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Article: Virulence Phenotypes of the Wheat Leaf Rust Pathogen,

Kolmer, James A / Fajolu, Oluseyi

2022 Volume 106, Issue 6, Page(s) 1723–1729

Abstract: Collections of wheat leaves infected with the leaf rust fungus, ...

Abstract	Collections of wheat leaves infected with the leaf rust fungus,
MeSH term(s)	Basidiomycota/genetics ; Ohio ; Phenotype ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Puccinia ; Triticum/microbiology ; United States ; Virulence/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-10-21-2321-RE
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Article ; Online: Adult plant leaf rust resistance QTL derived from wheat line CI13227 maps to chromosomes 2AL, 4BS, and 7AL.

Kolmer, James A / Rouse, Matthew N

The plant genome

2022 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e20215

Abstract: The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CI13227 has been characterized as having adult plant resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks (Pt). Line CI13227 was crossed with the susceptible spring wheat 'Thatcher' (Tc) and a Tc*2/ ... ...

Abstract	The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CI13227 has been characterized as having adult plant resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks (Pt). Line CI13227 was crossed with the susceptible spring wheat 'Thatcher' (Tc) and a Tc*2/CI13227 F
MeSH term(s)	Basidiomycota ; Chromosomes, Plant ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; Phenotype ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; Plant Leaves/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Triticum/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375444-8
ISSN	1940-3372 ; 0011-183X
ISSN (online)	1940-3372
ISSN	0011-183X
DOI	10.1002/tpg2.20215
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Virulence Phenotypes of the Wheat Leaf Rust Pathogen, Puccinia triticina, in the United States from 2018 to 2020

Kolmer, James A. / Fajolu, Oluseyi

Plant disease. 2022 June 01, v. 106, no. 6

2022

Abstract: Collections of wheat leaves infected with the leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina, were obtained from the southeastern states, the Ohio Valley, the Great Plains, and Washington in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to determine the prevalent virulence phenotypes in ... ...

Abstract	Collections of wheat leaves infected with the leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina, were obtained from the southeastern states, the Ohio Valley, the Great Plains, and Washington in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to determine the prevalent virulence phenotypes in the wheat-growing regions of the United States. In the hard red winter wheat region of the southern and mid Great Plains, MNPSD and MPPSD were the two most common phenotypes in 2018 and 2019. In 2020, BBBQD with high virulence to durum wheat was the most common phenotype in the southern Great Plains. In the hard red spring wheat region of the northern Great Plains, MNPSD, MPPSD, MBDSD, and TBBGS were the predominant phenotypes. In the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley region, MBTNB, MCTNB, and MNPSD were the three most common phenotypes. Collections in Washington had phenotypes LBDSG, LCDSG, LCDJG, and MBDSB that were not found in any other region. Isolates with virulence to the leaf rust resistance (Lr) gene Lr11 were most frequent in the southeastern states and Ohio Valley regions. The frequency of isolates with virulence to the Lr39 gene was highest in the Great Plains region and frequency of isolates with virulence to the Lr21 gene was highest in the northern Great Plains region. Selection of virulence phenotypes by Lr genes in the different market classes of wheat, combined with the effects of clonal reproduction, overwintering in southern regions, and low migration between the Great Plains region and eastern wheat-producing regions, has maintained the different P. triticina populations in the United States.
Keywords	Puccinia recondita ; asexual reproduction ; durum wheat ; genes ; hard red spring wheat ; hard red winter wheat ; leaf rust ; markets ; overwintering ; phenotype ; soft red winter wheat ; virulence ; Great Plains region ; Ohio
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0601
Size	p. 1723-1729.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-10-21-2321-RE
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Article: Adult plant leaf rust resistance QTL derived from wheat line CI13227 maps to chromosomes 2AL, 4BS, and 7AL

Kolmer, James A. / Rouse, Matthew N.

The plant genome. 2022 Sept., v. 15, no. 3

2022

Abstract	The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CI13227 has been characterized as having adult plant resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks (Pt). Line CI13227 was crossed with the susceptible spring wheat ‘Thatcher’ (Tc) and a Tc*2/CI13227 F₆ line with adult plant leaf rust resistance designated as 411A was derived. Line 411A was crossed with Tc to develop an F₆ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The parents and 120 F₆ lines were assessed for leaf rust severity at the flag leaf stage in five field plot tests from 2011 through 2015 and were genotyped for single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with the Illumina iSelect 90K wheat bead array. A total of 2,384 SNP markers segregated among the RILs. Completely linked SNPs were removed, and 474 markers that covered 2,605 centimorgans (cM) were used for linkage map construction. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 2AL with logarithm of odds (LOD) values 2.34–7.88, on chromosome 4BS with LOD values 1.35– 4.66, and on chromosome 7AL with LOD values 2.92–7.81 were associated with significant reduction in leaf rust severity in the field plot tests. Recombinant inbred lines that had combinations of two or three of the QTL had significantly lower leaf rust severity than RILs that lacked any resistance QTL. Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers were developed for the SNPs that were closely linked with the three QTL to facilitate marker‐based selection of the leaf rust resistance in breeding programs.
Keywords	Puccinia recondita ; Triticum aestivum ; alleles ; chromosome mapping ; chromosomes ; genotyping ; inbred lines ; leaf rust ; leaves ; mature plants ; polymerase chain reaction ; quantitative traits ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; spring wheat ; winter wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2375444-8
ISSN	1940-3372 ; 0011-183X
ISSN (online)	1940-3372
ISSN	0011-183X
DOI	10.1002/tpg2.20215
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Article ; Online: High-Resolution Melting-Based Marker Development for Wheat Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Lr34

Kaur, Shivreet / Pennington, Taylor / Conley, Emily J. / Green, Andrew / Kolmer, James / Anderson, James / Gupta, Rajiv / Gill, Upinder

Phytopathology®. 2023 Mar., v. 113, no. 3 p.508-515

2023

Abstract: Deploying adult plant resistance (APR) against rust diseases is an important breeding objective of most wheat-breeding programs. The gene Lr34 is an effective and widely deployed broad-spectrum APR gene in wheat against leaf rust fungus Puccinia ... ...

Abstract	Deploying adult plant resistance (APR) against rust diseases is an important breeding objective of most wheat-breeding programs. The gene Lr34 is an effective and widely deployed broad-spectrum APR gene in wheat against leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina. Various molecular markers have been developed for Lr34, but they either require post-PCR handling processes or are not economical. Herein, we developed a high-resolution melting (HRM)-based diagnostic assay for Lr34 based on a 3-bp ‘TTC’ deletion in exon 11 of the resistant allele. The susceptible cultivar Thatcher (Tc) and the near-isogenic Thatcher line (RL6058) with Lr34 yielded distinct melting profiles and were differentiated with high reproducibility. For further validation, all three copies of Lr34 were cloned in plasmid vectors, and HRM analysis using individual and combination (equimolar mixture of three copies) homoeologs yielded distinct melting profiles. An additional layer of genotyping was provided by a LunaProbe assay. The allele-specific probes successfully distinguished the homoeologs but not Tc and RL6058. Furthermore, the practical deployment of the HRM assay was tested by running the marker on a set of breeding lines. When compared with a kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) Lr34 assay, the HRM assay had similar genotyping results and was able to accurately differentiate the resistant and susceptible breeding lines. However, our HRM assay was unable to detect the heterozygote. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an HRM assay for genotyping a wheat rust resistance gene.
Keywords	Puccinia recondita ; alleles ; cultivars ; exons ; fungi ; genotyping ; heterozygosity ; leaf rust ; mature plants ; plasmids ; resistance genes ; wheat ; adult plant resistance ; high-resolution melting ; Lr34 ; molecular marker
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 508-515.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-08-22-0313-R
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Article: Wheat leaf lust in the United States in 2019

Kolmer, James A. / Fajolu, Oluseyi Lydia

Annual wheat newsletter. 2020 Sept. 1, v. 66

2020

Abstract: Leaves of wheat infected with the leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina, were obtained from farm fields and breeding plots at experimental stations in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, and southeastern states in 2019 in order to identify virulence ... ...

Abstract	Leaves of wheat infected with the leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina, were obtained from farm fields and breeding plots at experimental stations in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, and southeastern states in 2019 in order to identify virulence phenotypes prevalent in the United States in different wheat growing regions. A total of 252 single uredinial isolates derived from the leaf rust collections were tested for virulence to 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes. A total of 32 virulence phenotypes were described in the United States in 2019. The three most common virulence phenotypes across the United States were MNPSD, MPPSD, and MBTNB. Phenotype MBTNB is virulent to Lr11, and was most common in the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Phenotypes MNPSD and MPPSD are virulent to Lr17, Lr37, and Lr39, and were most common in the hard red winter wheat area of the southern Great Plains. The hard red winter wheat SY Monument, widely grown in the central Great Plains had increased rust severity in 2019. Race MNPSD had virulence to seedlings and adult plants of SY Monument. The P. triticina population in the United States was characterized by two major regional groups of virulence phenotypes in the Great Plains region where hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars are grown, and in the southeastern states and Ohio Valley region where soft red winter wheat cultivars are grown.
Keywords	Puccinia recondita ; adults ; cultivars ; farms ; hard red winter wheat ; leaf rust ; leaves ; monuments ; phenotype ; river valleys ; soft red winter wheat ; spring wheat ; virulence ; winter ; Great Plains region ; Ohio ; Ohio River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0901
Size	p. 89-91.
Document type	Article
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Article: Identification of leaf rust resistance loci in a geographically diverse panel of wheat using genome-wide association analysis.

Kaur, Shivreet / Gill, Harsimardeep S / Breiland, Matthew / Kolmer, James A / Gupta, Rajeev / Sehgal, Sunish K / Gill, Upinder

Frontiers in plant science

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1090163

Abstract: Leaf rust, caused ... ...

Abstract	Leaf rust, caused by
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1090163
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Article: High-Resolution Melting-Based Marker Development for Wheat Leaf Rust Resistance Gene

Kaur, Shivreet / Pennington, Taylor / Conley, Emily J / Green, Andrew / Kolmer, James / Anderson, James / Gupta, Rajeev / Gill, Upinder

Phytopathology

2023 Volume 113, Issue 3, Page(s) 508–515

Abstract: Deploying adult plant resistance (APR) against rust diseases is an important breeding objective of most wheat-breeding programs. The ... ...

Abstract	Deploying adult plant resistance (APR) against rust diseases is an important breeding objective of most wheat-breeding programs. The gene
MeSH term(s)	Reproducibility of Results ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Breeding ; Puccinia ; Basidiomycota/genetics ; Plants ; Disease Resistance/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-08-22-0313-R
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Article: Leaf Rust of Wheat: Pathogen Biology, Variation and Host Resistance

Kolmer, James

Forests. 2013 Jan. 16, v. 4, no. 1

2013

Abstract: Rusts are important pathogens of angiosperms and gymnosperms including cereal crops and forest trees. With respect to cereals, rust fungi are among the most important pathogens. Cereal rusts are heteroecious and macrocyclic requiring two taxonomically ... ...

Abstract	Rusts are important pathogens of angiosperms and gymnosperms including cereal crops and forest trees. With respect to cereals, rust fungi are among the most important pathogens. Cereal rusts are heteroecious and macrocyclic requiring two taxonomically unrelated hosts to complete a five spore stage life cycle. Cereal rust fungi are highly variable for virulence and molecular polymorphism. Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina is the most common rust of wheat on a worldwide basis. Many different races of P. triticina that vary for virulence to leaf rust resistance genes in wheat differential lines are found annually in the US. Molecular markers have been used to characterize rust populations in the US and worldwide. Highly virulent races of P. triticina are selected by leaf rust resistance genes in the soft red winter wheat, hard red winter wheat and hard red spring wheat cultivars that are grown in different regions of the US. Cultivars that only have race-specific leaf rust resistance genes that are effective in seedling plants lose their effective resistance and become susceptible within a few years of release. Cultivars with combinations of race non-specific resistance genes have remained resistant over a period of years even though races of the leaf rust population have changed constantly.
Keywords	cultivars ; forest trees ; genetic markers ; grain crops ; Gymnospermae ; hard red spring wheat ; hard red winter wheat ; hosts ; leaf rust ; plant pathogenic fungi ; Puccinia recondita ; races ; resistance genes ; seedlings ; soft red winter wheat ; spores ; Triticum ; virulence ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-0116
Size	p. 70-84.
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f4010070
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Article: Identification and characterization of the novel leaf rust resistance gene Lr81 in wheat

Xu, Xiangyang / Kolmer, James / Li, Genqiao / Tan, Chengcheng / Carver, Brett F. / Bian, Ruolin / Bernardo, Amy / Bai, Guihua

Theoretical and applied genetics. 2022 Aug., v. 135, no. 8

2022

Abstract: KEY MESSAGE: The novel, leaf rust seedling resistance gene, Lr81, was identified in a Croatian breeding line and mapped to a genomic region of less than 100 Kb on chromosome 2AS. Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widespread ... ...

Abstract	KEY MESSAGE: The novel, leaf rust seedling resistance gene, Lr81, was identified in a Croatian breeding line and mapped to a genomic region of less than 100 Kb on chromosome 2AS. Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widespread rust disease in wheat. Races of Puccinia triticina evolve rapidly in the southern Great Plains of the USA, and leaf rust resistance genes often lose effectiveness shortly after deployment in wheat production. PI 470121, a wheat breeding line developed by the University of Zagreb in Croatia, showed high resistance to Puccinia triticina races collected from Oklahoma, suggesting that PI 470121 could be a leaf rust resistance source for the southern Great Plains of the USA. Genetic analysis based on an F₂ population and F₂:₃ families derived from the cross PI 470121 × Stardust indicated that PI 470121 carries a dominant seedling resistance gene, designated as Lr81. Linkage mapping delimited Lr81 to a genomic region of 96,148 bp flanked by newly developed KASP markers Xstars-KASP320 and Xstars-KASP323 on the short arm of chromosome 2A, spanning 67,030,206–67,132,354 bp in the Chinese Spring reference assembly (IWGSC RefSeq v1.0). Deletion bin mapping assigned Lr81 to the terminal bin 2AS-0.78–1.00. Allelism tests indicated that Lr81 is a distinctive leaf rust resistance locus with the physical order Lr65-Lr17-Lr81. Marker-assisted selection based on a set of markers closely linked to leaf rust resistance genes in PI 470121 and Stardust enabled identification of a recombinant inbred line RIL92 carrying Lr81 only. Lr81 is a valuable leaf rust resistance source that can be rapidly introgressed into locally adapted cultivars using KASP markers Xstars-KASP320 and Xstars-KASP323.
Keywords	Puccinia recondita ; allelism ; chromosomes ; cultivars ; genetic analysis ; genomics ; inbred lines ; introgression ; leaf rust ; marker-assisted selection ; resistance genes ; seedlings ; wheat ; Croatia ; Oklahoma
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 2725-2734.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2170-2
ISSN	1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
ISSN (online)	1432-2242
ISSN	0040-5752
DOI	10.1007/s00122-022-04145-5
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