades to limit the performance of structurally disordered semiconductors such as amorphous silicon and organic semiconductors. However, in the past years, high performance organic solar cells have emerged showing a ...

    Abstract Energetic disorder has been known for decades to limit the performance of structurally disordered semiconductors such as amorphous silicon and organic semiconductors. However, in the past years, high performance organic solar cells have emerged showing a continuously reduced amount of energetic disorder. While searching for future high efficiency material systems, it is therefore important to correctly characterize this energetic disorder. While there are several techniques in literature, the most common approaches to probe the density of defect states are using optical excitation as in external quantum efficiency measurements or sequential filling of the tail states by applying an external voltage as in admittance spectroscopy. A metanalysis of available literature as well as our experiments using four characterization techniques on two material systems reveal that electrical, voltage-dependent measurements frequently yield higher values of energetic disorder than optical measurements. With drift-diffusion simulations, we demonstrate that the approaches probe different energy ranges of the subband-gap density of states. We further explore the limitations of the techniques and find that extraction of information from a capacitance-voltage curve can be inhibited by an internal series resistance. Thereby, we explain the discrepancies between measurements techniques with sensitivity to different energy ranges and electronic parameters.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Physics - Applied Physics
    Subject code 530
    Publishing date 2023-01-17
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Book ; Online: Characterizing the Influence of Charge Extraction Layers on the Performance of Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

    Siekmann, Johanna / Kulkarni, Ashish / Akel, Samah / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Saliba, Michael / Rau, Uwe / Kirchartz, Thomas

    2023  

    Abstract: Selecting suitable charge transport layers and suppressing non-radiative recombination at interfaces to the absorber layer are vital to maximize the efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells. In this work, high-quality perovskite thin films and devices ...

    Abstract Selecting suitable charge transport layers and suppressing non-radiative recombination at interfaces to the absorber layer are vital to maximize the efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells. In this work, high-quality perovskite thin films and devices are fabricated with different fullerene-based electron transport layers and different self-assembled monolayers as hole transport layers. We then perform a comparative study of a significant variety of different electrical, optical and photoemission-based characterization techniques to quantify the properties of the solar cells, the individual layers and importantly the interfaces between them. In addition, we highlight the limitations and problems of the different measurements, the insights gained by combining different methods and the different strategies to extract information from the experimental raw data.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science
    Subject code 620
    Publishing date 2023-02-11
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Online: Resolving the Hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz Hole Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

    Hossain, Kashimul / Kulkarni, Ashish / Bothra, Urvashi / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Kirchartz, Thomas / Saliba, Michael / Kabra, Dinesh

    2023  

    Abstract: 4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) has been employed in perovskite single junction and tandem devices demonstrating high efficiencies. However, a uniform perovskite layer does not form due ... ...

    Abstract [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) has been employed in perovskite single junction and tandem devices demonstrating high efficiencies. However, a uniform perovskite layer does not form due to the hydrophobicity of Me-4PACz. Here, we tackle this challenge by adding a conjugated polyelectrolyte poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammonium-propyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9dioctylfluorene)dibromide (PFN-Br) to the Me-4PACz in a specific ratio, defines as Pz:PFN. With this mixing engineering strategy of Pz:PFN, the PFN-Br interacts with the A-site cation and is confirmed via solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of diffraction peaks of perovskite film revealed improved crystallization on the optimal mixing ratio of Pz:PFN. Interestingly, the mixing of PFN-Br additionally tunes the work function of the Me-4PACz as revealed by the Kelvin probe force microscopy and built-in-voltage estimation in solar cells. Devices employing optimized Pz:PFN mixing ratio deliver open-circuit voltage (Voc)of 1.16 V and efficiency >20% for perovskites with a bandgap of 1.6 eV with high reproducibility and concomitant stability. Considering significant research on Me-4PACz SAM, our work highlights the importance of obtaining a uniform perovskite layer with improved yield and performance.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science
    Subject code 500
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Laserinduzierte Bromierung organischer Monoschichten

    Klingebiel, Benjamin

    2011  

    Author's details Benjamin Klingebiel
    Language German
    Size Online-Ressource
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Essen, Univ., Diss.--Duisburg, 2011
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  6. Article: Spin-coated planar Sb

    Kaienburg, Pascal / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Kirchartz, Thomas

    Beilstein journal of nanotechnology

    2018  Volume 9, Page(s) 2114–2124

    Abstract: Antimony sulfide solar cells have demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 7% when assembled in an extremely thin absorber configuration deposited via chemical bath deposition. More recently, less complex, planar geometries were obtained from simple spin- ... ...

    Abstract Antimony sulfide solar cells have demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 7% when assembled in an extremely thin absorber configuration deposited via chemical bath deposition. More recently, less complex, planar geometries were obtained from simple spin-coating approaches, but the device efficiency still lags behind. We compare two processing routes based on different precursors reported in the literature. By studying the film morphology, sub-bandgap absorption and solar cell performance, improved annealing procedures are found and the crystallization temperature is shown to be critical. In order to determine the optimized processing conditions, the role of the polymeric hole transport material is discussed. The efficiency of our best solar cells exceeds previous reports for each processing route, and our champion device displays one of the highest efficiencies reported for planar antimony sulfide solar cells.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2583584-1
    ISSN 2190-4286
    ISSN 2190-4286
    DOI 10.3762/bjnano.9.200
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book ; Online: Interface Optimization via Fullerene Blends Enables Open-Circuit Voltages of 1.35 V in CH3NH3Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 Solar Cells

    Liu, Zhifa / Siekmann, Johanna / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Rau, Uwe / Kirchartz, Thomas

    2021  

    Abstract: Non-radiative recombination processes are the biggest hindrance to approaching the radiative limit of the open-circuit voltage for wide-band gap perovskite solar cells. In addition, to high bulk quality, good interfaces and good energy level alignment ... ...

    Abstract Non-radiative recombination processes are the biggest hindrance to approaching the radiative limit of the open-circuit voltage for wide-band gap perovskite solar cells. In addition, to high bulk quality, good interfaces and good energy level alignment for majority carriers at charge transport layer-absorber interfaces are crucial to minimize non-radiative recombination pathways. By tuning the lowest-unoccupied molecular-orbital of electron transport layers via the use of different fullerenes and fullerene blends, we demonstrate open-circuit voltages exceeding 1.35 V in CH3NH3Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 device. Further optimization of mobility in binary fullerenes electron transport layer can boost the power conversion efficiency as high as 18.6%. We note in particular that the Voc-fill factor product is > 1.085 V, which is the highest value reported for halide perovskites with this band gap.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
    Publishing date 2021-02-08
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online: A Universal Strategy of Perovskite Ink-Substrate Interaction to Overcome the Poor Wettability of a Self-Assembled Monolayer for Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells

    Kulkarni, Ashish / Sarkar, Ranjini / Akel, Samah / Haeser, Maria / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Wuttig, Matthias / Chakraborty, Sudip / Saliba, Michael / Kirchartz, Thomas

    2023  

    Abstract: Perovskite solar cells employing self assembled monolayers such as Me-4PACz as hole transport layer has been reported to demonstrate high device efficiency. However, the poor perovskite wetting on the Me-4PACz caused by poor perovskite ink interaction ... ...

    Abstract Perovskite solar cells employing self assembled monolayers such as Me-4PACz as hole transport layer has been reported to demonstrate high device efficiency. However, the poor perovskite wetting on the Me-4PACz caused by poor perovskite ink interaction with the underlying Me-4PACz presents significant challenges for fabricating efficient perovskite devices. A triple co-solvent system comprising of dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is employed to improve the perovskite ink-substrate interaction and obtain a uniform perovskite layer. In comparison to DMF, DMSO-based inks, the inclusion of NMP shows considerably higher binding energies of the perovskite ink with Me-4PACz as revealed by density-functional theory calculations. With the optimized triple co-solvent ratio, the perovskite devices deliver high power conversion efficiencies of >20%, 19.5% and ~18.5% for active areas of 0.16 cm2, 0.72 cm2 and 1.08 cm2 respectively. Importantly, this perovskite ink-substrate interaction approach is universal and helps in obtaining a uniform layer and high photovoltaic device performance for other perovskite compositions such as MAPbI3, FAMAPbI3-xBrx, and MA-free FACsPbI3-xBrx.
    Keywords Physics - Applied Physics ; Condensed Matter - Materials Science
    Subject code 600
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Sonochemical synthesis of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanoparticles from liquid trisilane at ambient temperature and pressure.

    Cádiz Bedini, Andrew P / Klingebiel, Benjamin / Luysberg, Martina / Carius, Reinhard

    Ultrasonics sonochemistry

    2017  Volume 39, Page(s) 883–888

    Abstract: Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) are increasing in relevance in diverse fields of scientific and nanotechnological inquiry, where currently some of the most important areas of research involve energy storage and biomedical applications. The present article ...

    Abstract Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) are increasing in relevance in diverse fields of scientific and nanotechnological inquiry, where currently some of the most important areas of research involve energy storage and biomedical applications. The present article is concerned with a curious and scalable method for the preparation of discrete, unoxidized, hydrogenated, and amorphous Si-NPs of tunable size in the range of 1.5-50nm. Using ultrasound generated with a conventional ultrasonic horn, the "fusion" of Si-NPs is demonstrated at ambient temperature and pressure by sonicating solutions containing readily available, semiconductor-grade purity trisilane (Si
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1208333-1
    ISSN 1873-2828 ; 1350-4177
    ISSN (online) 1873-2828
    ISSN 1350-4177
    DOI 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Photothermally induced microchemical functionalization of organic monolayers.

    Klingebiel, Benjamin / Schröter, Anja / Franzka, Steffen / Hartmann, Nils

    Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry

    2009  Volume 10, Issue 12, Page(s) 2000–2003

    MeSH term(s) Gold/chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Organic Chemicals/chemistry ; Photochemical Processes ; Surface Properties ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances Organic Chemicals ; Gold (7440-57-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-08-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1439-7641
    ISSN (online) 1439-7641
    DOI 10.1002/cphc.200900278
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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