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  1. Article ; Online: Glioblastoma vaccines: past, present, and opportunities.

    Xiong, Zujian / Raphael, Itay / Olin, Michael / Okada, Hideho / Li, Xuejun / Kohanbash, Gary

    EBioMedicine

    2024  Volume 100, Page(s) 104963

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal central nervous systems (CNS) tumours in adults. As supplements to standard of care (SOC), various immunotherapies improve the therapeutic effect in other cancers. Among them, tumour vaccines can serve as ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal central nervous systems (CNS) tumours in adults. As supplements to standard of care (SOC), various immunotherapies improve the therapeutic effect in other cancers. Among them, tumour vaccines can serve as complementary monotherapy or boost the clinical efficacy with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy. Previous studies in GBM therapeutic vaccines have suggested that few neoantigens could be targeted in GBM due to low mutation burden, and single-peptide therapeutic vaccination had limited efficacy in tumour control as monotherapy. Combining diverse antigens, including neoantigens, tumour-associated antigens (TAAs), and pathogen-derived antigens, and optimizing vaccine design or vaccination strategy may help with clinical efficacy improvement. In this review, we discussed current GBM therapeutic vaccine platforms, evaluated and potential antigenic targets, current challenges, and perspective opportunities for efficacy improvement.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Immunotherapy ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Neoplasm ; Cancer Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2851331-9
    ISSN 2352-3964
    ISSN (online) 2352-3964
    DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104963
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Pre-clinical models for evaluating glioma targeted immunotherapies.

    Frederico, Stephen C / Zhang, Xiaoran / Hu, Baoli / Kohanbash, Gary

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1092399

    Abstract: Gliomas have an extremely poor prognosis in both adult and pediatric patient populations as these tumors are known to grow aggressively and respond poorly to standard of care treatment. Currently, treatment for gliomas involves surgical resection ... ...

    Abstract Gliomas have an extremely poor prognosis in both adult and pediatric patient populations as these tumors are known to grow aggressively and respond poorly to standard of care treatment. Currently, treatment for gliomas involves surgical resection followed by chemoradiation therapy. However, some gliomas, such as diffuse midline glioma, have more limited treatment options such as radiotherapy alone. Even with these interventions, the prognosis for those diagnosed with a glioma remains poor. Immunotherapy is highly effective for some cancers and there is great interest in the development of effective immunotherapies for the treatment of gliomas. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapies targeted to gliomas have largely failed to date, and we believe this is partially due to the poor choice in pre-clinical mouse models that are used to evaluate these immunotherapies. A key consideration in evaluating new immunotherapies is the selection of pre-clinical models that mimic the glioma-immune response in humans. Multiple pre-clinical options are currently available, each one with their own benefits and limitations. Informed selection of pre-clinical models for testing can facilitate translation of more promising immunotherapies in the clinical setting. In this review we plan to present glioma cell lines and mouse models, as well as alternatives to mouse models, that are available for pre-clinical glioma immunotherapy studies. We plan to discuss considerations of model selection that should be made for future studies as we hope this review can serve as a guide for investigators as they choose which model is best suited for their study.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Glioma/pathology ; Prognosis ; Immunotherapy ; Forecasting
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1092399
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Protocol to assess the antitumor efficacy of an immunotherapeutic peptide in syngeneic orthotopic glioma mouse models.

    Chen, Apeng / Chao, Yapeng / Zou, Han / McCarl, Lauren H / Kohanbash, Gary / Hu, Baoli

    STAR protocols

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 102049

    Abstract: Understanding the glioblastoma (GBM) immune microenvironment and development of clinical treatment drugs rely on suitable preclinical GBM models. Here, we present a protocol to establish syngeneic orthotopic glioma mouse models. We also describe the ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the glioblastoma (GBM) immune microenvironment and development of clinical treatment drugs rely on suitable preclinical GBM models. Here, we present a protocol to establish syngeneic orthotopic glioma mouse models. We also describe the steps to intracranially deliver immunotherapeutic peptides and monitor the treatment response. Finally, we show how to assess the tumor immune microenvironment with treatment outcomes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chen et al. (2021).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioma/drug therapy ; Glioma/pathology ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunotherapy ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102049
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Myeloid cells as potential targets for immunotherapy in pediatric gliomas.

    Frederico, Stephen C / Sharma, Nikhil / Darling, Corbin / Taori, Suchet / Dubinsky, Alexandra C / Zhang, Xiaoran / Raphael, Itay / Kohanbash, Gary

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2024  Volume 12, Page(s) 1346493

    Abstract: Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) including pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) are highly aggressive pediatric central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. pGBM comprises approximately 3% of all pediatric CNS malignancies and has a 5-year survival rate of ... ...

    Abstract Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) including pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) are highly aggressive pediatric central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. pGBM comprises approximately 3% of all pediatric CNS malignancies and has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Surgical resection and chemoradiation are often the standard of care for pGBM and pHGG, however, even with these interventions, survival for children diagnosed with pGBM and pHGG remains poor. Due to shortcomings associated with the standard of care, many efforts have been made to create novel immunotherapeutic approaches targeted to these malignancies. These efforts include the use of vaccines, cell-based therapies, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. However, it is believed that in many pediatric glioma patients an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) possess barriers that limit the efficacy of immune-based therapies. One of these barriers includes the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells. In this review we will discuss the various types of myeloid cells present in the glioma TME, including macrophages and microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the specific mechanisms these cells can employ to enable immunosuppression. Finally, we will highlight therapeutic strategies targeted to these cells that are aimed at impeding myeloid-cell derived immunosuppression.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2024.1346493
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Deletion of Slc9a1 in Cx3cr1

    Song, Shanshan / Oft, Helena / Metwally, Shamseldin / Paruchuri, Satya / Bielanin, John / Fiesler, Victoria / Sneiderman, Chaim / Kohanbash, Gary / Sun, Dandan

    Journal of neuroinflammation

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 69

    Abstract: Microglial Na/H exchanger-1 (NHE1) protein, encoded by Slc9a1, plays a role in white matter demyelination of ischemic stroke brains. To explore underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell RNA-seq transcriptome analysis in conditional Slc9a1 knockout ( ...

    Abstract Microglial Na/H exchanger-1 (NHE1) protein, encoded by Slc9a1, plays a role in white matter demyelination of ischemic stroke brains. To explore underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell RNA-seq transcriptome analysis in conditional Slc9a1 knockout (cKO) and wild-type (WT) mouse white matter tissues at 3 days post-stroke. Compared to WT, Nhe1 cKO brains expanded a microglial subgroup with elevated transcription of white matter myelination genes including Spp1, Lgals3, Gpnmb, and Fabp5. This subgroup also exhibited more acidic pH
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Brain/metabolism ; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Microglia/metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1/metabolism
    Chemical Substances CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 ; Cx3cr1 protein, mouse ; Slc9a1 protein, mouse ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2156455-3
    ISSN 1742-2094 ; 1742-2094
    ISSN (online) 1742-2094
    ISSN 1742-2094
    DOI 10.1186/s12974-024-03065-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Survival following complete resection of neuroblastoma in novel orthotopic rat xenograft model.

    Sever, ReidAnn E / Rosenblum, Lauren Taylor / Reyes-Múgica, Miguel / Edwards, W Barry / Malek, Marcus M / Kohanbash, Gary

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 20214

    Abstract: Neuroblastoma accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths, despite multimodal therapy including surgical resection. Current neuroblastoma rodent models are insufficient for studying the impact of surgery and combination treatments, largely due to the ... ...

    Abstract Neuroblastoma accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths, despite multimodal therapy including surgical resection. Current neuroblastoma rodent models are insufficient for studying the impact of surgery and combination treatments, largely due to the small size of mouse models. Human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2) cells were injected into the left adrenal gland of 5-6-week-old RNU homozygous nude rats. Rats were either monitored by MRI until humane endpoint was reached or after 5 weeks underwent operative tumor resection, followed by monitoring for recurrence and survival. Following neuroblastoma cell implantation, the majority of tumors grew to greater than 5000 mm
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Child ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Heterografts ; Neuroblastoma/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Humanities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-47537-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition in the management of glioblastoma: Exploring a new frontier.

    Frederico, Stephen C / Darling, Corbin / Bielanin, John P / Dubinsky, Alexandra C / Zhang, Xiaoran / Hadjipanayis, Constantinos G / Kohanbash, Gary

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1057567

    Abstract: Brain tumors are one of the leading causes of cancer related death in both the adult and pediatric patient population. Gliomas represent a cohort of brain tumors derived from glial cell lineages which include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and ... ...

    Abstract Brain tumors are one of the leading causes of cancer related death in both the adult and pediatric patient population. Gliomas represent a cohort of brain tumors derived from glial cell lineages which include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas (GBMs). These tumors are known to grow aggressively and have a high lethality with GBM being the most aggressive tumor in this group. Currently, few treatment options exist for GBM outside of surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. While these measures have been shown to marginally improve patient survival, patients, especially those diagnosed with GBM, often experience a recurrence of their disease. Following disease recurrence, treatment options become more limited as additional surgical resections can pose life threatening risk to the patient, patients may be ineligible for additional radiation, and the recurrent tumor may be resistant to chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy as many patients with cancers residing outside the central nervous system (CNS) have experienced a survival benefit from this treatment modality. It has often been observed that this survival benefit is increased following neoadjuvant administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors as tumor antigen is still present in the patient which enables a more robust anti-tumor immune response. Interestingly, results for ICI-based studies for patients with GBM have been largely disappointing which is a stark contrast from the success this treatment modality has had in non-central nervous system cancers. In this review, we will discuss the various benefits of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition such as how this approach reduces tumor burden and allows for a greater induction of an anti-tumor immune response. Additionally, we will discuss several non-CNS cancers where neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition has been successful and discuss why we believe this approach may provide a survival benefit for GBM patients. We hope this manuscript will foster future studies aimed at exploring whether this approach may be beneficial for patients diagnosed with GBM.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Glioblastoma ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Brain Neoplasms
    Chemical Substances Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1057567
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Metabolites as Biomarkers of Disease Status in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) Treated with Glioma-Associated Antigen Peptide Vaccines.

    Panigrahy, Ashok / Jakacki, Regina I / Pollack, Ian F / Ceschin, Rafael / Okada, Hideho / Nelson, Marvin D / Kohanbash, Gary / Dhall, Girish / Bluml, Stefan

    Cancers

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 23

    Abstract: Purpose: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are highly aggressive tumors with no currently available curative therapy. This study evaluated whether measurements of in vivo cell metabolites using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may serve as ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are highly aggressive tumors with no currently available curative therapy. This study evaluated whether measurements of in vivo cell metabolites using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may serve as biomarkers of response to therapy, including progression.
    Methods: Single-voxel MR spectra were serially acquired in two cohorts of patients with DIPG treated with radiation therapy (RT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy and prior to progression: 14 participants were enrolled in a clinical trial of adjuvant glioma-associated antigen peptide vaccines and 32 patients were enrolled who did not receive adjuvant vaccine therapy. Spearman correlations measured overall survival associations with absolute metabolite concentrations of myo-inositol (mI), creatine (Cr), and
    Results: Overall survival was not associated with metabolite ratios obtained shortly after RT (1.9-3.8 months post-diagnosis) in either cohort. In the vaccine cohort, an elevated mI/Cho ratio after 2-3 doses (3.9-5.2 months post-diagnosis) was associated with longer survival (rho = 0.92, 95% CI 0.67-0.98). Scans performed up to 6 months before death showed a terminal decline in the mI/Cho ratio, with an average of 0.37 ratio/month in vaccine patients (95% CI 0.11-0.63) and 0.26 (0.04-0.48) in the non-vaccine cohort.
    Conclusion: Higher mI/Cho ratios following RT, consistent with less proliferate tumors and decreased cell turnover, were associated with longer survival, suggesting that this ratio can serve as a biomarker of prognosis following RT. This finding was seen in both cohorts, although the association with OS was detected earlier in the vaccine cohort. Increased mI/Cho (possibly reflecting immune-effector cell influx into the tumor as a mechanism of tumor response) requires further study.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers14235995
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Handheld PET Probe for Pediatric Cancer Surgery.

    Rinehardt, Hannah N / Longo, Sadie / Gilbert, Ryan / Shoaf, Jennifer N / Edwards, Wilson B / Kohanbash, Gary / Malek, Marcus M

    Cancers

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 9

    Abstract: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a glucose analog that acts as a marker for glucose uptake and metabolism. FDG PET scans are used in monitoring pediatric cancers. The handheld PET probe localization of FDG-avid lesions is an emerging modality for radio- ... ...

    Abstract 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a glucose analog that acts as a marker for glucose uptake and metabolism. FDG PET scans are used in monitoring pediatric cancers. The handheld PET probe localization of FDG-avid lesions is an emerging modality for radio-guided surgery (RGS). We sought to assess the utility of PET probe in localizing occult FDG-avid tumors in pediatric patients. PET probe functionality was evaluated by using a PET/CT scan calibration phantom. The PET probe was able to detect FDG photon emission from simulated tumors with an expected decay of the radioisotope over time. Specificity for simulated tumor detection was lower in a model that included background FDG. In a clinical model, eight pediatric patients with FDG-avid primary, recurrent or metastatic cancer underwent a tumor excision, utilizing IV FDG and PET probe survey. Adequate tissue for diagnosis was present in 16 of 17 resected specimens, and pathology was positive for malignancy in 12 of the 17 FDG-avid lesions. PET probe gamma counts per second were higher in tumors compared with adjacent benign tissue in all operations. The median ex vivo tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was 4.0 (range 0.9-12). The PET probe confirmed the excision of occult FDG-avid tumors in eight pediatric patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers14092221
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  10. Article ; Online: ImmunoPET imaging of TIGIT in the glioma microenvironment.

    Vincze, Sarah R / Jaswal, Ambika P / Frederico, Stephen C / Nisnboym, Michal / Li, Bo / Xiong, Zujian / Sever, ReidAnn E / Sneiderman, Chaim T / Rodgers, Mikayla / Day, Kathryn E / Latoche, Joseph D / Foley, Lesley M / Hitchens, T Kevin / Frederick, Robin / Patel, Ravi B / Hadjipanayis, Costas G / Raphael, Itay / Nedrow, Jessie R / Edwards, W Barry /
    Kohanbash, Gary

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5305

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Currently, there are few effective treatment options for GBM beyond surgery and chemo-radiation, and even with these interventions, median patient survival remains poor. While immune ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Currently, there are few effective treatment options for GBM beyond surgery and chemo-radiation, and even with these interventions, median patient survival remains poor. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against non-central nervous system cancers, ICI trials for GBM have typically had poor outcomes. TIGIT is an immune checkpoint receptor that is expressed on activated T-cells and has a role in the suppression of T-cell and Natural Killer (NK) cell function. As TIGIT expression is reported as both prognostic and a biomarker for anti-TIGIT therapy, we constructed a molecular imaging agent, [
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Tissue Distribution ; Glioma/diagnostic imaging ; Glioblastoma/diagnostic imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Receptors, Immunologic ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Immunologic ; TIGIT protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-55296-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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