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Book ; Thesis: Expression Hypoxie-induzierbarer metabolischer Faktoren in der humanen Plazenta in vivo unter akuter und chronischer Hypoxie

Klingmüller, Karin

2008

Author's details	vorgelegt von Karin Klingmüller
Language	German
Size	70 Bl., Ill., graph. Darst.
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Erlangen, Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2008
HBZ-ID	HT016127365
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Conference proceedings ; Online: The relevance of Rossby wave breaking for precipitation in world's arid regions

De Vries, A. / Armon, M. / Klingmüller, K. / Portmann, R. / Domeisen, D.

XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

2023

Abstract: Precipitation in arid regions can have large societal impacts. On the one hand, when rainfall comes in high intensities, it can lead to deadly floods. On the other hand, precipitation can also refill freshwater resources that are typically scarce in ... ...

Abstract	Precipitation in arid regions can have large societal impacts. On the one hand, when rainfall comes in high intensities, it can lead to deadly floods. On the other hand, precipitation can also refill freshwater resources that are typically scarce in these dry regions. Atmospheric processes that can lead to precipitation in arid regions are often studied at the regional scale and remain poorly understood from a global perspective. In this study, we identify Rossby wave breaking based on the combination of potential vorticity streamers and cutoffs in ERA5 reanalysis data, and we quantify the contribution of this atmospheric process to precipitation at the global scale using different datasets. Rossby wave breaking significantly contributes to 80-90% of daily precipitation extremes and to 70-80% of total precipitation amounts in arid regions equatorward and downstream of the midlatitude storm tracks. Portions of land surface area where Rossby wave breaking significantly contributes to precipitation increases from 10-25% in humid regions to about 50% in regions with a hyper arid climate. In subtropical arid regions, Rossby wave breaking contributes to much of the precipitation during the transition seasons and winter, whereas extratropical arid regions receive precipitation under the influence of Rossby wave breaking throughout the year. This study shows that Rossby wave breaking is a key driver of precipitation in arid regions, offering new opportunities to improve medium-range prediction of flood hazards and to better understand the role of atmospheric dynamics in projections and uncertainties of future precipitation changes in climate model simulations.
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study.

Lelieveld, Jos / Haines, Andy / Burnett, Richard / Tonne, Cathryn / Klingmüller, Klaus / Münzel, Thomas / Pozzer, Andrea

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2023 Volume 383, Page(s) e077784

Abstract: Objectives: To estimate all cause and cause specific deaths that are attributable to fossil fuel related air pollution and to assess potential health benefits from policies that replace fossil fuels with clean, renewable energy sources.: Design: ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To estimate all cause and cause specific deaths that are attributable to fossil fuel related air pollution and to assess potential health benefits from policies that replace fossil fuels with clean, renewable energy sources. Design: Observational and modelling study. Methods: An updated atmospheric composition model, a newly developed relative risk model, and satellite based data were used to determine exposure to ambient air pollution, estimate all cause and disease specific mortality, and attribute them to emission categories. Data sources: Data from the global burden of disease 2019 study, observational fine particulate matter and population data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) satellites, and atmospheric chemistry, aerosol, and relative risk modelling for 2019. Results: Globally, all cause excess deaths due to fine particulate and ozone air pollution are estimated at 8.34 million (95% confidence interval 5.63 to 11.19) deaths per year. Most (52%) of the mortality burden is related to cardiometabolic conditions, particularly ischaemic heart disease (30%). Stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease both account for 16% of mortality burden. About 20% of all cause mortality is undefined, with arterial hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases possibly implicated. An estimated 5.13 million (3.63 to 6.32) excess deaths per year globally are attributable to ambient air pollution from fossil fuel use and therefore could potentially be avoided by phasing out fossil fuels. This figure corresponds to 82% of the maximum number of air pollution deaths that could be averted by controlling all anthropogenic emissions. Smaller reductions, rather than a complete phase-out, indicate that the responses are not strongly non-linear. Reductions in emission related to fossil fuels at all levels of air pollution can decrease the number of attributable deaths substantially. Estimates of avoidable excess deaths are markedly higher in this study than most previous studies for these reasons: the new relative risk model has implications for high income (largely fossil fuel intensive) countries and for low and middle income countries where the use of fossil fuels is increasing; this study accounts for all cause mortality in addition to disease specific mortality; and the large reduction in air pollution from a fossil fuel phase-out can greatly reduce exposure. Conclusion: Phasing out fossil fuels is deemed to be an effective intervention to improve health and save lives as part the United Nations' goal of climate neutrality by 2050. Ambient air pollution would no longer be a leading, environmental health risk factor if the use of fossil fuels were superseded by equitable access to clean sources of renewable energy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fossil Fuels/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Ozone/adverse effects ; Ozone/analysis ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Income ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/analysis
Chemical Substances	Fossil Fuels ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj-2023-077784
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Ua VI Zs.10: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate.

Lelieveld, J / Klingmüller, K / Pozzer, A / Burnett, R T / Haines, A / Ramanathan, V

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2019 Volume 116, Issue 15, Page(s) 7192–7197

Abstract: Anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols are associated with climate change and human health risks. We used a global model to estimate the climate and public health outcomes attributable to fossil fuel use, indicating the potential benefits of a ... ...

Abstract	Anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols are associated with climate change and human health risks. We used a global model to estimate the climate and public health outcomes attributable to fossil fuel use, indicating the potential benefits of a phaseout. We show that it can avoid an excess mortality rate of 3.61 (2.96-4.21) million per year from outdoor air pollution worldwide. This could be up to 5.55 (4.52-6.52) million per year by additionally controlling nonfossil anthropogenic sources. Globally, fossil-fuel-related emissions account for about 65% of the excess mortality, and 70% of the climate cooling by anthropogenic aerosols. The chemical influence of air pollution on aeolian dust contributes to the aerosol cooling. Because aerosols affect the hydrologic cycle, removing the anthropogenic emissions in the model increases rainfall by 10-70% over densely populated regions in India and 10-30% over northern China, and by 10-40% over Central America, West Africa, and the drought-prone Sahel, thus contributing to water and food security. Since aerosols mask the anthropogenic rise in global temperature, removing fossil-fuel-generated particles liberates 0.51(±0.03) °C and all pollution particles 0.73(±0.03) °C warming, reaching around 2 °C over North America and Northeast Asia. The steep temperature increase from removing aerosols can be moderated to about 0.36(±0.06) °C globally by the simultaneous reduction of tropospheric ozone and methane. We conclude that a rapid phaseout of fossil-fuel-related emissions and major reductions of other anthropogenic sources are needed to save millions of lives, restore aerosol-perturbed rainfall patterns, and limit global warming to 2 °C.
MeSH term(s)	Asia ; Climate Change ; Fossil Fuels/adverse effects ; Greenhouse Gases/adverse effects ; Humans ; Mortality ; North America ; Public Health
Chemical Substances	Fossil Fuels ; Greenhouse Gases
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1819989116
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Zs.A 1148: Show issues

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Book ; Online: Sensitivity of aerosol radiative effects to different mixing assumptions in the AEROPT 1.0 submodel of the EMAC atmospheric-chemistry–climate model

Klingmüller, K. / Steil, B. / Brühl, C. / Tost, H. / Lelieveld, J.

eISSN: 1991-9603

2018

Abstract: The modelling of aerosol radiative forcing is a major cause of uncertainty in the assessment of global and regional atmospheric energy budgets and climate change. One reason is the strong dependence of the aerosol optical properties on the mixing state ... ...

Abstract	The modelling of aerosol radiative forcing is a major cause of uncertainty in the assessment of global and regional atmospheric energy budgets and climate change. One reason is the strong dependence of the aerosol optical properties on the mixing state of aerosol components, such as absorbing black carbon and, predominantly scattering sulfates. Using a new column version of the aerosol optical properties and radiative-transfer code of the ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric-chemistry–climate model (EMAC), we study the radiative transfer applying various mixing states. The aerosol optics code builds on the AEROPT (AERosol OPTical properties) submodel, which assumes homogeneous internal mixing utilising the volume average refractive index mixing rule. We have extended the submodel to additionally account for external mixing, partial external mixing and multilayered particles. Furthermore, we have implemented the volume average dielectric constant and Maxwell Garnett mixing rule. We performed regional case studies considering columns over China, India and Africa, corroborating much stronger absorption by internal than external mixtures. Well-mixed aerosol is a good approximation for particles with a black-carbon core, whereas particles with black carbon at the surface absorb significantly less. Based on a model simulation for the year 2005, we calculate that the global aerosol direct radiative forcing for homogeneous internal mixing differs from that for external mixing by about 0.5 W m −2 .
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Metal-rich stars are less suitable for the evolution of life on their planets.

Shapiro, Anna V / Brühl, Christoph / Klingmüller, Klaus / Steil, Benedikt / Shapiro, Alexander I / Witzke, Veronika / Kostogryz, Nadiia / Gizon, Laurent / Solanki, Sami K / Lelieveld, Jos

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 1893

Abstract: Atmospheric ozone and oxygen protect the terrestrial biosphere against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we model atmospheres of Earth-like planets hosted by stars with near-solar effective temperatures (5300 to 6300 K) and a broad range of ... ...

Abstract	Atmospheric ozone and oxygen protect the terrestrial biosphere against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we model atmospheres of Earth-like planets hosted by stars with near-solar effective temperatures (5300 to 6300 K) and a broad range of metallicities covering known exoplanet host stars. We show that paradoxically, although metal-rich stars emit substantially less ultraviolet radiation than metal-poor stars, the surface of their planets is exposed to more intense ultraviolet radiation. For the stellar types considered, metallicity has a larger impact than stellar temperature. During the evolution of the universe, newly formed stars have progressively become more metal-rich, exposing organisms to increasingly intense ultraviolet radiation. Our findings imply that planets hosted by stars with low metallicity are the best targets to search for complex life on land.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-37195-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Global health burden of ambient PM

Chowdhury, Sourangsu / Pozzer, Andrea / Haines, Andy / Klingmüller, Klaus / Münzel, Thomas / Paasonen, Pauli / Sharma, Arushi / Venkataraman, Chandra / Lelieveld, Jos

Environment international

2021 Volume 159, Page(s) 107020

Abstract: Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter ( ... ...

Abstract	Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/toxicity ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Carbon ; Environmental Monitoring ; Global Health ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Particulate Matter/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2021.107020
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Zs.A 3131: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular disease burden from ambient air pollution in Europe reassessed using novel hazard ratio functions.

Lelieveld, Jos / Klingmüller, Klaus / Pozzer, Andrea / Pöschl, Ulrich / Fnais, Mohammed / Daiber, Andreas / Münzel, Thomas

European heart journal

2019 Volume 40, Issue 20, Page(s) 1590–1596

Abstract: Aims: Ambient air pollution is a major health risk, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. A recent Global Exposure Mortality Model, based on an unmatched number of cohort studies in many countries, provides new hazard ratio functions, ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Ambient air pollution is a major health risk, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. A recent Global Exposure Mortality Model, based on an unmatched number of cohort studies in many countries, provides new hazard ratio functions, calling for re-evaluation of the disease burden. Accordingly, we estimated excess cardiovascular mortality attributed to air pollution in Europe. Methods and results: The new hazard ratio functions have been combined with ambient air pollution exposure data to estimate the impacts in Europe and the 28 countries of the European Union (EU-28). The annual excess mortality rate from ambient air pollution in Europe is 790 000 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 645 000-934 000], and 659 000 (95% CI 537 000-775 000) in the EU-28. Between 40% and 80% are due to cardiovascular events, which dominate health outcomes. The upper limit includes events attributed to other non-communicable diseases, which are currently not specified. These estimates exceed recent analyses, such as the Global Burden of Disease for 2015, by more than a factor of two. We estimate that air pollution reduces the mean life expectancy in Europe by about 2.2 years with an annual, attributable per capita mortality rate in Europe of 133/100 000 per year. Conclusion: We provide new data based on novel hazard ratio functions suggesting that the health impacts attributable to ambient air pollution in Europe are substantially higher than previously assumed, though subject to considerable uncertainty. Our results imply that replacing fossil fuels by clean, renewable energy sources could substantially reduce the loss of life expectancy from air pollution.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Europe ; Humans ; Proportional Hazards Models
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603098-1
ISSN	1522-9645 ; 0195-668X
ISSN (online)	1522-9645
ISSN	0195-668X
DOI	10.1093/eurheartj/ehz135
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Zs.A 1563: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 640: Show issues

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Book ; Thesis: Worldline approach to Casimir effect and Gross-Neveu model

Klingmüller, Klaus

2007

Author's details	[presented by Klaus Klingmüller]
Language	English
Size	IV, 110 S., Ill., graph. Darst., 30 cm
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Univ., Diss--Heidelberg, 2007
Note	Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Book ; Online: Direct radiative effect of dust–pollution interactions

Klingmüller, Klaus / Lelieveld, Jos / Karydis, Vlassis A. / Stenchikov, Georgiy L.

eISSN: 1680-7324

2019

Abstract: The chemical ageing of aeolian dust, through interactions with air pollution, affects the optical and hygroscopic properties of the mineral particles and hence their atmospheric residence time and climate forcing. Conversely, the chemical composition of ... ...

Abstract	The chemical ageing of aeolian dust, through interactions with air pollution, affects the optical and hygroscopic properties of the mineral particles and hence their atmospheric residence time and climate forcing. Conversely, the chemical composition of the dust particles and their role as coagulation partners impact the abundance of particulate air pollution. This results in a change in the aerosol direct radiative effect that we interpret as an anthropogenic radiative forcing associated with mineral dust–pollution interactions. Using the ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry climate model (EMAC), which combines the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) with the European Centre Hamburg (ECHAM) climate model, including a detailed parametrisation of ageing processes and an emission scheme accounting for the chemical composition of desert soils, we study the direct radiative forcing globally and regionally, considering solar and terrestrial radiation. Our results indicate positive and negative forcings, depending on the region. The predominantly negative forcing at the top of the atmosphere over large parts of the dust belt, from West Africa to East Asia, attains a maximum of about −2 W m −2 south of the Sahel, in contrast to a positive forcing over India. Globally averaged, these forcings partially counterbalance, resulting in a net negative forcing of −0.05 W m −2 , which nevertheless represents a considerable fraction (40 %) of the total dust forcing.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-04
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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