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  1. Article ; Online: Vitamin D deficiency in the critically ill.

    Koekkoek, W A C Kristine / van Zanten, Arthur R H

    Annals of medicine

    2016  Volume 48, Issue 5, Page(s) 301–304

    MeSH term(s) Critical Illness ; Humans ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1004226-x
    ISSN 1365-2060 ; 1651-2219 ; 0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
    ISSN (online) 1365-2060 ; 1651-2219
    ISSN 0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
    DOI 10.3109/07853890.2016.1162910
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Antioxidant Vitamins and Trace Elements in Critical Illness.

    Koekkoek, W A C Kristine / van Zanten, Arthur R H

    Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

    2016  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 457–474

    Abstract: This comprehensive narrative review summarizes relevant antioxidant mechanisms, the antioxidant status, and effects of supplementation in critically ill patients for the most studied antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E and the enzyme cofactor trace elements ...

    Abstract This comprehensive narrative review summarizes relevant antioxidant mechanisms, the antioxidant status, and effects of supplementation in critically ill patients for the most studied antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E and the enzyme cofactor trace elements selenium and zinc. Over the past 15 years, oxidative stress-mediated cell damage has been recognized to be fundamental to the pathophysiology of various critical illnesses such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and multiorgan dysfunction in sepsis. Related to these conditions, low plasma levels of antioxidant enzymes, vitamins, and trace elements have been frequently reported, and thus supplementation seems logical. However, low antioxidant plasma levels per se may not indicate low total body stores as critical illness may induce redistribution of antioxidants. Furthermore, low antioxidant levels may even be beneficial as pro-oxidants are essential in bacterial killing. The reviewed studies in critically ill patients show conflicting results. This may be due to different patient populations, study designs, timing, dosing regimens, and duration of the intervention and outcome measures evaluated. Therefore, at present, it remains unclear whether supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients has any clinical benefit in critically ill patients as some studies show clear benefits, whereas others demonstrate neutral outcomes and even harm. Combination therapy of antioxidants seems logical as they work in synergy and function as elements of the human antioxidant network. Further research should focus on defining the normal antioxidant status for critically ill patients and to study optimal supplement combinations either by nutrition enrichment or by enteral or parenteral pharmacological interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use ; Critical Care/methods ; Critical Illness ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Selenium/therapeutic use ; Trace Elements/therapeutic use ; Vitamin A/therapeutic use ; Vitamin E/therapeutic use ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Zinc/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Trace Elements ; Vitamins ; Vitamin A (11103-57-4) ; Vitamin E (1406-18-4) ; Selenium (H6241UJ22B) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645074-x
    ISSN 1941-2452 ; 0884-5336
    ISSN (online) 1941-2452
    ISSN 0884-5336
    DOI 10.1177/0884533616653832
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Antioxidant Vitamins and Trace Elements in Critical Illness

    Koekkoek, W. A. C. (Kristine) / Arthur R. H. van Zanten

    Nutrition in clinical practice. , v. 31, no. 4

    2016  

    Abstract: This comprehensive narrative review summarizes relevant antioxidant mechanisms, the antioxidant status, and effects of supplementation in critically ill patients for the most studied antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E and the enzyme cofactor trace elements ...

    Abstract This comprehensive narrative review summarizes relevant antioxidant mechanisms, the antioxidant status, and effects of supplementation in critically ill patients for the most studied antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E and the enzyme cofactor trace elements selenium and zinc. Over the past 15 years, oxidative stress–mediated cell damage has been recognized to be fundamental to the pathophysiology of various critical illnesses such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and multiorgan dysfunction in sepsis. Related to these conditions, low plasma levels of antioxidant enzymes, vitamins, and trace elements have been frequently reported, and thus supplementation seems logical. However, low antioxidant plasma levels per se may not indicate low total body stores as critical illness may induce redistribution of antioxidants. Furthermore, low antioxidant levels may even be beneficial as pro-oxidants are essential in bacterial killing. The reviewed studies in critically ill patients show conflicting results. This may be due to different patient populations, study designs, timing, dosing regimens, and duration of the intervention and outcome measures evaluated. Therefore, at present, it remains unclear whether supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients has any clinical benefit in critically ill patients as some studies show clear benefits, whereas others demonstrate neutral outcomes and even harm. Combination therapy of antioxidants seems logical as they work in synergy and function as elements of the human antioxidant network. Further research should focus on defining the normal antioxidant status for critically ill patients and to study optimal supplement combinations either by nutrition enrichment or by enteral or parenteral pharmacological interventions.
    Keywords acute respiratory distress syndrome ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; enzymes ; pathophysiology ; patients ; selenium ; sepsis (infection) ; tube feeding ; vitamin A ; zinc
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-08
    Size p. 457-474.
    Publishing place SAGE Publications
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 645074-x
    ISSN 1941-2452 ; 0884-5336
    ISSN (online) 1941-2452
    ISSN 0884-5336
    DOI 10.1177/0884533616653832
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Timing of PROTein INtake and clinical outcomes of adult critically ill patients on prolonged mechanical VENTilation: The PROTINVENT retrospective study

    Koekkoek, W.A.C. (Kristine) / Kars, J.C.N. (Hans) / Olthof, Laura E / van Setten, C.H. (Coralien) / van Zanten, Arthur R.H

    Clinical nutrition. 2019 Apr., v. 38, no. 2

    2019  

    Abstract: Optimal protein intake during critical illness is unknown. Conflicting results on nutritional support during the first week of ICU stay have been published. We addressed timing of protein intake and outcomes in ICU patients requiring prolonged mechanical ...

    Abstract Optimal protein intake during critical illness is unknown. Conflicting results on nutritional support during the first week of ICU stay have been published. We addressed timing of protein intake and outcomes in ICU patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.We retrospectively collected nutritional and clinical data on the first 7 days of ICU admission of adult critically ill patients, who were mechanically ventilated in our ICU for at least 7 days and admitted between January 1st 2011 and December 31st 2015. Based on recent literature, patients were divided into 3 protein intake categories, <0.8 g/kg/day, 0.8–1.2 g/kg/day and >1.2 g/kg/day. Our primary aim was to identify the optimum protein dose and timing related to the lowest 6 month mortality. Secondary endpoints were ventilation duration, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), ICU length of stay (LOS) and mortality and hospital LOS and mortality.In total 455 patients met the inclusion criteria. We found a time-dependent association of protein intake and mortality; low protein intake (<0.8 g/kg/day) before day 3 and high protein intake (>0.8 g/kg/day) after day 3 was associated with lower 6-month mortality, adjusted HR 0.609; 95% CI 0.480–0.772, p < 0.001) compared to patients with overall high protein intake. Lowest 6-month mortality was found when increasing protein intake from <0.8 g/kg/day on day 1–2 to 0.8–1.2 g/kg/day on day 3–5 and >1.2 g/kg/day after day 5. Moreover, overall low protein intake was associated with the highest ICU, in-hospital and 6-month mortality. No differences in ICU LOS, need for RRT or ventilation duration were found.Our data suggest that although overall low protein intake is associated with the highest mortality risk, high protein intake during the first 3–5 days of ICU stay is also associated with increased long-term mortality. Therefore, timing of high protein intake may be relevant for optimizing ICU, in-hospital and long-term mortality outcomes.
    Keywords adults ; hospitals ; mortality ; nutrition risk assessment ; nutritional support ; patients ; protein intake ; retrospective studies
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-04
    Size p. 883-890.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 604812-2
    ISSN 1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
    ISSN (online) 1532-1983
    ISSN 0261-5614
    DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.012
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: A Comatose Patient with a Bluish Tongue.

    van Hulst, Annelienke M / Lammers, Hendrick J W / Koekkoek, W A C Kristine / Smulders, Charlotte A / Tjan, David H T

    Clinical chemistry

    2018  Volume 64, Issue 8, Page(s) 1143–1145

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Clonazepam/blood ; Clonazepam/toxicity ; Color ; Coma/pathology ; GABA Modulators/blood ; GABA Modulators/toxicity ; Humans ; Male ; Tongue/pathology
    Chemical Substances GABA Modulators ; Clonazepam (5PE9FDE8GB)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80102-1
    ISSN 1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
    ISSN (online) 1530-8561
    ISSN 0009-9147
    DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2017.278200
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Timing of PROTein INtake and clinical outcomes of adult critically ill patients on prolonged mechanical VENTilation: The PROTINVENT retrospective study.

    Koekkoek, W A C Kristine / van Setten, C H Coralien / Olthof, Laura E / Kars, J C N Hans / van Zanten, Arthur R H

    Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

    2018  Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 883–890

    Abstract: Background & aims: Optimal protein intake during critical illness is unknown. Conflicting results on nutritional support during the first week of ICU stay have been published. We addressed timing of protein intake and outcomes in ICU patients requiring ... ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Optimal protein intake during critical illness is unknown. Conflicting results on nutritional support during the first week of ICU stay have been published. We addressed timing of protein intake and outcomes in ICU patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.
    Methods: We retrospectively collected nutritional and clinical data on the first 7 days of ICU admission of adult critically ill patients, who were mechanically ventilated in our ICU for at least 7 days and admitted between January 1st 2011 and December 31st 2015. Based on recent literature, patients were divided into 3 protein intake categories, <0.8 g/kg/day, 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day and >1.2 g/kg/day. Our primary aim was to identify the optimum protein dose and timing related to the lowest 6 month mortality. Secondary endpoints were ventilation duration, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), ICU length of stay (LOS) and mortality and hospital LOS and mortality.
    Results: In total 455 patients met the inclusion criteria. We found a time-dependent association of protein intake and mortality; low protein intake (<0.8 g/kg/day) before day 3 and high protein intake (>0.8 g/kg/day) after day 3 was associated with lower 6-month mortality, adjusted HR 0.609; 95% CI 0.480-0.772, p < 0.001) compared to patients with overall high protein intake. Lowest 6-month mortality was found when increasing protein intake from <0.8 g/kg/day on day 1-2 to 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day on day 3-5 and >1.2 g/kg/day after day 5. Moreover, overall low protein intake was associated with the highest ICU, in-hospital and 6-month mortality. No differences in ICU LOS, need for RRT or ventilation duration were found.
    Conclusions: Our data suggest that although overall low protein intake is associated with the highest mortality risk, high protein intake during the first 3-5 days of ICU stay is also associated with increased long-term mortality. Therefore, timing of high protein intake may be relevant for optimizing ICU, in-hospital and long-term mortality outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Critical Illness/mortality ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Support/methods ; Nutritional Support/mortality ; Nutritional Support/statistics & numerical data ; Respiration, Artificial/mortality ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Dietary Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604812-2
    ISSN 1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
    ISSN (online) 1532-1983
    ISSN 0261-5614
    DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Impact of caloric intake in critically ill patients with, and without, refeeding syndrome: A retrospective study.

    Olthof, Laura E / Koekkoek, W A C Kristine / van Setten, Coralien / Kars, Johannes C N / van Blokland, Dick / van Zanten, Arthur R H

    Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

    2017  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 1609–1617

    Abstract: Background & aims: Refeeding syndrome comprises metabolic disturbances that occur after the reintroduction of feeding after prolonged fasting. Standard care consists of correcting fluid and electrolytes imbalances. Energy intake during refeeding ... ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Refeeding syndrome comprises metabolic disturbances that occur after the reintroduction of feeding after prolonged fasting. Standard care consists of correcting fluid and electrolytes imbalances. Energy intake during refeeding syndrome is heavily debated. This study addresses the effect of caloric intake on outcome during the management of refeeding syndrome.
    Methods: A retrospective study among critically ill invasive mechanically ventilated patients admitted for >7 days to a medical-surgical ICU. Refeeding syndrome was diagnosed by the occurrence of new onset hypophosphatemia (<0.65 mmol/l) within 72 h of the start of nutritional support. Primary outcome was 6-month mortality. Secondary outcomes were 3-month mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. Outcomes of patients with and without refeeding syndrome were compared and subgroup analysis on energy intake within the refeeding population was performed for the duration of survival.
    Results: Of 337 enrolled patients, 124 (36.8%) developed refeeding syndrome and 213 patients (63.2%) maintained normal serum phosphate levels. Between the two groups, no statistical significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed. Within the refeeding syndrome group, a reduced 6-month mortality risk for low caloric intake (<50% of target) was seen compared with normal intake, adjusted Hazard Ratio 0.39, (95% CI 0.16-0.95, p = 0.037). In this group, low caloric intake was associated with an increased overall survival time at day 180 (153.0 (SE 10.1) vs 119.1 (SE 8.0) days, log-rank p = 0.018).
    Conclusions: Refeeding syndrome is common among prolonged mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, however not predictable by baseline characteristics. Among patients that develop refeeding syndrome low caloric intake was associated with a reduction in 6-month mortality risk. This effect was not seen in patients without refeeding syndrome. Findings support caloric restriction in refeeding syndrome during critical illness.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Caloric Restriction ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Support/adverse effects ; Phosphates/blood ; Refeeding Syndrome/epidemiology ; Refeeding Syndrome/mortality ; Refeeding Syndrome/therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Phosphates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604812-2
    ISSN 1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
    ISSN (online) 1532-1983
    ISSN 0261-5614
    DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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