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  1. Article ; Online: Determination, induction and pattern formation in early amphibian embryos.

    Tiedemann, Heinz / Asashima, Makoto / Born, Jochen / Grunz, Horst / Knöchel, Walter / Tiedemann, Hildegard

    Development, growth & differentiation

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–246

    Abstract: Determination (inducing) factors, the extracellular matrix, signaling pathways, transcription factors and genes interact in pattern formation and neural induction. Genes can either be activated or repressed. The animalvegetal and dorso-ventral polarities ...

    Abstract Determination (inducing) factors, the extracellular matrix, signaling pathways, transcription factors and genes interact in pattern formation and neural induction. Genes can either be activated or repressed. The animalvegetal and dorso-ventral polarities are determined in very early developmental stages. Factors of the TGF-β superfamily in a graded distribution are involved in the determination of endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. The differentiation of mesoderm also depends on the animal ectoderm. Neural inducing factors have been partially purified.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 280433-5
    ISSN 1440-169X ; 0012-1592
    ISSN (online) 1440-169X
    ISSN 0012-1592
    DOI 10.1046/j.1440-169X.1996.t01-2-00002.x
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  2. Article: Cloning of cDNA sequences derived from poly(A)

    Knöchel, Walter / Bladauski, Dieter

    Wilhelm Roux's archives of developmental biology

    2017  Volume 190, Issue 2, Page(s) 97–102

    Abstract: Nuclear poly(A) ...

    Abstract Nuclear poly(A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191268-9
    ISSN 0340-0794
    ISSN 0340-0794
    DOI 10.1007/BF00848402
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  3. Article: A comparison of sequence complexity of nuclear and polysomal poly(A)

    Knöchel, Walter / Bladauski, Dieter

    Wilhelm Roux's archives of developmental biology

    2017  Volume 188, Issue 3, Page(s) 187–193

    Abstract: Nuclear poly(A) ...

    Abstract Nuclear poly(A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191268-9
    ISSN 0340-0794
    ISSN 0340-0794
    DOI 10.1007/BF00849047
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  4. Article: Characterization of repetitive DNA transcripts isolated from a Xenopus laevis gastrula-stage cDNA clone bank.

    Meyerhof, Wolfgang / Korge, Elke / Knöchel, Walter

    Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO

    2017  Volume 196, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–29

    Abstract: By screening a cDNA library prepared from polyadenylated nuclear RNA of Xenopus laevis gastrula-stage embryos with total genomic DNA we have identified nine clones belonging to seven different families of repeated DNA. Two of these families exhibit ... ...

    Abstract By screening a cDNA library prepared from polyadenylated nuclear RNA of Xenopus laevis gastrula-stage embryos with total genomic DNA we have identified nine clones belonging to seven different families of repeated DNA. Two of these families exhibit partial sequence homologies and thus probably represent subfamilies of a common origin. The individual families comprise between 0.024% and 1.5% and, in total, about 2% of the X. laevis genome. Six of the clones elements represent dispersed repetitive DNA families; the seventh is mainly organized in a tandem fashion. Transcripts containing one type of repeat do not appear before the blastula stage and then accumulate in the course of development; however, the others can be detected within the unfertilized egg and their amount remains fairly constant throughout embryogenesis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 14096-x
    ISSN 0930-035X ; 0340-0794
    ISSN 0930-035X ; 0340-0794
    DOI 10.1007/BF00376019
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  5. Article: Transcription patterns of four different fork head/HNF-3 related genes (XFD-4, 6, 9 and 10) in Xenopus laevis embryos.

    Scheucher, Michaela / Dege, Petra / Lef, Jutta / Hille, Sigurd / Knöchel, Walter

    Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO

    2017  Volume 204, Issue 3, Page(s) 203–211

    Abstract: We have isolated and sequenced four different members of the Xenopus fork head domain related multigene family (XFD-4, 6, 9 and 10). These genes show a high degree of sequence conservation inside the evolutionary conserved fork head domain but they ... ...

    Abstract We have isolated and sequenced four different members of the Xenopus fork head domain related multigene family (XFD-4, 6, 9 and 10). These genes show a high degree of sequence conservation inside the evolutionary conserved fork head domain but they completely diverge outside this region. All four XFD genes are transcribed during embryogenesis but they are activated at different developmental stages. To investigate the localisation of transcripts we performed whole mount in situ hybridizations. We detected XFD-4 transcripts in somitogenic mesoderm, pronephros, pronephric duct, heart and the tip of the tail. XFD-6 transcripts were confined to migrating neural crest cells originating from the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. Transcriptional activity of XFD-9 was observed in the region of rotating somites and the posterior part of the pronephric duct. XFD-10 transcripts were detected in lateral cell stripes located at the hyoid and the anterior branchial arches.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 14096-x
    ISSN 0930-035X ; 0340-0794
    ISSN 0930-035X ; 0340-0794
    DOI 10.1007/BF00241274
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  6. Article: Fission yeast tmsl protein abrogates normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos.

    Wagner, Peter / Hoever, Michael / Appel, Katrin / Knöchel, Walter / Montenarh, Mathias

    Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO

    2017  Volume 204, Issue 3, Page(s) 198–202

    Abstract: Recently we cloned tms1 (a putative dehydrogenase) by complementation of a human tumour-derived mutant p53 induced growth arrest in fission yeast. Microinjection of purified tmsl protein into Xenopus laevis embryos abrogated normal embryo development by ... ...

    Abstract Recently we cloned tms1 (a putative dehydrogenase) by complementation of a human tumour-derived mutant p53 induced growth arrest in fission yeast. Microinjection of purified tmsl protein into Xenopus laevis embryos abrogated normal embryo development by causing cleavage retardation or cleavage arrest of injected blastomeres in a concentration dependant manner, whereas injection of specific affinity purified tms1 antiserum showed no significant morphological defects. Microinjection of tms1 protein together with affinity purified tms1 antibody resulted in a significantly reduced number of cleavage arrested embryos.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 14096-x
    ISSN 0930-035X ; 0340-0794
    ISSN 0930-035X ; 0340-0794
    DOI 10.1007/BF00241273
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  7. Article: Repetitive sequences associated with polyadenylated RNA of Xenopus laevis embryos.

    Meyerhof, Wolfgang / John, Maliyakal E / Thomaschek, Gudrun / Knöchel, Walter

    Wilhelm Roux's archives of developmental biology

    2017  Volume 191, Issue 6, Page(s) 366–370

    Abstract: Electron microscopy revealed that transcripts of complementary repetitive sequence elements are widely distributed among long poly (A) containing RNA molecules of Xenopus laevis. cDNA/RNA hybridization experiments suggest that many of these ... ...

    Abstract Electron microscopy revealed that transcripts of complementary repetitive sequence elements are widely distributed among long poly (A) containing RNA molecules of Xenopus laevis. cDNA/RNA hybridization experiments suggest that many of these polyadenylated transcripts carry protein coding sequences which are interrupted by repetitive elements. Our in-vitro translation experiments indicate that removal of repetitive elements must precede the utilization of protein coding sequences associated with them. Thus processing of maternal transcripts may be of significance in the regulation of gene expression during early development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191268-9
    ISSN 0340-0794
    ISSN 0340-0794
    DOI 10.1007/BF00879625
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  8. Article: Of Fox and Frogs: Fox (fork head/winged helix) transcription factors in Xenopus development.

    Pohl, Barbara S / Knöchel, Walter

    Gene

    2005  Volume 344, Page(s) 21–32

    Abstract: Transcription factors of the Fox (fork head box) family have been found in all metazoan organisms. They are characterised by an evolutionary conserved DNA-binding domain of winged helix structure. In the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, more ... ...

    Abstract Transcription factors of the Fox (fork head box) family have been found in all metazoan organisms. They are characterised by an evolutionary conserved DNA-binding domain of winged helix structure. In the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, more than 30 Fox genes have been found so far. This review summarises our present knowledge regarding the general structure and common features of the fork head box and will then characterise Fox genes that have been described in Xenopus. Special attention was paid to the temporal and spatial expression patterns during early embryonic development. For some of these genes, the molecular mechanisms leading to their regulation after the onset of zygotic transcription are known. We also report on functional aspects including target gene regulation, cell or tissue specification and interference with the cell cycle. Finally, Fox proteins serve as mediators of signalling pathways and they might function as checkpoint molecules for the cross-regulatory interactions of different intracellular signal transduction chains.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Xenopus/embryology ; Xenopus/genetics ; Xenopus/growth & development ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances DNA-Binding Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; Xenopus Proteins ; fkh protein, Xenopus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-01-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391792-7
    ISSN 1879-0038 ; 0378-1119
    ISSN (online) 1879-0038
    ISSN 0378-1119
    DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2004.09.037
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  9. Article: Isolation and developmental expression of Xenopus FoxJ1 and FoxK1.

    Pohl, Barbara S / Knöchel, Walter

    Development genes and evolution

    2004  Volume 214, Issue 4, Page(s) 200–205

    Abstract: xFoxJ1 and xFoxK1, two novel members of the fork head/winged helix family of transcription factors in Xenopus, have been identified by sequence homology to their mammalian orthologues. We here report the complete amino acid sequences of xFoxJ1, its ... ...

    Abstract xFoxJ1 and xFoxK1, two novel members of the fork head/winged helix family of transcription factors in Xenopus, have been identified by sequence homology to their mammalian orthologues. We here report the complete amino acid sequences of xFoxJ1, its pseudo-allelic version xFoxJ1', and of xFoxK1, the latter also comprising a fork-head-associated (FHA) domain. We have further analysed the temporal and spatial expression of both genes. xFoxJ1 transcripts were detected during gastrulation in the dorsal blastopore lip and in the animal half. A predominant feature of xFoxJ1 expression until the tailbud stage is its spotty pattern within the epidermis. xFoxK1 is maternally expressed and localized within the animal half during early cleavage stages. Zygotic transcription starts during neurulation and is initially restricted to neuroectoderm. As development proceeds, xFoxK1 is expressed in ectoderm- and mesoderm-derived tissues, like the branchial arches, brain, eye, otic vesicle, pronephros, somites and abdominal muscle precursors.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Trans-Activators/genetics ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics ; Xenopus Proteins/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis/embryology ; Xenopus laevis/genetics ; Xenopus laevis/growth & development ; Xenopus laevis/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; FOXJ1 protein, Xenopus ; FOXK1 protein, Xenopus ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; RNA, Messenger ; Trans-Activators ; Xenopus Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1327962-2
    ISSN 1432-041X ; 0949-944X
    ISSN (online) 1432-041X
    ISSN 0949-944X
    DOI 10.1007/s00427-004-0391-7
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  10. Article ; Online: Vertical signalling involves transmission of Hox information from gastrula mesoderm to neurectoderm.

    Bardine, Nabila / Lamers, Gerda / Wacker, Stephan / Donow, Cornelia / Knoechel, Walter / Durston, Antony

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) e115208

    Abstract: Development and patterning of neural tissue in the vertebrate embryo involves a set of molecules and processes whose relationships are not fully understood. Classical embryology revealed a remarkable phenomenon known as vertical signalling, a ... ...

    Abstract Development and patterning of neural tissue in the vertebrate embryo involves a set of molecules and processes whose relationships are not fully understood. Classical embryology revealed a remarkable phenomenon known as vertical signalling, a gastrulation stage mechanism that copies anterior-posterior positional information from mesoderm to prospective neural tissue. Vertical signalling mediates unambiguous copying of complex information from one tissue layer to another. In this study, we report an investigation of this process in recombinates of mesoderm and ectoderm from gastrulae of Xenopus laevis. Our results show that copying of positional information involves non cell autonomous autoregulation of particular Hox genes whose expression is copied from mesoderm to neurectoderm in the gastrula. Furthermore, this information sharing mechanism involves unconventional translocation of the homeoproteins themselves. This conserved primitive mechanism has been known for three decades but has only recently been put into any developmental context. It provides a simple, robust way to pattern the neurectoderm using the Hox pattern already present in the mesoderm during gastrulation. We suggest that this mechanism was selected during evolution to enable unambiguous copying of rather complex information from cell to cell and that it is a key part of the original ancestral mechanism mediating axial patterning by the highly conserved Hox genes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/physiology ; Cell Communication/physiology ; DNA Primers/genetics ; Drosophila ; Gastrula/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Imaginal Discs/growth & development ; Mesoderm/physiology ; Neural Plate/physiology ; Phalloidine ; Xenopus laevis/embryology
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Phalloidine (17466-45-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0115208
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