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Article: Further development of the content of the national part of the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2017 in its supplements from the point of view of drug preparation in pharmacies.

Kolář, Jan Šubert Jozef

Ceska a Slovenska farmacie : casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti

2021 Volume 70, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–6

Abstract: The paper deals with developing the national part of the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2017 (CL 2017) in its supplements from 2018, 2019, and 2020. It focuses on the preparation of medicinal products in pharmacies. The possibilities of further developing the ... ...

Title translation	Další vývoj obsahu Národní části Českého lékopisu 2017 v jeho doplňcích z pohledu přípravy léčiv v lékárnách.
Abstract	The paper deals with developing the national part of the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2017 (CL 2017) in its supplements from 2018, 2019, and 2020. It focuses on the preparation of medicinal products in pharmacies. The possibilities of further developing the national part of the CL 2017 to accelerate the necessary changes in its content are also discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-08
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1187133-7
ISSN	1210-7816 ; 0009-0530
ISSN	1210-7816 ; 0009-0530
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Littorella Uniflora (L.) Ascherson

Kolář Jan

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, Vol 45, Iss 3, Pp 147-

A Review

2014 Volume 154

Abstract: Littorella uniflora (L.) Ascherson, a member of Plantaginaceae family, belongs to a group of isoetids - small, slow-growing, evergreen aquatic plants. They are characterized by strong and stiff basal leaves and a large amount of root biomass. ... ...

Abstract	Littorella uniflora (L.) Ascherson, a member of Plantaginaceae family, belongs to a group of isoetids - small, slow-growing, evergreen aquatic plants. They are characterized by strong and stiff basal leaves and a large amount of root biomass. Oligotrophic and mesotrophic freshwaters are typical habitats for this plant. L. uniflora is a boreal subatlantic European species. It is spread over whole western and northern Europe including the United Kingdom and Ireland. Austria, Czech Republic, and Poland lie on the southeast border of L. uniflora distribution. In the Czech Republic, as well as in the Netherlands or Ireland, the number of suitable habitats is rapidly decreasing. Therefore it is important to understand the needs of this macrophyte in order to propose quality rescue management to restore its population. This paper gives brief information about biology and ecological adaptations of L. uniflora. It also focuses on threats, distribution, and management at some of its current localities in the Czech Republic.
Keywords	denuded fishpond bottom ; plantaginaceae ; oligotrophic habitat ; isoetid ; Agriculture ; S
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: On interdisciplinarity in the humanities: A comment on Fanta et al. (2020) on the bias in dating obtained from historical sources

Kolář, Jan / Szabó, Péter

Journal of archaeological science. 2021 Aug., v. 132

2021

Abstract: Medieval settlement history in Europe is a common topic in several scientific disciplines. Recently, Fanta et al. (2020) examined colonization processes in Bohemia through the comparison of archaeological evidence and historical records. They concluded ... ...

Abstract	Medieval settlement history in Europe is a common topic in several scientific disciplines. Recently, Fanta et al. (2020) examined colonization processes in Bohemia through the comparison of archaeological evidence and historical records. They concluded that the first mentions of settlements in historical documents are not reliable sources for settlement dating and should always be verified and preferably superseded by archaeological data, which are, in contrast, mostly unproblematic. We argue that this conclusion is controversial from several aspects. Firstly, it neglects the disciplinary constraints of archaeological evidence for medieval settlement development, as regards quality and chronology. Secondly, there are several legitimate perspectives from which to analyse the data. Our reanalysis of the original dataset showed that – in partial contrast to the conclusions of Fanta et al. (2020) – when viewed from the point of view of historical evidence, the time lag between the historical and archaeological dating increased with time and that the historical dating of most of the settlements between the 10th and 13th centuries was supported by archaeological evidence. Lastly, we demonstrated how research combining different disciplines (archaeology, history, palaeoecology, geography) and types evidence can reveal the manifold processes of human settlement dynamics. In our view each type of evidence has advantages as well as drawbacks, therefore strictly prioritising one at the expense of others hardly furthers the understanding of complex social phenomena.
Keywords	archaeology ; culture and humanities ; data collection ; geography ; human settlements ; paleoecology ; Europe
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1468969-8
ISSN	0305-4403
ISSN	0305-4403
DOI	10.1016/j.jas.2021.105392
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A procedural footprint enhancement of global topographic surface with multiple levels of detail

Brůha, Lukáš / Kolář, Jan

International journal of digital earth. 2020 Apr. 2, v. 13, no. 4

2020

Abstract: Virtual globes are technologies for visual navigation through a three-dimensional, multi-resolution model of the entire planet. Data representations used in virtual globes, however, lack geometric flexibility at high-resolution levels of the planet-wide ... ...

Abstract	Virtual globes are technologies for visual navigation through a three-dimensional, multi-resolution model of the entire planet. Data representations used in virtual globes, however, lack geometric flexibility at high-resolution levels of the planet-wide terrain surface. This is a problem especially if boundaries between individual geospatial features and the terrain are important. A novel integration of individual polygonal boundaries with a specific multi-resolution representation of the planet-wide terrain is developed in this article. In the preparation stage, the integration relies on an original simplification algorithm applied to the polygonal boundaries between geospatial features and the terrain. Its output is a multiple level-of-detail (LOD) geometry, which can be combined with a known multi-LOD representation of the terrain that uses run-time triangulation. This data representation is suitable for storage in existing database systems, avoids any data redundancy across LODs, and is even independent of the subdivision schema that partitions the planet's surface for the sake of dealing with LODs. At run-time, a novel reconstruction algorithm stitches geometric parts from different LODs together in a manner that augments the multi-LOD representation of the terrain. Within a certain proximity range from a given position, the method reconstructs a scene that preserves topological relations between the boundaries of geospatial features with the terrain. The method also guarantees that certain nearest proximity to the given position consists of the best geometries that correspond to the original datasets. Such properties of the method close up the gap between a mere exploratory visualization of static, pre-generated models and the models supporting geospatial analysis, which is deemed crucial for applications in Geographic Information Systems, Building Information Modelling and other software industries. A prototype implementation and experiment results that prove this method are also presented.
Keywords	algorithms ; computer software ; data collection ; databases ; geographic information systems ; landscapes ; models ; prototypes ; topography ; topology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0402
Size	p. 527-545.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2410527-2
ISSN	1753-8955 ; 1753-8947
ISSN (online)	1753-8955
ISSN	1753-8947
DOI	10.1080/17538947.2018.1543362
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The diversity and distribution of introduced plant species reflect 8000 years of settlement history

Macek, Martin / Abraham, Vojtěch / Tkáč, Peter / Novak, David / Kolář, Jan

Journal of Ecology. 2023 Apr., v. 111, no. 4 p.787-798

2023

Abstract: Human population has affected natural ecosystems since prehistoric times in many ways, causing disturbances in existing ecosystems and creating novel habitats, and altering the colonisation and extinction rates with potentially long‐lasting effects on ... ...

Abstract	Human population has affected natural ecosystems since prehistoric times in many ways, causing disturbances in existing ecosystems and creating novel habitats, and altering the colonisation and extinction rates with potentially long‐lasting effects on biodiversity. Here, we explored the pervasive effects of past human occupancy on present‐day diversity and the distribution of plant species introduced by humans in the distant past—archaeophytes—at the regional spatial scale. We analysed spatial relations between the present‐day species richness of archaeophytes and native flora, the environmental setting, archaeological evidence, and the relationship between the residence time of archaeophytes and their regional range size. We used fine‐scaled gridded information on plant diversity and archaeological records for the period 6000 BCE to 1000 CE summarised as average occupancy probability (AOP) in Czechia, Central Europe. The proportion of archaeophytes in the local flora positively correlated with AOP. Variation partitioning revealed largely overlapping effects of AOP, environmental conditions, and present‐day land use on the relative diversity of archaeophytes in local flora. The relationship between the minimum residence time of introduced species and their regional range size was non‐significant. Synthesis. Present‐day regional diversity of archaeophytes mirrored the intensity of past human settlements. Our results suggest that the main underlying mechanism is the environmental filtering of non‐native species pools, while dispersal limitation plays a minor role in the regional patterns of archaeophyte diversity.
Keywords	archaeology ; extinction ; flora ; human population ; humans ; introduced plants ; land use ; probability ; species richness ; Central European region ; Czech Republic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Size	p. 787-798.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	3023-5
ISSN	0022-0477
ISSN	0022-0477
DOI	10.1111/1365-2745.14060
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Application of shape-based similarity query for aerodynamic optimization of wind tunnel primary nozzle

Kolář Jan

EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 25, p

2012 Volume 02012

Abstract: The aerodynamic shape optimization of the supersonic flat nozzle is the aim of proposed paper. The nozzle discussed, is applied as a primary nozzle of the inlet part of supersonic wind tunnel. Supersonic nozzles of the measure area inlet parts need to ... ...

Abstract	The aerodynamic shape optimization of the supersonic flat nozzle is the aim of proposed paper. The nozzle discussed, is applied as a primary nozzle of the inlet part of supersonic wind tunnel. Supersonic nozzles of the measure area inlet parts need to guarantee several requirements of flow properties and quality. Mach number and minimal differences between real and required velocity and turbulence profiles at the nozzle exit are the most important parameters to meet. The aerodynamic shape optimization of the flat 2D nozzle in CFD is employed to reach as uniform exit velocity profile as possible, with the mean Mach number 1.4. Optimization process does not use any of standard routines of global or local optimum searching. Instead, newly formed routine, which exploits shape-based oriented sequence of nozzles, is used to research within whole discretized parametric space. The movement within optimization process is not driven by gradient or evolutionary too, instead, the Path of Minimal Shape Deformation is followed. Dynamic mesh approach is used to deform the shape and mesh from the actual nozzle to the subsequent one. Dynamic deformation of mesh allows to speed up whole converging process as an initialization of flow at the newly formed mesh is based on afore-computed shape. Shape-based similarity query in field of supersonic nozzles is discussed and applied. Evolutionary technique with genetic algorithm is used to search for minimal deformational path. As a result, the best variant from the set of solved shapes is analyzed at the base of momentum coefficient and desired Mach number at the nozzle exit.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Physics (General) ; DOAJ:Physics and Astronomy
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Long time-series ecological niche modelling using archaeological settlement data: Tracing the origins of present-day landscape

Demján, Peter / Dreslerová, Dagmar / Kolář, Jan / Chuman, Tomáš / Romportl, Dušan / Trnka, Miroslav / Lieskovský, Tibor

Applied geography. 2022 Apr., v. 141

2022

Abstract: Human activities have shaped the environment since long before the advent of agriculture and resulted in anthropogenic landscapes, which are sometimes perceived as natural, but are clearly shaped by dozens of previous generations. This study is the first ...

Abstract	Human activities have shaped the environment since long before the advent of agriculture and resulted in anthropogenic landscapes, which are sometimes perceived as natural, but are clearly shaped by dozens of previous generations. This study is the first to apply ecological niche modelling on a long time-series of archaeological data to illuminate the development of the landscape from the perspective of settlement behaviour and its dependence on environmental conditions. Using a large dataset of evidence of prehistoric settlement activities covering the area of the Czech Republic and spanning 6600 years from the beginning of agricultural prehistory, we analyse to what degree settlement was related to environmental parameters. We quantified the strength of this relation in terms of the predictive power of ecological niche models generated with the MaxEnt method. We observed a significant variability of settlement behaviour over time, but also landscape occupation, which has retained similar general characteristics to now. This shows that settlement strategies were remarkably stable and the presence of previous settlement was beneficial for subsequent land-use. Comparison of prehistoric settlement with contemporary landscape typology also points to a long-term legacy pre-dating historical periods, which makes the landscape our largest and most important heritage monument.
Keywords	archaeology ; data collection ; geography ; humans ; land use ; landscapes ; monuments ; niches ; occupations ; time series analysis ; Czech Republic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0143-6228
DOI	10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102669
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Littorella Uniflora (L.) Ascherson: A Review

Kolář, Jan

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica. 2014 Nov. 25, v. 45, no. 3

2014

Abstract	Littorella uniflora (L.) Ascherson, a member of Plantaginaceae family, belongs to a group of isoetids - small, slow-growing, evergreen aquatic plants. They are characterized by strong and stiff basal leaves and a large amount of root biomass. Oligotrophic and mesotrophic freshwaters are typical habitats for this plant. L. uniflora is a boreal subatlantic European species. It is spread over whole western and northern Europe including the United Kingdom and Ireland. Austria, Czech Republic, and Poland lie on the southeast border of L. uniflora distribution. In the Czech Republic, as well as in the Netherlands or Ireland, the number of suitable habitats is rapidly decreasing. Therefore it is important to understand the needs of this macrophyte in order to propose quality rescue management to restore its population. This paper gives brief information about biology and ecological adaptations of L. uniflora. It also focuses on threats, distribution, and management at some of its current localities in the Czech Republic.
Keywords	biomass ; habitats ; leaves ; Littorella uniflora ; macrophytes ; Austria ; Czech Republic ; Ireland ; Netherlands ; Northern European region ; Poland ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-1125
Size	p. 147-154.
Publishing place	De Gruyter Open
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2604743-3
ISSN	1805-9430
ISSN	1805-9430
DOI	10.2478/sab-2014-0101
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Wastage of medicines and its financial impact on the healthcare system in the Czech Republic.

Smejkalová, Jozef Kolář Jan Kostřiba Jana Kotlářová Tünde Ambrus Lenka

Ceska a Slovenska farmacie : casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti

2019 Volume 67, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 192–199

Abstract: Background: Medication wastage is an important factor that contributes to escalating healthcare costs. Medication wastage may be due to poor compliance of patients, excessive and irrational prescribing, or a lack of control of the dispensing of ... ...

Title translation	Nevyužívaná léčiva a jejich finanční dopad na zdravotní systém v České republice.
Abstract	Background: Medication wastage is an important factor that contributes to escalating healthcare costs. Medication wastage may be due to poor compliance of patients, excessive and irrational prescribing, or a lack of control of the dispensing of prescription medications in the community pharmacy. Objective: To describe and analyze the situation regarding the unused medicines from the quantitative, qualitative and financial point of view, their cost to the public healthcare system, and behaviours regarding medication wastage of the Czech population. Method: The analysed material consisted of medicines returned to 66 community pharmacies in the Czech Republic between May 16 and June 29, 2012. Thorough analysis was aimed only at medicinal products. Main outcome measure: The analysis of the returned medicines according to the price, amount, therapeutic group, active substance and brand name. Results: In the analysed material there were 18,890 items. The number of returned medicines was 16,520 products. The total value of these products was calculated at about Czech crowns (CZK) 2.1 mil., approx. Euro (EUR) 82,000. Reimbursement of health insurance companies was about CZK 1.4 mil. (approx. EUR 55,000). The most frequently returned drugs were medicines acting on the cardiovascular system (17.0%). The most frequent active substance was paracetamol, which recurred 405 times. Conclusion: The results about the unused medicines from the quantitative, qualitative and financial perspectives describe the situation not only for medicines policy makers and adjustment of the systems of pricing and reimbursement policies, but also for safer and more effective pharmaceutical care and strengthening of the function of community pharmacies.
MeSH term(s)	Commerce ; Czech Republic ; Drug Costs ; Pharmacies/economics
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-13
Publishing country	Czech Republic
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1187133-7
ISSN	1210-7816 ; 0009-0530
ISSN	1210-7816 ; 0009-0530
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influence of the induced airflow on calendering

Adámek Karel / Kolář Jan

EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 25, p

2012 Volume 01002

Abstract: The article presents the seeking of possible correlation between the usable characteristics of a treated textile layer, finished by calendering process and the flow field arising by the rotation of calendering drums in the undisturbed surroundings. ... ...

Abstract	The article presents the seeking of possible correlation between the usable characteristics of a treated textile layer, finished by calendering process and the flow field arising by the rotation of calendering drums in the undisturbed surroundings. Thereby the methods of numerical flow simulation were used here.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Physics (General) ; DOAJ:Physics and Astronomy
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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