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Article ; Online: Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and daily mortality in Brazil: A nationwide time-series study between 2003-2017.

Requia, Weeberb J / Alahmad, Barrak / Koutrakis, Petros

2023 Volume 343, Page(s) 140259

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide ( ... ...

Abstract	Sulfur dioxide (SO
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Sulfur Dioxide/analysis ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; China/epidemiology ; Mortality
Chemical Substances	Sulfur Dioxide (0UZA3422Q4) ; Air Pollutants ; Environmental Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140259
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Article ; Online: A national comparison between the collocated short- and long-term radon measurements in the United States.

Li, Longxiang / Coull, Brent A / Koutrakis, Petros

Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology

2023 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 455–464

Abstract: Background: Knowing the geographical and temporal variation in radon concentrations is essential for assessing residential exposure to radon, the leading cause of lung cancer in never-smokers in the United States. Tens of millions of short-term radon ... ...

Abstract	Background: Knowing the geographical and temporal variation in radon concentrations is essential for assessing residential exposure to radon, the leading cause of lung cancer in never-smokers in the United States. Tens of millions of short-term radon measurements, which normally last 2 to 4 days, have been conducted during the past decades. However, these massive short-term measurements have not been commonly used in exposure assessment because of the conflicting evidence regarding their correlation with long-term measurements, the gold standard of assessing long-term radon exposure. Objective: We aim to evaluate the extent to which a long-term radon measurement can be predicted by a collocated short-term radon measurement under different conditions. Methods: We compiled a national dataset of 2245 pairs of collocated short- and long-term measurements, analyzed the predictability of long-term measurements with stratified linear regression and bootstrapping resampling. Results: We found that the extent to which a long-term measurement can be predicted by the collocated short-term measurement was a joint function of two factors: the temporal difference in starting dates between two measurements and the length of the long-term measurement. Short-term measurements, jointly with other factors, could explain up to 79% (0.95 Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.73-0.84) of the variance in seasonal radon concentrations and could explain up to 67% (0.95 CI: 0.52-0.81) of the variance in annual radon concentrations. The large proportions of variance explained suggest that short-term measurement can be used as convenient proxy for seasonal radon concentrations. Accurate annual radon estimation entails averaging multiple short-term measurements in different seasons. Significance: Our findings will facilitate the usage of abundant short-term radon measurements, which have been obtained but was previously underutilized in assessing residential radon exposure. Impact statement: Tens of millions of short-term radon measurements have been conducted but underutilized in assessing residential exposure to radon, the greatest cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. We investigate the correlations between collocated short- and long-term measurements in 2245 U.S. buildings and find that short-term measurements can explain ~75% of the variance in subsequent long-term measurements in the same buildings. Our results can facilitate the usage of massive short-term radon measurements that have been conducted to estimate the spatial and longitudinal distribution of radon concentrations, which can be used in epidemiological studies to quantify the health effects of radon.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; Radon/analysis ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Seasons ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Housing
Chemical Substances	Radon (Q74S4N8N1G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2218551-3
ISSN	1559-064X ; 1559-0631
ISSN (online)	1559-064X
ISSN	1559-0631
DOI	10.1038/s41370-023-00521-5
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Article ; Online: Introduction to a Special Issue of JA&WMA on Exposure Assessment.

Koutrakis, Petros

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

2017 Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1003064-5
ISSN	2162-2906 ; 0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
ISSN (online)	2162-2906
ISSN	0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
DOI	10.1080/10962247.2016.1251805
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Article ; Online: Enhancing near-road exposure assessment.

Koutrakis, Petros / Greenbaum, Dan

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)

2021 Volume 71, Issue 2, Page(s) 115–117

MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Vehicle Emissions
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1003064-5
ISSN	2162-2906 ; 0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
ISSN (online)	2162-2906
ISSN	0894-0630 ; 1047-3289 ; 1096-2247
DOI	10.1080/10962247.2020.1861893
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Article ; Online: Association of low and high ambient temperature with mortality for cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil.

Requia, Weeberb J / Alahmad, Barrak / Schwartz, Joel D / Koutrakis, Petros

Environmental research

2023 Volume 234, Page(s) 116532

Abstract: Extreme temperatures are a major public health concern, as they have been linked to an increased risk of mortality from circulatory and respiratory diseases. Brazil, a country with vast geographic and climatic variations, is particularly vulnerable to ... ...

Abstract	Extreme temperatures are a major public health concern, as they have been linked to an increased risk of mortality from circulatory and respiratory diseases. Brazil, a country with vast geographic and climatic variations, is particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of extreme temperatures. In this study, we examined the nationwide (considering 5572 municipalities) association of low and high ambient temperature (1st and 99th percentiles) with daily mortality for circulatory and respiratory diseases in Brazil between 2003 and 2017. We used an extension of the two-stage time-series design. First, we applied a case time series design in combination with distributed lag non-linear modeling (DLMN) framework to assess the association by Brazilian region. Here, the analyses were stratified by sex, age group (15-45, 46-65, and >65 years), and cause of death (respiratory and circulatory mortality). In the second stage, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate pooled effects across the Brazilian regions. Our study population included 1,071,090 death records due to cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil over the study period. We found increased risk of respiratory and circulatory mortality associated with low and high ambient temperatures. The pooled national results for the whole population (all ages and sex) suggest a relative risk (RR) of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.16; 1.37) and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.01; 1.21) associated with circulatory mortality during cold and heat exposure, respectively. For respiratory mortality, we estimated a RR of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.08; 1.25) during cold exposure and a RR of 1.14 (95% CI: 0.99; 1.28) during heat exposure. The national meta-analysis indicated robust positive associations for circulatory mortality on cold days across several subgroups by sex and age, while only a few subgroups presented robust positive associations for circulatory mortality on warm days and respiratory mortality on both cold and warm days. These findings have important public health implications for Brazil and suggest the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of extreme temperatures on human health.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cold Temperature ; Hot Temperature ; Mortality ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology ; Temperature ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.116532
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Article ; Online: In-vehicle exposure to NO

Matthaios, Vasileios N / Harrison, Roy M / Koutrakis, Petros / Bloss, William J

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 900, Page(s) 165537

Abstract: Vehicles are the third most occupied microenvironment, other than home and workplace, in developed urban areas. Vehicle cabins are confined spaces where occupants can mitigate their exposure to on-road nitrogen dioxide ( ... ...

Abstract	Vehicles are the third most occupied microenvironment, other than home and workplace, in developed urban areas. Vehicle cabins are confined spaces where occupants can mitigate their exposure to on-road nitrogen dioxide (NO
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Air Pollution/prevention & control ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH) ; Vehicle Emissions ; Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165537
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Article ; Online: The association of maternal exposure to ambient temperature with low birth weight in term pregnancies varies by location: In Brazil, positive associations may occur only in the Amazon region.

Requia, Weeberb J / Koutrakis, Petros / Papatheodorou, Stefania

Environmental research

2022 Volume 214, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 113923

Abstract: Exposure to ambient temperature has been linked to adverse birth outcomes in several regions, including the USA, Australia, China, countries in the Middle East, and European countries. To date, no studies were performed in South America, a region with ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to ambient temperature has been linked to adverse birth outcomes in several regions, including the USA, Australia, China, countries in the Middle East, and European countries. To date, no studies were performed in South America, a region with serious challenges related to climate change. Our investigation addresses this literature lack by examining the association between Low Birth Weight (LBW) and ambient temperature exposure in the largest county in South America, Brazil. We applied a nationwide case-control study design using a logistic regression model to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for LBW associated with ambient temperature during a specific trimester of pregnancy (1-3 trimester). Our sample size includes 5,790,713 birth records nationwide over 18 years (2001-2018), of which 264,967 infants were included in the model as cases of LBW, representing 4.6% of our total sample. We adjusted our model for several confounding variables, including weather factors, air pollution, seasonality, and SES variables at the individual level. Our findings indicate that North was the only region with positive and statistically significant associations in the primary analysis and most of the sensitivity analysis, which is the region where the Amazon is located. In this region, we estimated an increase of 5.16% (95%CI: 3.60; 6.74) in the odds of LBW per 1 °C increase in apparent temperature when the exposure occurred in the second trimester. Our results may be explained by the climate conditions in the Amazon region in the past years. A large body of literature indicates that the Amazon region has been facing serious climate challenges including issues related to policy, governance, and deforestation. Specifically, regarding deforestation, it is suggested that land use change and deforestation is projected to increase heat stress in the Amazon region, because of Amazon savannization, increasing the risk of heat stress exposure in Northern Brazil. Our study can assist public sectors and clinicians in mitigating the risk and vulnerability of the Amazonian population.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Birth Weight ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Exposure ; Pregnancy ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113923
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Article ; Online: Drought and ozone air quality in California: Identifying susceptible regions in the preparedness of future drought.

Lee, Hyung Joo / Bell, Michelle L / Koutrakis, Petros

Environmental research

2022 Volume 216, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 114461

Abstract: California experienced extreme and prolonged drought conditions during the early 2010s. To date, little is known regarding the influence of drought on air quality. Our study quantified site-specific associations between drought (defined by the ... ...

Abstract	California experienced extreme and prolonged drought conditions during the early 2010s. To date, little is known regarding the influence of drought on air quality. Our study quantified site-specific associations between drought (defined by the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index; SPEI) and daily maximum 8-h ozone (O
MeSH term(s)	Ozone/analysis ; Droughts ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; California
Chemical Substances	Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.114461
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Article: The association of maternal exposure to ambient temperature with low birth weight in term pregnancies varies by location: In Brazil, positive associations may occur only in the Amazon region

Requia, Weeberb J. / Koutrakis, Petros / Papatheodorou, Stefania

Environmental research. 2022 July 15,

2022

Abstract	Exposure to ambient temperature has been linked to adverse birth outcomes in several regions, including the USA, Australia, China, countries in the Middle East, and European countries. To date, no studies were performed in South America, a region with serious challenges related to climate change. Our investigation addresses this literature lack by examining the association between Low Birth Weight (LBW) and ambient temperature exposure in the largest county in South America, Brazil. We applied a nationwide case-control study design using a logistic regression model to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for LBW associated with ambient temperature during a specific trimester of pregnancy (1–3 trimester). Our sample size includes 5,790,713 birth records nationwide over 18 years (2001–2018), of which 264,967 infants were included in the model as cases of LBW, representing 4.6% of our total sample. We adjusted our model for several confounding variables, including weather factors, air pollution, seasonality, and SES variables at the individual level. Our findings indicate that North was the only region with positive and statistically significant associations in the primary analysis and most of the sensitivity analysis, which is the region where the Amazon is located. In this region, we estimated an increase of 5.16% (95%CI: 3.60; 6.74) in the odds of LBW per 1 °C increase in apparent temperature when the exposure occurred in the second trimester. Our results may be explained by the climate conditions in the Amazon region in the past years. A large body of literature indicates that the Amazon region has been facing serious climate challenges including issues related to policy, governance, and deforestation. Specifically, regarding deforestation, it is suggested that land use change and deforestation is projected to increase heat stress in the Amazon region, because of Amazon savannization, increasing the risk of heat stress exposure in Northern Brazil. Our study can assist public sectors and clinicians in mitigating the risk and vulnerability of the Amazonian population.
Keywords	air pollution ; ambient temperature ; case-control studies ; climate change ; deforestation ; experimental design ; governance ; heat stress ; issues and policy ; land use change ; low birth weight ; maternal exposure ; models ; odds ratio ; pregnancy ; regression analysis ; research ; risk ; sample size ; weather ; Amazonia ; Australia ; Brazil ; China ; Middle East
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0715
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113923
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: In-vehicle exposure to NO2 and PM2.5: A comprehensive assessment of controlling parameters and reduction strategies to minimise personal exposure

Matthaios, Vasileios N. / Harrison, Roy M. / Koutrakis, Petros / Bloss, William J.

Science of the Total Environment. 2023 July 14, p.165537-

2023 , Page(s) 165537–

Abstract	Vehicles are the third most occupied microenvironment, other than home and workplace, in developed urban areas. Vehicle cabins are confined spaces where occupants can mitigate their exposure to on-road nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) concentrations. Understanding which parameters exert the greatest influence on in-vehicle exposure underpins advice to drivers and vehicle occupants in general. This study assessed the in-vehicle NO₂ and PM₂.₅ levels and developed stepwise general additive mixed models (sGAMM) to investigate comprehensively the combined and individual influences of factors that influence the in-vehicle exposures. The mean in-vehicle levels were 19 ± 18 and 6.4 ± 2.7 μg/m³ for NO₂ and PM₂.₅, respectively. sGAMM model identified significant factors explaining a large fraction of in-vehicle NO₂ and PM₂.₅ variability, R² = 0.645 and 0.723, respectively. From the model's explained variability on-road air pollution was the most important predictor accounting for 22.3 and 30 % of NO₂ and PM₂.₅ variability, respectively. Vehicle-based predictors included manufacturing year, cabin size, odometer reading, type of cabin filter, ventilation fan speed power, window setting, and use of air recirculation, and together explained 48.7 % and 61.3 % of NO₂ and PM₂.₅ variability, respectively, with 41.4 % and 51.9 %, related to ventilation preference and type of filtration media, respectively. Driving-based parameters included driving speed, traffic conditions, traffic lights, roundabouts, and following high emitters and accounted for 22 and 7.4 % of in-vehicle NO₂ and PM₂.₅ exposure variability, respectively. Vehicle occupants can significantly reduce their in-vehicle exposure by moderating vehicle ventilation settings and by choosing an appropriate cabin air filter.
Keywords	air ; air filters ; air pollution ; environment ; fans (equipment) ; filtration ; models ; nitrogen dioxide ; particulates ; traffic ; working conditions ; In-vehicle exposure ; NO2 ; PM2.5 ; Personal exposure ; Indoor air quality ; Ventilation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0714
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165537
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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