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  1. Article ; Online: Agreement Between the Gross Motor Ability Estimator-2 and the Gross Motor Ability Estimator-3 in Young Children With Cerebral Palsy.

    Pierce, Samuel R / Skorup, Julie / Kolobe, Thubi H A / Smith, Beth A / Prosser, Laura A

    Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–40

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the agreement between Gross Motor Ability Estimator-2 (GMAE-2) and Gross Motor Ability Estimator-3 (GMAE-3) calculations of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) scores in infants and young ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the agreement between Gross Motor Ability Estimator-2 (GMAE-2) and Gross Motor Ability Estimator-3 (GMAE-3) calculations of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) scores in infants and young children with cerebral palsy.
    Methods: Data from 53 children 5 to 53 months of age were analyzed. Agreement between GMFM-66 scores using the GMAE-2 and the GMAE-3 was calculated using Bland-Altman plots and interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Eleven participants who had at least 1 GMFM-66 score of less than 25 using either method were identified for further analysis.
    Results: The average difference between GMFM-66 scores was 0.27 for all participants and 0.63 for the subset of lower-scoring participants. Good agreement was found for GMFM-66 scores for all participants (ICC = 0.998) and for subset of lower-scoring participants (ICC = 0.879).
    Conclusions: High levels of agreement exist between the GMAE-2 and the GMAE-3, which suggests that scores are comparable using either algorithm.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Infant ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Motor Skills ; Cerebral Palsy/rehabilitation ; Disability Evaluation ; Algorithms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036679-9
    ISSN 1538-005X ; 0898-5669
    ISSN (online) 1538-005X
    ISSN 0898-5669
    DOI 10.1097/PEP.0000000000001065
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Parents of Preterm and Very Low Birthweight Infants and Their Childrearing Practices.

    Koldoff, Elizabeth A / Holtzclaw, Barbara J / Kolobe, Thubi H A

    Western journal of nursing research

    2021  Volume 44, Issue 7, Page(s) 692–700

    Abstract: Emerging research supports that early intervention leads to better health and higher functional status for infants with very low birthweight and/or low gestational age. Optimizing the transition from neonatal intensive care to early intervention programs ...

    Abstract Emerging research supports that early intervention leads to better health and higher functional status for infants with very low birthweight and/or low gestational age. Optimizing the transition from neonatal intensive care to early intervention programs relies heavily on parent engagement. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to investigate the relationship between parental characteristics, childrearing behaviors, and participation in early intervention. We used convenience sampling of 49 parents who participated in early intervention and the Parent Behavior Checklist to assess parent characteristics. Correlation coefficients between parenting behaviors, birthweight, and participation in early intervention were low. An important finding was that most parents in this study were within the "average" range for childrearing practices, despite the documented challenges associated with very low birthweight or gestational age. Despite documented challenges, parents of preterm infants with very low birthweight and parents of typical birthweight infants have similar parenting beliefs and behavior.
    MeSH term(s) Birth Weight ; Child ; Child Rearing ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632788-6
    ISSN 1552-8456 ; 0193-9459
    ISSN (online) 1552-8456
    ISSN 0193-9459
    DOI 10.1177/01939459211015670
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Impact of Cognition on Motor Learning and Skill Acquisition Using a Robot Intervention in Infants With Cerebral Palsy.

    Chandrashekhar, Raghuveer / Wang, Hongwu / Rippetoe, Josiah / James, Shirley A / Fagg, Andrew H / Kolobe, Thubi H A

    Frontiers in robotics and AI

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 805258

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2781824-X
    ISSN 2296-9144 ; 2296-9144
    ISSN (online) 2296-9144
    ISSN 2296-9144
    DOI 10.3389/frobt.2022.805258
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Locomotor learning in infants at high risk for cerebral palsy: A study protocol.

    Prosser, Laura A / Skorup, Julie / Pierce, Samuel R / Jawad, Abbas F / Fagg, Andrew H / Kolobe, Thubi H A / Smith, Beth A

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 891633

    Abstract: Background: Physical disability in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) creates lifelong mobility challenges and healthcare costs. Despite this, very little is known about how infants at high risk for CP learn to move and acquire early locomotor skills, ...

    Abstract Background: Physical disability in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) creates lifelong mobility challenges and healthcare costs. Despite this, very little is known about how infants at high risk for CP learn to move and acquire early locomotor skills, which set the foundation for lifelong mobility. The objective of this project is to characterize the evolution of locomotor learning over the first 18 months of life in infants at high risk for CP. To characterize how locomotor skill is learned, we will use robotic and sensor technology to provide intervention and longitudinally study infant movement across three stages of the development of human motor control: early spontaneous movement, prone locomotion (crawling), and upright locomotion (walking).
    Study design: This longitudinal observational/intervention cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04561232) will enroll sixty participants who are at risk for CP due to a brain injury by one month post-term age. Study participation will be completed by 18 months of age. Early spontaneous leg movements will be measured monthly from 1 to 4 months of age using inertial sensors worn on the ankles for two full days each month. Infants who remain at high risk for CP at 4 months of age, as determined from clinical assessments of motor function and movement quality, will continue through two locomotor training phases. Prone locomotor training will be delivered from 5 to 9 months of age using a robotic crawl training device that responds to infant behavior in real-time. Upright locomotor training will be delivered from 9 to 18 months of age using a dynamic weight support system to allow participants to practice skills beyond their current level of function. Repeated assessments of locomotor skill, training characteristics (such as movement error, variability, movement time and postural control), and variables that may mediate locomotor learning will be collected every two months during prone training and every three months during upright training.
    Discussion: This study will develop predictive models of locomotor skill acquisition over time. We hypothesize that experiencing and correcting movement errors is critical to skill acquisition in infants at risk for CP and that locomotor learning is mediated by neurobehavioral factors outside of training.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2023.891633
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Robot Reinforcement and Error-Based Movement Learning in Infants With and Without Cerebral Palsy.

    Kolobe, Thubi H A / Fagg, Andrew H

    Physical therapy

    2019  Volume 99, Issue 6, Page(s) 677–688

    Abstract: Background: Prone mobility, central to development of diverse psychological and social processes that have lasting effects on life participation, is seldom attained by infants with cerebral palsy (CP) and has no tested interventions. Reinforcement ... ...

    Abstract Background: Prone mobility, central to development of diverse psychological and social processes that have lasting effects on life participation, is seldom attained by infants with cerebral palsy (CP) and has no tested interventions. Reinforcement learning (RL) and error-based movement learning (EBL) offer novel intervention possibilities.
    Objective: This study examined movement learning strategies in infants with or at risk for CP using RL and EBL during acquisition of prone locomotion.
    Design: The study was a randomized trial that used repeated measures.
    Setting: The study setting was a university physical therapy clinic in the United States.
    Patients: Thirty infants aged 4.5 to 6.5 months participated in the study: 24 had or were at risk for CP, and 6 were typically developing.
    Intervention: Infants with and at risk for CP were randomly assigned to a combination of RL and EBL (SIPPC-RE), or RL only (SIPPC-R) conditions. Infants with typical development comprised the RL-only reference group (SIPPC-TD). Infants trained in prone locomotion with the Self-Initiated Prone Progression Crawler (SIPPC) robotic system for three 5-minute trials, twice a week for 12 weeks in their homes or child care. All training sessions were videotaped for behavioral coding.
    Measurements: The SIPPC gathered robot and infant trunk/limb movement data. Randomized 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and Pearson r to analyze the data was used.
    Results: Results included the number of arm movements and trial-and-error activity distinguished between the SIPPC-RE and SIPPC-R groups. The mean change in arm movements from baseline for the SIPPC-RE and SIPPC-R groups was 4.8 m and -7.0 m, respectively. The mean differences in rotational amplitude (trial and error) from baseline to the end of the study were 278 degrees and 501 degrees, respectively. These changes were correlated with distance traveled and goal-directed movements. The latter increased over the 12 weeks for the SIPPC-RE and SIPPC-TD groups, but not the SIPPC-R group.
    Limitations: The CP groups were unequal due to reassignment and did not include a typically developing comparison group of a combination of RL and EBL.
    Conclusion: These findings suggest movement learning and retention in infants with CP is differentially affected by the use of RL and EBL, with a combination of both showing more promise than RL alone. The findings also implicate cognition, type of brain insult, emergence of reaching, and muscle force production, which must be explored in future studies.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Palsy/rehabilitation ; Child Development/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Movement/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Prone Position/physiology ; Robotics/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 415886-6
    ISSN 1538-6724 ; 0031-9023
    ISSN (online) 1538-6724
    ISSN 0031-9023
    DOI 10.1093/ptj/pzz043
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Concurrent Validity of the School Outcomes Measure and the School Function Assessment in Elementary Students.

    Klug, Kimberly B / Kolobe, Thubi H A / James, Shirley A / Arnold, Sandra H

    Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 180–188

    Abstract: Purpose: Examine the concurrent validity of the School Outcomes Measure (SOM) and the School Function Assessment (SFA) in students kindergarten through sixth grade.: Methods: Twenty-four school-based therapists completed the SOM and the SFA for 42 ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Examine the concurrent validity of the School Outcomes Measure (SOM) and the School Function Assessment (SFA) in students kindergarten through sixth grade.
    Methods: Twenty-four school-based therapists completed the SOM and the SFA for 42 students, representing Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to V.
    Results: Correlation coefficients between SOM Self-Care, Mobility, and Assuming Student's Role median total scores and the 21 SFA Activity Performance scale median criterion scores were statistically significant. There were significant correlation coefficients between SOM Expressing Learning and Behavior and SFA median criterion scores. The SOM differentiated between GMFCS groups for all physical tasks but not cognitive/behavioral tasks, and the SFA for half of the physical tasks.
    Conclusions: Overall, student performance on the SOM was consistent with participation on the SFA, which lends support to the preliminary validity of the SOM. The GMFCS analysis suggests that the SOM differentiates between the GMFCS levels for physical tasks.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Children/statistics & numerical data ; Educational Measurement/standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Psychometrics/standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schools/statistics & numerical data ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1036679-9
    ISSN 1538-005X ; 0898-5669
    ISSN (online) 1538-005X
    ISSN 0898-5669
    DOI 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000710
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Childrearing practices and developmental expectations for Mexican-American mothers and the developmental status of their infants.

    Kolobe, Thubi H A

    Physical therapy

    2004  Volume 84, Issue 5, Page(s) 439–453

    Abstract: Background and purpose: The impact of parent education programs on early intervention programs is not thought to be uniform among children from majority and minority populations. This study examined the relationship between maternal childrearing ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: The impact of parent education programs on early intervention programs is not thought to be uniform among children from majority and minority populations. This study examined the relationship between maternal childrearing practices and behaviors and the developmental status of Mexican-American infants.
    Subjects: Participants were 62 Mexican-American mother-infant pairs. The infants' mean adjusted age was 12 months (SD=1.7, range=9-14). A third of the children were diagnosed with developmental delays and referred for early intervention by physicians or therapists when the children received their medical follow-up. The group was stratified according to socioeconomic status and acculturation using the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. This scale uses cutoff points to classify individuals into 3 levels of acculturation.
    Methods: Information on childrearing practices and behaviors was gathered using the Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC), the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory, and the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS). Infants' developmental status was assessed by use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II). The Pearson product moment correlation, partial correlations, Fisher z transformation, and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between childrearing practices and parenting behaviors, demographic factors, and infants' developmental status.
    Results: Maternal nurturing behaviors, parent-child interaction, and quality of the home environment were positively correlated with the infants' cognitive development. Maternal years of education modified the observed relationship between PBC and BSID II scores but not the observed relationship between HOME Inventory and NCATS scores. The childrearing practices, maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and age, and infants' gestational age at birth (GA) explained 45% of the variance in infants' cognitive scores. The infants' GA, maternal SES and age, and NCATS scores accounted for 32% of the motor scores on the BSID II.
    Discussion and conclusion: The findings partially support a link between aspects of the mothers' childrearing behaviors and their infants' cognitive developmental status. For motor developmental status, the association appeared stronger with the infants' characteristics than with maternal childrearing practices and behaviors tested in this study.
    MeSH term(s) Acculturation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Chicago ; Child Development/physiology ; Child Rearing/ethnology ; Cognition/physiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mexican Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Mother-Child Relations ; Motor Skills/physiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 415886-6
    ISSN 0031-9023
    ISSN 0031-9023
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  8. Article ; Online: Early childrearing practices and their relationship to academic performance in Mexican American children.

    Arevalo, Amanda / Kolobe, Thubi H A / Arnold, Sandra / DeGrace, Beth

    Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association

    2014  Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 214–222

    Abstract: Purpose: To examine whether parenting behaviors and childrearing practices in the first 3 years of life among Mexican American (MA) families predict children's academic performance at school age.: Methods: Thirty-six children were assessed using the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To examine whether parenting behaviors and childrearing practices in the first 3 years of life among Mexican American (MA) families predict children's academic performance at school age.
    Methods: Thirty-six children were assessed using the Parent Behavior Checklist, Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory, and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Academic performance was measured with the Illinois Standards Achievement Test during third grade.
    Results: Correlation between parents' developmental expectations, nurturing behaviors, discipline, and academic performance were statistically significant (P < .05). Developmental expectations and discipline strategies predicted 30% of the variance in the Illinois Standards Achievement Test of reading.
    Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that early developmental expectations that MA parents have for their children, and the nurturing and discipline behaviors they engage in, are related to how well the children perform on academic tests at school age.
    MeSH term(s) Acculturation ; Behavior ; Child Development ; Child Rearing/ethnology ; Child, Preschool ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mexican Americans ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting/ethnology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1036679-9
    ISSN 1538-005X ; 0898-5669
    ISSN (online) 1538-005X
    ISSN 0898-5669
    DOI 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Spectra of infant EEG within the first year of life: A pilot study.

    Xiao, Ran / Qi, Xiao / Fagg, Andrew H / Kolobe, Thubi H A / Miller, David P / Ding, Lei

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2016  Volume 2015, Page(s) 4753–4756

    Abstract: Rhythmic activities in electroencephalography (EEG) have been extensively studied in adults and classic rhythms are found to correlate with specific human brain functions. However, less has been investigated in infant EEG, and EEG rhythms in infants at ... ...

    Abstract Rhythmic activities in electroencephalography (EEG) have been extensively studied in adults and classic rhythms are found to correlate with specific human brain functions. However, less has been investigated in infant EEG, and EEG rhythms in infants at early ages have not been well characterized in terms of their frequency ranges. In the present pilot study, we investigated rhythmic activities in infant EEG recorded weekly from 4-8 months using high-density EEG sensor nets. The developmental changes of EEG rhythms in different frequency bands along maturation were evaluated through spectral analysis. Their longitudinal scalp maps were also studied to understand their plausible functional correlates. The present study aims to enrich the sparse knowledge about the developing patterns of EEG rhythms within the first year of life from EEG recordings of high temporal and spatial resolutions.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Mapping ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319456
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  10. Article ; Online: Concurrent validity of the School Outcomes Measure (SOM) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) in preschool-age children.

    Wilson, Rebecca A A / Kolobe, Thubi H A / Arnold, Sandra H / McEwen, Irene R

    Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics

    2015  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–53

    Abstract: Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the School Outcomes Measure (SOM) compared with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) in preschool-age children. This study also examined the consistency of ... ...

    Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the School Outcomes Measure (SOM) compared with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) in preschool-age children. This study also examined the consistency of children's motor performance across the home and school settings.
    Methods: Five school-based physical therapists collected data on 44 preschool-age children with physical or combined physical and cognitive disability. Correlation coefficients analyzed the strength of association between SOM and PEDI subscale scores, while participant group mean scores analyzed agreement between measures regarding level of motor performance.
    Results: Correlations between homologous PEDI and SOM subscale scores varied from rs = .53 to rs = .92 supporting concurrent validity. With some exceptions, group mean SOM scores showed agreement with group mean PEDI scores when children were categorized by age, gross motor function level, or PEDI cutoff score (1 or 2 SD below the mean).
    Conclusions: The results partially support concurrent validity between the SOM and PEDI, and suggest that the children's motor performance was similar across home and school settings. The findings also suggest that as a minimal database the SOM can reliably assess motor performance in the school setting; the disadvantage is difficulty interpreting SOM scores.
    MeSH term(s) Activities of Daily Living ; Child, Preschool ; Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Children/rehabilitation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mobility Limitation ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Psychomotor Performance ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schools ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Studies
    ZDB-ID 783998-4
    ISSN 1541-3144 ; 0194-2638
    ISSN (online) 1541-3144
    ISSN 0194-2638
    DOI 10.3109/01942638.2014.975310
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