LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 6 of total 6

Search options

  1. Article: Integration of Thermal Treatment and Extrusion by Compounding for Processing Various Wastes for Energy Applications

    Kolapkar, Shreyas S. / Zinchik, Stas / Xu, Zhuo / McDonald, Armando G. / Bar-Ziv, Ezra

    Energy & fuels. 2021 July 27, v. 35, no. 15

    2021  

    Abstract: Waste generation is increasing, and a significant portion of the wastes is being landfilled. Torrefaction of such wastes to produce clean fuels is one of the potential solutions. This paper studied torrefaction of mixed fiber–plastic wastes at 300 °C in ... ...

    Abstract Waste generation is increasing, and a significant portion of the wastes is being landfilled. Torrefaction of such wastes to produce clean fuels is one of the potential solutions. This paper studied torrefaction of mixed fiber–plastic wastes at 300 °C in an integrated torrefaction–extrusion screw reactor with a throughput of up to 70 kg/h. The study experimentally measured the thermomechanical properties of the torrefaction–extrusion process and the pellets produced. The study presents the results for thermal dynamics, the effect of shaft configuration on residence time, specific mechanical energy (SME), heat transfer coefficient (U), specific heat (C) of mixed wastes, and mechanical and rheological properties of pellets. First, the thermal dynamics of the system were studied along the corresponding response of heaters with and without the flow of materials measured. The residence time measurement showed 20% and 40% cut flighting had about 2.3 and 3.7 times more residence time compared to a regular screw. The specific heat of the heterogeneous mix blend was measured at 1.58 kJ/(kg °C). The average overall heat transfer coefficient was measured experimentally for the reactor at 52.5 W/(m² °C). The correlation between specific mechanical energy and mass flow showed more than 3 times decrease in specific energy consumed when the feed rate was increased from ∼10 to 50 kg/h. Thermomechanical analysis, flexural testing, and rheological testing were performed on the produced pellets to measure pellet properties.
    Keywords energy ; extrusion ; heat transfer coefficient ; mass flow ; specific heat ; specific mechanical energy ; torrefaction
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0727
    Size p. 12227-12236.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1483539-3
    ISSN 1520-5029 ; 0887-0624
    ISSN (online) 1520-5029
    ISSN 0887-0624
    DOI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01836
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  2. Article: Comprehensive kinetic study of thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride (PVC)

    Xu, Zhuo / Kolapkar, Shreyas S / Zinchik, Stas / Bar-Ziv, Ezra / McDonald, Armando G

    Polymer degradation and stability. 2020 June, v. 176

    2020  

    Abstract: The plastic waste accumulation has been increasing and a solution other than landfilling is required. Due to the high cost of recycling, thermal treatment could be an option. However, the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) would release hydrochloric ... ...

    Abstract The plastic waste accumulation has been increasing and a solution other than landfilling is required. Due to the high cost of recycling, thermal treatment could be an option. However, the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) would release hydrochloric acid which would cause emission problems as well as damage to the reactor systems. The thermal degradation of PVC has been studied over the years. However, the mechanism of the PVC thermal degradation is not fully developed. Specifically, the mechanism of the PVC thermal degradation at medium temperatures, which is more practical for industries, is still lacking. A degradation temperature of 300 °C was used to study the dehydrochlorination behavior of PVC. A rather comprehensive mechanism with four consecutive reactions has been developed based on the micro-pyrolysis experiments and has been validated and proved by predicting the mass loss, chlorine content, heat content and elemental composition with high precision experimental data in different reactors with/without heat transfer coupling.
    Keywords chlorine ; elemental composition ; heat transfer ; heat treatment ; hydrochloric acid ; industry ; poly(vinyl chloride) ; prediction ; reaction kinetics ; recycling ; temperature ; thermal degradation ; wastes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-06
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1502217-1
    ISSN 0141-3910
    ISSN 0141-3910
    DOI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109148
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  3. Article: Properties of pellets of torrefied U.S. waste blends

    Zinchik, Stas / Xu, Zhuo / Kolapkar, Shreyas S / Bar-Ziv, Ezra / McDonald, Armando G

    Waste management. 2020 Mar. 01, v. 104

    2020  

    Abstract: With the continued growing U.S. population, solid waste generation will increase, which will lead to undesired and significant growth in landfilling. Thermal treatment can turn these high calorific value wastes into fuels that can be used in small-to- ... ...

    Abstract With the continued growing U.S. population, solid waste generation will increase, which will lead to undesired and significant growth in landfilling. Thermal treatment can turn these high calorific value wastes into fuels that can be used in small-to-large power plants. This article focuses on using blends with 40% plastic and 60% fiber wastes and converting them into densified solid fuel by torrefaction and extrusion. The material was torrefied at 300 °C to obtain torrefied samples with different mass losses, ranging from 0% to a maximum of 51%. The torrefaction results showed a clear synergy between plastics and fibers. The torrefied material was then extruded into 9 mm diameter rods and the products were characterized by molecular functional group analysis, thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, dynamic rheological measurement, density measurement, flexural testing, water absorption test, size distribution measurement, heat content test, and combustion test. The fiber content in the material decreased as mass loss increased, and the process reduced significantly the variability of the material. The heat content increased as the mass loss increased. The plastic in the feedstock acted as a process enabler as it imparted properties like bindability, water resistance, high heat content, and increased degradation reaction rate.
    Keywords combustion ; extrusion ; feedstocks ; fiber content ; fuels ; heat ; moieties ; pellets ; plastics ; power plants ; solid wastes ; torrefaction ; waste management ; water uptake ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0301
    Size p. 130-138.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2001471-5
    ISSN 1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
    ISSN (online) 1879-2456
    ISSN 0956-053X
    DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.009
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  4. Article: Kinetic Study of Paper Waste Thermal Degradation

    Xu, Zhuo / Kolapkar, Shreyas S. / Zinchik, Stas / Bar-Ziv, Ezra / Klinger, Jordan / Fillerup, Eric / Schaller, Kastli / Pilgrim, Corey

    Polymer degradation and stability. 2021 Sept., v. 191

    2021  

    Abstract: Paper waste generation has been rising in the past decades, with a large amount being landfilled. These paper wastes can be great energy sources after thermal treatment since they are considered carbon neutral. These wastes contain mainly cellulose, ... ...

    Abstract Paper waste generation has been rising in the past decades, with a large amount being landfilled. These paper wastes can be great energy sources after thermal treatment since they are considered carbon neutral. These wastes contain mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and some minerals. The thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin have been extensively studied, however, the knowledge of thermal degradation of paper wastes at lower temperatures, which are more practical for industrial applications are still lacking. In this study, paper wastes have been characterized and thermogravimetric analyses were performed from 200°C to 400°C and the char produced were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two kinetic approaches were taken while developing the kinetic model of paper waste thermal degradation: (i) reconstructing the TGA results of paper waste thermal degradation by an additive law of the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; (ii) considering paper waste as one material and develop a multi-step consecutive reaction mechanism that focuses on solid products at different temperatures. It was observed that there are potential interactions between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin during paper waste degradation. Therefore, the second approach was concluded to be more plausible, and one set of kinetic parameters were determined according to the experimental results at different temperatures. These results provided insights into the degradation kinetic mechanism and solid product distribution of the paper waste. It was found that the first reaction was due to dehydration of cellulose and the 6ᵗʰ and 7ᵗʰ reaction can be attributed to the thermal degradation of lignin. The NMR and FTIR results also validated that the cellulose started degrading at lower temperatures, and lignin degradation became more pronounced at higher temperatures.
    Keywords carbon ; cellulose ; energy ; heat treatment ; hemicellulose ; kinetics ; lignin ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; paper ; reaction mechanisms ; thermal degradation ; thermogravimetry ; wastes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1502217-1
    ISSN 0141-3910
    ISSN 0141-3910
    DOI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109681
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  5. Article: Integrated torrefaction-extrusion system for solid fuel pellet production from mixed fiber-plastic wastes: Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment

    Kolapkar, Shreyas S. / Zinchik, Stas / Burli, Pralhad / Lin, Yingqian / Hartley, Damon S. / Klinger, Jordan / Handler, Robert / Bar-Ziv, Ezra

    Elsevier B.V. Fuel processing technology. 2022 Feb., v. 226

    2022  

    Abstract: The world is witnessing an unprecedented generation and accumulation of fiber-plastic wastes resulting in various challenges due to inconsistency, waste-stream heterogeneity, conveying issues, self-heating, and difficulty in pelletization. This study ... ...

    Abstract The world is witnessing an unprecedented generation and accumulation of fiber-plastic wastes resulting in various challenges due to inconsistency, waste-stream heterogeneity, conveying issues, self-heating, and difficulty in pelletization. This study presents a novel pilot-scale system that integrates torrefaction and extrusion to convert mix fiber-plastic waste into fuel pellets. The produced pellets have low cost, high heating value, better uniformity, and low environmental impact. They can be used as solid fuels or as feedstock for pyrolysis and gasification. To evaluate the pellet cost and its environmental impact, we performed Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The TEA integrates research findings from the torrefaction-extrusion project with the techno-economic models and estimates the costs, energy consumption, and mass balances for pelletizing and torrefaction. The analysis indicates that the baseline cost of producing uniform pellets is about $55.28/dry tonne (2020$). LCA results indicate that the torrefied product has cradle-to-gate embodied greenhouse gas emissions that are net negative, although they are higher than a comparable forest-derived woodchip product. Fossil energy demand for the torrefied product is lower than the forest-derived chip, indicating the torrefied product has strong potential for use as an environmentally beneficial feedstock for future processing.
    Keywords cradle-to-gate ; energy ; environmental impact ; extrusion ; feedstocks ; fossil fuels ; gasification ; greenhouse gases ; pelleting ; pyrolysis ; torrefaction ; wastes ; wood chips
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-02
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1483666-x
    ISSN 0378-3820
    ISSN 0378-3820
    DOI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.107094
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  6. Article ; Online: Properties of pellets of torrefied U.S. waste blends.

    Zinchik, Stas / Xu, Zhuo / Kolapkar, Shreyas S / Bar-Ziv, Ezra / McDonald, Armando G

    Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 104, Page(s) 130–138

    Abstract: With the continued growing U.S. population, solid waste generation will increase, which will lead to undesired and significant growth in landfilling. Thermal treatment can turn these high calorific value wastes into fuels that can be used in small-to- ... ...

    Abstract With the continued growing U.S. population, solid waste generation will increase, which will lead to undesired and significant growth in landfilling. Thermal treatment can turn these high calorific value wastes into fuels that can be used in small-to-large power plants. This article focuses on using blends with 40% plastic and 60% fiber wastes and converting them into densified solid fuel by torrefaction and extrusion. The material was torrefied at 300 °C to obtain torrefied samples with different mass losses, ranging from 0% to a maximum of 51%. The torrefaction results showed a clear synergy between plastics and fibers. The torrefied material was then extruded into 9 mm diameter rods and the products were characterized by molecular functional group analysis, thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, dynamic rheological measurement, density measurement, flexural testing, water absorption test, size distribution measurement, heat content test, and combustion test. The fiber content in the material decreased as mass loss increased, and the process reduced significantly the variability of the material. The heat content increased as the mass loss increased. The plastic in the feedstock acted as a process enabler as it imparted properties like bindability, water resistance, high heat content, and increased degradation reaction rate.
    MeSH term(s) Biomass ; Hot Temperature ; Plastics ; Solid Waste ; Temperature ; Water
    Chemical Substances Plastics ; Solid Waste ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2001471-5
    ISSN 1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
    ISSN (online) 1879-2456
    ISSN 0956-053X
    DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

To top