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Article ; Online: How my broken elbow made the ableism of computer programming personal.

Ko, Amy

2023

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	News
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/d41586-023-02885-y
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Book ; Online: AI Friends

Druga, Stefania / Ko, Amy J.

A Design Framework for AI-Powered Creative Programming for Youth

2023

Abstract: What role can AI play in supporting and constraining creative coding by families? To investigate these questions, we built a Wizard of Oz platform to help families engage in creative coding in partnership with a researcher-operated AI Friend. We designed ...

Abstract	What role can AI play in supporting and constraining creative coding by families? To investigate these questions, we built a Wizard of Oz platform to help families engage in creative coding in partnership with a researcher-operated AI Friend. We designed a 3 week series of programming activities with ten children, 7 to 12 years old, and nine parents. Using a creative self efficacy lens, we observe that families found it easier to generate game ideas when prompted with questions by AI Friend; parents played a unique role in guiding children in more complex programming tasks when the AI Friend failed to help, and children were more encouraged to write code for novel ideas using the AI friend help. These findings suggest that AI supported platforms should highlight unique family AI interactions focused on children's agency and creative self-efficacy. Comment: 18 pages
Keywords	Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Publishing date	2023-05-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Joint Estimation of Pedigrees and Effective Population Size Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo.

Ko, Amy / Nielsen, Rasmus

Genetics

2019 Volume 212, Issue 3, Page(s) 855–868

Abstract: Pedigrees provide the genealogical relationships among individuals at a fine resolution and serve an important function in many areas of genetic studies. One such use of pedigree information is in the estimation of the short-term effective population ... ...

Abstract	Pedigrees provide the genealogical relationships among individuals at a fine resolution and serve an important function in many areas of genetic studies. One such use of pedigree information is in the estimation of the short-term effective population size [Formula: see text], which is of great relevance in fields such as conservation genetics. Despite the usefulness of pedigrees, however, they are often an unknown parameter and must be inferred from genetic data. In this study, we present a Bayesian method to jointly estimate pedigrees and [Formula: see text] from genetic markers using Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Our method supports analysis of a large number of markers and individuals within a single generation with the use of a composite likelihood, which significantly increases computational efficiency. We show, on simulated data, that our method is able to jointly estimate relationships up to first cousins and [Formula: see text] with high accuracy. We also apply the method on a real dataset of house sparrows to reconstruct their previously unreported pedigree.
MeSH term(s)	Bayes Theorem ; Female ; Genetics, Population/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Markov Chains ; Models, Genetic ; Pedigree ; Population/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2167-2
ISSN	1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
ISSN (online)	1943-2631
ISSN	0016-6731
DOI	10.1534/genetics.119.302280
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Article ; Online: Promising Directions: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial and Behavioral Interventions with Cultural Incorporation for Advanced and Metastatic Cancer.

Llave, Karen / Cheng, Karli K / Ko, Amy / Pham, Annie / Ericson, Marissa / Campos, Belinda / Perez-Gilbe, Hector R / Kim, Jacqueline H J

International journal of behavioral medicine

2024

Abstract: Background: Improving quality of life (QOL) in advanced and metastatic cancer is a priority with increasing survivorship. This systematic review synthesizes psychosocial and behavioral interventions incorporating culture with the goal of examining their ...

Abstract	Background: Improving quality of life (QOL) in advanced and metastatic cancer is a priority with increasing survivorship. This systematic review synthesizes psychosocial and behavioral interventions incorporating culture with the goal of examining their benefit for understudied and medically underserved populations with advanced and metastatic cancer. Method: Reports were systematically screened for (1) a focus on advanced and metastatic cancer survivors, (2) psychosocial or behavioral intervention intended to improve QOL, (3) evidence of incorporating the culture(s) of understudied/underserved populations, and (4) availability in English. Bias was evaluated using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and the Methodological index for non-randomized studies. Qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta-analyses were completed. Results: Eighty-six reports containing 5981 participants' data were examined. Qualitative synthesis of 23 studies identified four overarching themes relevant for incorporating culture in interventions. Meta-analysis of 19 RCTs and 4 quasi-experimental studies containing considerable heterogeneity indicated greater improvements in QOL (g = 0.84), eudaimonic well-being (g = 0.53), distress (g = -0.49), and anxiety (g = -0.37) for main intervention conditions compared to controls. Meta-analysis of 10 single-arm trials containing minimal to moderate heterogeneity found benefit for anxiety (g = -0.54), physical symptoms (g = -0.39), and depression (g = -0.38). Conclusion: Psychosocial and behavioral interventions with cultural incorporation appear beneficial for improving QOL-related outcomes in advanced and metastatic cancer. Studies incorporating culture in psychosocial or behavioral interventions offer noteworthy insight and suggestions for future efforts such as attending to deep cultural structure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1187972-5
ISSN	1532-7558 ; 1070-5503
ISSN (online)	1532-7558
ISSN	1070-5503
DOI	10.1007/s12529-024-10264-8
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Article ; Online: Supportive Care Needs in Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans With Metastatic Cancer: Mixed Methods Protocol for the DAWN Study.

Kim, Jacqueline H J / Kagawa Singer, Marjorie / Bang, Lisa / Ko, Amy / Nguyen, Becky / Chen Stokes, Sandy / Lu, Qian / Stanton, Annette L

JMIR research protocols

2024 Volume 13, Page(s) e50032

Abstract: Background: Asian Americans with metastatic cancer are an understudied population. The Describing Asian American Well-Being and Needs in Cancer (DAWN) Study was designed to understand the supportive care needs of Chinese-, Vietnamese-, and Korean- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Asian Americans with metastatic cancer are an understudied population. The Describing Asian American Well-Being and Needs in Cancer (DAWN) Study was designed to understand the supportive care needs of Chinese-, Vietnamese-, and Korean-descent (CVK) patients with metastatic cancer. Objective: This study aims to present the DAWN Study protocol involving a primarily qualitative, convergent, mixed methods study from multiple perspectives (patients or survivors, caregivers, and health care professionals). Methods: CVK Americans diagnosed with solid-tumor metastatic cancer and their caregivers were recruited nationwide through various means (registries, community outreach newsletters, newspapers, radio advertisements, etc). Potentially eligible individuals were screened and consented on the web or through a phone interview. The study survey and interview for patients or survivors and caregivers were provided in English, traditional/simplified Chinese and Cantonese/Mandarin, Vietnamese, and Korean, and examined factors related to facing metastatic cancer, including quality of life, cultural values, coping, and cancer-related symptoms. Community-based organizations assisted in recruiting participants, developing and translating study materials, and connecting the team to individuals for conducting interviews in Asian languages. Health care professionals who have experience working with CVK patients or survivors with metastatic solid cancer were recruited through referrals from the DAWN Study community advisory board and were interviewed to understand unmet supportive care needs. Results: Recruitment began in November 2020; data collection was completed in October 2022. A total of 66 patients or survivors, 13 caregivers, and 15 health care professionals completed all portions of the study. We completed data management in December 2023 and will submit results for patients or survivors and caregivers to publication outlets in 2024. Conclusions: Future findings related to this protocol will describe and understand the supportive care needs of CVK patients or survivors with metastatic cancer and will help develop culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions that target known predictors of unmet supportive care needs in Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans with metastatic cancer. International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/50032.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Asian/psychology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Neoplasms/psychology ; Male ; Female ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Caregivers/psychology ; Needs Assessment ; Vietnam/ethnology ; Adult ; China/ethnology ; Quality of Life ; Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Southeast Asian People ; East Asian People
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2719222-2
ISSN	1929-0748 ; 1929-0748
ISSN (online)	1929-0748
ISSN	1929-0748
DOI	10.2196/50032
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Article ; Online: Composite likelihood method for inferring local pedigrees.

Ko, Amy / Nielsen, Rasmus

PLoS genetics

2017 Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) e1006963

Abstract: Pedigrees contain information about the genealogical relationships among individuals and are of fundamental importance in many areas of genetic studies. However, pedigrees are often unknown and must be inferred from genetic data. Despite the importance ... ...

Abstract	Pedigrees contain information about the genealogical relationships among individuals and are of fundamental importance in many areas of genetic studies. However, pedigrees are often unknown and must be inferred from genetic data. Despite the importance of pedigree inference, existing methods are limited to inferring only close relationships or analyzing a small number of individuals or loci. We present a simulated annealing method for estimating pedigrees in large samples of otherwise seemingly unrelated individuals using genome-wide SNP data. The method supports complex pedigree structures such as polygamous families, multi-generational families, and pedigrees in which many of the member individuals are missing. Computational speed is greatly enhanced by the use of a composite likelihood function which approximates the full likelihood. We validate our method on simulated data and show that it can infer distant relatives more accurately than existing methods. Furthermore, we illustrate the utility of the method on a sample of Greenlandic Inuit.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genotype ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Genetic ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2186725-2
ISSN	1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
ISSN (online)	1553-7404
ISSN	1553-7390
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgen.1006963
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Book ; Online: A Qualitative Study on the Implementation Design Decisions of Developers

Liang, Jenny T. / Arab, Maryam / Ko, Minhyuk / Ko, Amy J. / LaToza, Thomas D.

2023

Abstract: Decision-making is a key software engineering skill. Developers constantly make choices throughout the software development process, from requirements to implementation. While prior work has studied developer decision-making, the choices made while ... ...

Abstract	Decision-making is a key software engineering skill. Developers constantly make choices throughout the software development process, from requirements to implementation. While prior work has studied developer decision-making, the choices made while choosing what solution to write in code remain understudied. In this mixed-methods study, we examine the phenomenon where developers select one specific way to implement a behavior in code, given many potential alternatives. We call these decisions implementation design decisions. Our mixed-methods study includes 46 survey responses and 14 semi-structured interviews with professional developers about their decision types, considerations, processes, and expertise for implementation design decisions. We find that implementation design decisions, rather than being a natural outcome from higher levels of design, require constant monitoring of higher level design choices, such as requirements and architecture. We also show that developers have a consistent general structure to their implementation decision-making process, but no single process is exactly the same. We discuss the implications of our findings on research, education, and practice, including insights on teaching developers how to make implementation design decisions.
Keywords	Computer Science - Software Engineering
Subject code	005
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Utilizing the Four Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine as an intersectional framework for approaching sexual orientation and gender identity disclosure as a provider.

Counce, Timothy L / Ko, Amy / Martinez, Anthony D / Rivera, Jenna M / Browne, Carol / Solis, Linda

Journal of osteopathic medicine

2021 Volume 121, Issue 12, Page(s) 875–881

Abstract: The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and other (LGBTQI+) community continues to experience health inequity and unmet needs. This manuscript examines the application of the Four Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine (FTOM) during a patient's ...

Abstract	The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and other (LGBTQI+) community continues to experience health inequity and unmet needs. This manuscript examines the application of the Four Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine (FTOM) during a patient's self-disclosure of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity to the provider, also known as coming out. Tenet One discusses the interplay between intersectionality and coming out. Tenet Two elucidates how coming out moves toward a balance of homeostasis and self-healing. Tenet Three examines how structure and function can be understood on a personal level and how society influences coming out. Tenet Four explains the resources available to facilitate the previously forementioned changes. By applying the Four Tenets, the provider may more readily understand what "coming out" means on personal and social levels and what implications they may have on their patients' health.
MeSH term(s)	Disclosure ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Health Inequities ; Humans ; Intersectional Framework ; Male ; Osteopathic Medicine ; Sexual Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2702-3648
ISSN (online)	2702-3648
DOI	10.1515/jom-2020-0295
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Book ; Online: An Exploratory Study of Writing and Revising Explicit Programming Strategies

Arab, Maryam / LaToza, Thomas D / Ko, Amy J

2020

Abstract: Knowledge sharing plays a crucial role throughout all software application development activities. When programmers learn and share through media like Stack overflow, GitHub, Meetups, videos, discussion forums, wikis, and blogs, every developer benefits. ...

Abstract	Knowledge sharing plays a crucial role throughout all software application development activities. When programmers learn and share through media like Stack overflow, GitHub, Meetups, videos, discussion forums, wikis, and blogs, every developer benefits. However, there is one kind of knowledge that developers share far less often: strategic knowledge for how to approach programming problems (e.g., how to debug server-side Python errors, how to resolve a merge conflict, how to evaluate the stability of an API one is considering for adoption). In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of developers articulating and sharing their strategic knowledge, and the use of these strategies to support other developers in their problem-solving. We specifically investigate challenges that developers face in articulating strategies in a form in which other developers can use to increase their productivity. To observe this, we simulated a knowledge-sharing platform, asking experts to articulate one of their own strategies and then asked the second set of developers to try to use the strategies and provide feedback on the strategies to authors. During the study, we asked both strategy authors and users to reflect on the challenges they faced. In analyzing the strategies authors created, the use of the strategies, the feedback that users provided to authors, and the difficulties that authors faced addressing this feedback, we found that developers can share strategic knowledge, but authoring strategies require substantial feedback from diverse audiences to be helpful to programmers with varying prior knowledge. Our results also raise challenging questions about how future work should support searching and browsing for strategies that support varying prior knowledge.
Keywords	Computer Science - Software Engineering ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Subject code	020
Publishing date	2020-04-01
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Use of a digital contact tracing system in Singapore to mitigate COVID-19 spread.

Chow, Bryan W K / Lim, Yi Ding / Poh, Richard C H / Ko, Amy / Hong, Guo Hao / Zou, Steffen W L / Cheah, Joshua / Ho, Shaowei / Lee, Vernon J M / Ho, Marc Z J

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 2253

Abstract: Background: Contact tracing has been essential to reducing spread of COVID-19. Singapore leveraged technology to assist with contact tracing efforts using a Bluetooth-based app and token platform called 'TraceTogether'.: Methods: We reviewed the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Contact tracing has been essential to reducing spread of COVID-19. Singapore leveraged technology to assist with contact tracing efforts using a Bluetooth-based app and token platform called 'TraceTogether'. Methods: We reviewed the impact of this system during the country's Delta and Omicron waves (24 August 2021 to 17 February 2022) to identify differences in number of close contacts and time savings between full automation using TraceTogether alone as compared to manual contact tracing supplemented by TraceTogether. Characteristics of digital contact tracing app or token users were reviewed. Thereafter, the number of close contacts identified by manual and digital contact tracing methods, and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases among contacts were analysed. The difference in time taken for identification of close contacts was also determined. Findings: Adoption rate for TraceTogether was high, with 93.3% of cases having a registered device. There was a 9.8 h (34.9%) reduction in time savings for close contacts to be informed using TraceTogether alone compared to manual contact tracing supplemented by TraceTogether. The proportion of close contacts automatically identified through TraceTogether alone and turned positive was 3.6%. For those identified through manual contact tracing supplemented by TraceTogether, this proportion was 12.5% and 6.2% for those served quarantine orders and health risk warnings respectively. Interpretation: The high adoption rate of 'TraceTogether' suggest that digital solutions remain a promising option to improve contact tracing in future epidemics. This may have been through its concurrent use with vaccine differentiated public health measures and policies which engender public trust. There is future potential for utilising such technology in managing communicable diseases to achieve good public health outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Contact Tracing/methods ; Singapore/epidemiology ; Quarantine ; Public Health ; Mobile Applications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-17150-0
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