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Article ; Online: E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation.

Stein, James H / Korcarz, Claudia E

2019 Volume 380, Issue 20, Page(s) 1973–1974

MeSH term(s)	Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Nicotine ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; Tobacco Use Disorder
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMc1903758
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Article ; Online: Biomechanics models predict increasing smooth muscle tone as a novel therapeutic target for central arterial dysfunction in hypertension.

Pewowaruk, Ryan J / Colebank, Mitchel J / Spronck, Bart / Korcarz, Claudia E / Gepner, Adam D

Journal of hypertension

2023 Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 572–579

Abstract: Introduction: Vasodilation can paradoxically increase arterial stiffness in older, hypertensive adults. This study modeled increasing smooth muscle tone as a therapeutic strategy to improve central arterial dysfunction in hypertension using participant- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Vasodilation can paradoxically increase arterial stiffness in older, hypertensive adults. This study modeled increasing smooth muscle tone as a therapeutic strategy to improve central arterial dysfunction in hypertension using participant-specific simulations. Methods: Participant-specific models of the carotid artery were parameterized from vascular ultrasound measures of nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation in 18 hypertensive veterans. The acute changes in carotid artery mechanics were simulated for changes of ±2, ±4, and ±6% in smooth muscle tone and ±5, ±10, and ±15 mmHg in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The chronic carotid artery adaptations were simulated based on the hypothesis that the carotid artery will remodel wall-cross sectional area to maintain mechanical homeostasis. Results: A 6% increase in smooth muscle tone acutely decreased carotid pulse wave velocity from 6.89 ± 1.24 m/s to 5.83 ± 1.73 m/s, and a 15 mmHg decrease in MAP decreased carotid pulse wave velocity to 6.17 ± 1.23 m/s. A 6% increase in smooth muscle tone acutely decreased wall stress from 76.2 ± 12.3 to 64.2 ± 10.4 kPa, and a 15 mmHg decrease in MAP decreased wall stress to 60.6 ± 10.7 kPa. A 6% increase in smooth muscle tone chronically decreased wall cross-sectional area from 18.3 ± 5.4 to 15.2 ± 4.9 mm 2, and a 15 mmHg decrease in MAP decreased wall cross-sectional area to 14.3 ± 4.6 mm 2 . Conclusion: In participant-specific simulation, increasing smooth muscle tone can have a stronger or equivalent effect on carotid artery mechanics compared with decreasing blood pressure. Increasing central arterial smooth muscle tone may be a novel therapeutic target to improve central arterial dysfunction in older, hypertensive adults and should be a focus of future research.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Carotid Arteries ; Muscle, Smooth
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	605532-1
ISSN	1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
ISSN (online)	1473-5598
ISSN	0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
DOI	10.1097/HJH.0000000000003370
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Zs.A 1885: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 614: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effects of nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation on elastic and muscular artery stiffness in older Veterans.

Pewowaruk, Ryan J / Hein, Amy J / Carlsson, Cynthia M / Korcarz, Claudia E / Gepner, Adam D

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension

2022 Volume 45, Issue 12, Page(s) 1997–2007

Abstract: Vascular smooth muscle tone may play an important role in the physiology of increased arterial stiffness that occurs with aging. This study evaluated the impact of smooth muscle tone on arterial stiffness in older individuals following nitroglycerin- ... ...

Abstract	Vascular smooth muscle tone may play an important role in the physiology of increased arterial stiffness that occurs with aging. This study evaluated the impact of smooth muscle tone on arterial stiffness in older individuals following nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation in elastic and muscular arteries. Forty older Veterans (≥60 years old) without known cardiovascular disease were included in this study. Twenty Veterans were included as hypertensive participants (70.8 ± 6.6 years, 10 females), and 20 were included as normotensive controls (72.0 ± 9.3 years, 8 females). Nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced changes in arterial stiffness were measured locally with vascular ultrasound in the carotid and brachial arteries and regionally by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) with tonometry. With NTG treatment, both hypertensive participants and normotensive controls Veterans showed increased carotid PWV (6.4 ± 1.3 m/s to 7.2 ± 1.4 m/s, Δ 0.8 ± 1.1 m/s, p = 0.007) and cfPWV (8.6 ± 1.9 m/s to 9.5 ± 2.4 m/s, Δ 0.9 ± 2.3 m/s, p = 0.020) but did not show changes in brachial PWV (11.2 ± 2.4 m/s to 11.1 ± 2.2 m/s, Δ -0.2 ± 2.5 m/s, p = 0.72). The carotid artery was dilated more in control participants than hypertensive Veterans (Δ 0.54 ± 0.19 mm vs. 0.42 ± 0.12 mm, p = 0.022). Brachial artery dilation was similar between the two groups (Δ 0.55 ± 0.26 mm vs. 0.51 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.46). In older Veterans without known cardiovascular disease, NTG-induced vasodilation increased elastic artery stiffness but did not change muscular artery stiffness. Increased central arterial stiffness and a decrease in the arterial stiffness gradient could offset some of the benefits of lowering blood pressure in older patients who are prescribed vasodilators as an antihypertensive therapy. Elastic artery stiffening with vasodilation warrants further investigation, as it may be important for antihypertensive medication selection and influence CVD development.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Nitroglycerin/pharmacology ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vasodilation ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Veterans ; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; Femoral Artery ; Vascular Stiffness/physiology ; Brachial Artery ; Carotid Arteries ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Hypertension/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Nitroglycerin (G59M7S0WS3) ; Antihypertensive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1175297-x
ISSN	1348-4214 ; 0916-9636
ISSN (online)	1348-4214
ISSN	0916-9636
DOI	10.1038/s41440-022-00981-6
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Article ; Online: Effects of ultrasound technology advances on measurement of carotid intima-media thickness: A review.

Mitchell, Carol / Korcarz, Claudia E / Zagzebski, James A / Stein, James H

Vascular medicine (London, England)

2020 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–85

Abstract: In this review, we describe how technological advances in ultrasound imaging related to transducer construction and image processing fundamentally alter generation of ultrasound images to produce better quality images with higher resolution. However, ... ...

Abstract	In this review, we describe how technological advances in ultrasound imaging related to transducer construction and image processing fundamentally alter generation of ultrasound images to produce better quality images with higher resolution. However, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements made from images acquired on modern ultrasound systems are not comparable to historical population nomograms that were used to determine wall thickness thresholds that inform atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Because it is nearly impossible to replicate instrumentation settings that were used to create the reference carotid IMT nomograms and to place an individual's carotid IMT value in or above a clinically relevant percentile, carotid IMT measurements have a very limited role in clinical medicine, but remain a useful research tool when instrumentation, presets, image acquisition, and measurements can be standardized. In addition to new validation studies, it would be useful for the ultrasound imaging community to reach a consensus regarding technical aspects of ultrasound imaging acquisition, processing, and display for blood vessels so standard presets and imaging approaches could reliably yield the same measurements.
MeSH term(s)	Atherosclerosis ; Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Technology ; Ultrasonography
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1311628-9
ISSN	1477-0377 ; 1358-863X
ISSN (online)	1477-0377
ISSN	1358-863X
DOI	10.1177/1358863X20969826
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Zs.A 4409: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Exercise increases arterial stiffness independent of blood pressure in older Veterans.

Pewowaruk, Ryan J / Hein, Amy J / Hansen, Kristin M / Barnes, Jill N / Chesler, Naomi C / Korcarz, Claudia E / Gepner, Adam D

Journal of hypertension

2022 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 316–325

Abstract: Background: Exercise-induced changes in arterial function could contribute to a hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) in older individuals. We performed the present analysis to define the acute arterial stiffness response to exercise in ambulatory ... ...

Abstract	Background: Exercise-induced changes in arterial function could contribute to a hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) in older individuals. We performed the present analysis to define the acute arterial stiffness response to exercise in ambulatory older adults. Methods: Thirty-nine Veterans (>60 years old), without known cardiovascular disease, participated in this study, including 19 Veterans who were hypertensive (70.8 ± 6.8 years, 53% women) and 20 Veterans who were normotensive (72.0 ± 9.3 years, 40% women). Arterial stiffness parameters were measured locally with carotid artery ultrasound and regionally with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) before and during the 10 min after participants performed a Balke maximal exercise treadmill stress test. Results: The arterial stiffness response to exercise was similar for control and hypertensive participants. At 6 min postexercise, cfPWV was significantly increased (Δ1.5 ± 1.9 m/s, P = 0.004) despite mean blood pressure (BP) having returned to its baseline value (Δ1 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.79). Arterial mechanics modeling also showed BP-independent increases in arterial stiffness with exercise ( P < 0.05). Postexercise cfPWV was correlated with postexercise SBP ( r = 0.50, P = 0.004) while baseline cfPWV ( r = 0.13, P = 1.00), and postexercise total peripheral resistance ( r = -0.18, P = 1.00) were not. Conclusion: In older Veterans, exercise increases arterial stiffness independently of BP and the arterial stiffness increase with exercise is associated with increased postexercise SBP. BP-independent increases in arterial stiffness with exercise could contribute to a HRE in older adults.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness/physiology ; Veterans ; Hypertension
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	605532-1
ISSN	1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
ISSN (online)	1473-5598
ISSN	0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
DOI	10.1097/HJH.0000000000003334
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Zs.A 1885: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 614: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effects of an In Vivo Vaping Challenge on In Vitro Interleukin-6 Biosynthesis Pathways in Arterial Endothelial Cells Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Tattersall, Matthew C / Esnault, Stephane / Stewart, Ron / Vereide, David T / Swanson, Scott / Zhang, Jue / Steill, John / Jarjour, Nizar / Hansen, Kristin M / Korcarz, Claudia E / Baker, Timothy B / Stein, James H

Journal of the American Heart Association

2023 Volume 12, Issue 14, Page(s) e030139

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Vaping/adverse effects ; Interleukin-6 ; Endothelial Cells ; Human Embryonic Stem Cells ; Nicotine ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2653953-6
ISSN	2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
ISSN (online)	2047-9980
ISSN	2047-9980
DOI	10.1161/JAHA.123.030139
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Article: Changes in carotid artery texture by ultrasound and elastin features in a murine model.

Mitchell, Carol / Al Mukaddim, Rashid / Liu, Yuming / Graham, Melissa / Eickhoff, Jens C / Weichmann, Ashley M / Tattersall, Matthew C / Korcarz, Claudia E / Stein, James H / Varghese, Tomy / Eliceiri, Kevin W

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1215449

Abstract: Objective: In humans, arterial grayscale ultrasound texture features independently predict adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and change with medical interventions. We performed this study to examine how grayscale ultrasound texture features ... ...

Abstract	Objective: In humans, arterial grayscale ultrasound texture features independently predict adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and change with medical interventions. We performed this study to examine how grayscale ultrasound texture features and elastin fibers change in plaque-free segments of the arterial wall in a murine model prone to atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 10 Apoe Results: Arterial wall homogeneity changed significantly in male mice from 6 to 24 weeks, with a mean (SD) of 0.14 (0.03) units at 6 weeks and 0.18 (0.03) units at 24 weeks ( Conclusion: Grayscale ultrasound texture features that are associated with increased risk for CVD events in humans were used in a murine model, and the grayscale texture feature SGLD-HOM was shown to change in male mice from 6 weeks to 24 weeks. Structural alterations of the arterial wall (change in elastin fiber number) were observed during this time and may differ by sex.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2023.1215449
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Article ; Online: Phenotypic Variability in Atherosclerosis Burden in an Old-Order Amish Family With Homozygous Sitosterolemia.

Peterson, Amy L / DeLine, James / Korcarz, Claudia E / Dodge, Ann M / Stein, James H

JACC. Case reports

2020 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 646–650

Abstract: Sitosterolemia is a rare atherogenic sterol storage disease with variability in its presentation requiring a high degree of clinical suspicion. We present 8 cases of sitosterolemia from an Amish kindred that, despite a background of decreased genetic and ...

Abstract	Sitosterolemia is a rare atherogenic sterol storage disease with variability in its presentation requiring a high degree of clinical suspicion. We present 8 cases of sitosterolemia from an Amish kindred that, despite a background of decreased genetic and lifestyle variability, still had markedly variable presentations. (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2666-0849
ISSN (online)	2666-0849
DOI	10.1016/j.jaccas.2019.12.041
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Article ; Online: Effects of HIV Infection on Arterial Endothelial Function: Results From a Large Pooled Cohort Analysis.

Stein, James H / Kime, Noah / Korcarz, Claudia E / Ribaudo, Heather / Currier, Judith S / Delaney, Joseph C

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology

2020 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 512–522

Abstract: Objective: To determine the effects of HIV serostatus and disease severity on endothelial function in a large pooled cohort study of people living with HIV infection and HIV- controls. Approach and Results: We used participant-level data from 9 studies: ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the effects of HIV serostatus and disease severity on endothelial function in a large pooled cohort study of people living with HIV infection and HIV- controls. Approach and Results: We used participant-level data from 9 studies: 7 included people living with HIV (2 treatment-naïve) and 4 had HIV- controls. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured using a standardized ultrasound imaging protocol with central reading. After data harmonization, multiple linear regression was used to examine the effects of HIV- serostatus, HIV disease severity measures, and cardiovascular disease risk factors on FMD. Of 2533 participants, 986 were people living with HIV (mean 44.4 [SD 11.8] years old) and 1547 were HIV- controls (42.9 [12.2] years old). The strongest and most consistent associates of FMD were brachial artery diameter, age, sex, and body mass index. The effect of HIV+ serostatus on FMD was strongly influenced by kidney function. In the highest tertile of creatinine (1.0 mg/dL), the effect of HIV+ serostatus was strong (β=-1.59% [95% CI, -2.58% to -0.60%], Conclusions: The significant effect of HIV+ serostatus on FMD suggests that people living with HIV are at increased cardiovascular disease risk, especially if they have kidney disease.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Serodiagnosis ; AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/complications ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Brachial Artery/physiopathology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV Seronegativity ; HIV Seropositivity ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vasodilation ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1221433-4
ISSN	1524-4636 ; 1079-5642
ISSN (online)	1524-4636
ISSN	1079-5642
DOI	10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315435
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Zs.A 1705: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Responses to Acute Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Combustible Cigarettes in Long-Term Users.

Tattersall, Matthew C / Hughey, Christina M / Piasecki, Thomas M / Korcarz, Claudia E / Hansen, Kristin M / Ott, Nancy R / Sandbo, Nathan / Fiore, Michael C / Baker, Timothy B / Stein, James H

Chest

2023 Volume 164, Issue 3, Page(s) 757–769

Abstract: Background: The acute cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of contemporary electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in long-term users are not known.: Research question: What are the cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to an acute 15-min ... ...

Abstract	Background: The acute cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of contemporary electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in long-term users are not known. Research question: What are the cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to an acute 15-min product use challenge with ENDS and combustible cigarettes in regular nicotine-containing product users compared with control participants who do not use tobacco or vape? Study design and methods: Observational challenge study before and after nicotine-containing product use of 395 individuals who used ENDS exclusively (n = 164; exhaled carbon monoxide level, < 5 parts per million [ppm]; positive urine NicCheck I [Mossman Associates] results, 82%; fourth-generation ENDS), participants who smoked cigarettes exclusively (n = 117; carbon monoxide level, > 5 ppm; positive urine NicCheck I results), and control participants (n = 114; carbon monoxide level, < 5 ppm; negative urine NicCheck I results). Results: During the 15-min product challenge, cigarette users took a median of 14.0 puffs (interquartile range [IQR], 9.3 puffs); ENDS users took 9.0 puffs (IQR, 7.5 puffs; P < .001). After product challenge, compared with control participants, ENDS users showed greater increases in adjusted mean differences in systolic BP (5.6 mm Hg [95% CI, 4.4-6.8 mm Hg] vs 2.3 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.8-3.8 mm Hg]; P = .001), diastolic BP (4.2 mm Hg [95% CI, 3.3-5.0 mm Hg] vs 2.0 mm Hg [95% CI, 1.1-3.0 mm Hg; P = .003), and heart rate (4.8 beats/min [95% CI, 4.0-5.6 beats/min] vs -1.3 beats/min [95% CI, -2.2 to -0.3 beats/min]; P < .001) and greater reductions in brachial artery diameter (-0.011 cm [95% CI, -0.013 to 0.009 cm] vs -0.006 cm [95% CI, -0.004 to -0.009 cm]; P = .003), time-domain heart rate variability (-7.2 ms [95% CI, -10.5 to -3.7 ms] vs 3.6 ms [95% CI, 1.6-9.3 ms]; P = .001), and FEV Interpretation: ENDS users had acute worsening of blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability, as well as vasoconstriction, impaired exercise tolerance, and increased airflow obstruction after vaping, compared to control participants. Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03863509; URL: www. Clinicaltrials: gov.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carbon Monoxide ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Nicotine/adverse effects ; Tobacco Products ; Vaping/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452) ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1032552-9
ISSN	1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
ISSN	0012-3692
DOI	10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.047
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