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  1. Article: The Ethical Significance of Post-Vaccination COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics.

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R

    Journal of bioethical inquiry

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–29

    Abstract: The potential for vaccines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases is crucial for vaccination policy and ethics. In this paper, I discuss recent evidence that the current COVID-19 vaccines have only a modest and short-lived effect on reducing SARS- ... ...

    Abstract The potential for vaccines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases is crucial for vaccination policy and ethics. In this paper, I discuss recent evidence that the current COVID-19 vaccines have only a modest and short-lived effect on reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and argue that this has at least four important ethical implications. First, getting vaccinated against COVID-19 should be seen primarily as a self-protective choice for individuals. Second, moral condemnation of unvaccinated people for causing direct harm to others is unjustified. Third, the case for a harm-based moral obligation to get vaccinated against COVID-19 is weak. Finally, and perhaps most significantly, coercive COVID-19 vaccination policies (e.g., measures that exclude unvaccinated people from society) cannot be directly justified by the harm principle.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Coercion
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2253038-1
    ISSN 1872-4353 ; 1176-7529
    ISSN (online) 1872-4353
    ISSN 1176-7529
    DOI 10.1007/s11673-022-10223-6
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  2. Thesis ; Online: On the concept and ethics of vaccination for the sake of others

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R.

    2023  

    Keywords Life Science
    Language English
    Publisher Wageningen University
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Thesis ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The Ethical Significance of Post-Vaccination COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R.

    Journal of Bioethical Inquiry

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 1

    Abstract: The potential for vaccines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases is crucial for vaccination policy and ethics. In this paper, I discuss recent evidence that the current COVID-19 vaccines have only a modest and short-lived effect on reducing SARS- ... ...

    Abstract The potential for vaccines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases is crucial for vaccination policy and ethics. In this paper, I discuss recent evidence that the current COVID-19 vaccines have only a modest and short-lived effect on reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and argue that this has at least four important ethical implications. First, getting vaccinated against COVID-19 should be seen primarily as a self-protective choice for individuals. Second, moral condemnation of unvaccinated people for causing direct harm to others is unjustified. Third, the case for a harm-based moral obligation to get vaccinated against COVID-19 is weak. Finally, and perhaps most significantly, coercive COVID-19 vaccination policies (e.g., measures that exclude unvaccinated people from society) cannot be directly justified by the harm principle.
    Keywords COVID-19 vaccination ; Coercion ; Mandatory vaccination ; Public health ethics ; Vaccination policy ; Vaccine passports
    Subject code 170
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2253038-1
    ISSN 1872-4353 ; 1176-7529
    ISSN (online) 1872-4353
    ISSN 1176-7529
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Vaccinating for Whom? Distinguishing between Self-Protective, Paternalistic, Altruistic and Indirect Vaccination.

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R

    Public health ethics

    2020  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 190–200

    Abstract: Preventive vaccination can protect not just vaccinated individuals, but also others, which is often a central point in discussions about vaccination. To date, there has been no systematic study of self- and other-directed motives behind vaccination. This ...

    Abstract Preventive vaccination can protect not just vaccinated individuals, but also others, which is often a central point in discussions about vaccination. To date, there has been no systematic study of self- and other-directed motives behind vaccination. This article has two major goals: first, to examine and distinguish between self- and other-directed motives behind vaccination, especially with regard to vaccinating for the sake of third parties, and second, to explore some ways in which this approach can help to clarify and guide vaccination debates and policy. I propose conceiving of vaccination in terms of three basic elements: the vaccination decision-maker, the vaccine recipient and the primary beneficiary. I develop a taxonomy based on the relations between these elements to distinguish four kinds of vaccination: self-protective, paternalistic, altruistic and indirect. I finally discuss the case of human papillomavirus vaccine regulation for men and women to show how each kind of vaccination is associated with and raises specific ethical questions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2438463-X
    ISSN 1754-9981 ; 1754-9973
    ISSN (online) 1754-9981
    ISSN 1754-9973
    DOI 10.1093/phe/phaa005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Against a Lockdown Approach.

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R

    Asian bioethics review

    2020  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–212

    Abstract: Governments around the world have faced the challenge of how to respond to the recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Some have reacted by greatly restricting the freedom of citizens, while others have opted for less drastic policies. ...

    Abstract Governments around the world have faced the challenge of how to respond to the recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Some have reacted by greatly restricting the freedom of citizens, while others have opted for less drastic policies. In this paper, I draw a parallel with vaccination ethics to conceptualize two distinct approaches to COVID-19 that I call altruistic and lockdown. Given that the individual measures necessary to limit the spread of the virus can in principle be achieved voluntarily as well as through enforcement, the question arises of how much freedom governments ought to give citizens to adopt the required measures. I argue that an altruistic approach is preferable on moral grounds: it preserves important citizen freedoms, avoids a number of potential injustices, and gives people a much-needed sense of meaning in precarious times.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2602378-7
    ISSN 1793-9453 ; 1793-8759
    ISSN (online) 1793-9453
    ISSN 1793-8759
    DOI 10.1007/s41649-020-00154-y
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  6. Article ; Online: Continuous Glucose Monitoring as a Matter of Justice.

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R

    HEC forum : an interdisciplinary journal on hospitals' ethical and legal issues

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 345–370

    Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic illness that requires intensive lifelong management of blood glucose concentrations by means of external insulin administration. There have been substantial developments in the ways of measuring glucose levels, which is ...

    Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic illness that requires intensive lifelong management of blood glucose concentrations by means of external insulin administration. There have been substantial developments in the ways of measuring glucose levels, which is crucial to T1D self-management. Recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has allowed people with T1D to keep track of their blood glucose levels in near real-time. These devices have alarms that warn users about potentially dangerous blood glucose trends, which can often be shared with ther people. CGM is consistently associated with improved glycemic control and reduced hypoglycemia and is currently recommended by doctors. However, due to the costs of CGM, only those who qualify for hospital provision or those who can personally afford it are able to use it, which excludes many people. In this paper, I argue that unequal access to CGM results in: (1) unjust health inequalities, (2) relational injustice, (3) injustice with regard to agency and autonomy, and (4) epistemic injustice. These considerations provide prima facie moral reasons why all people with T1D should have access to CGM technology. I discuss the specific case of CGM policy in the Netherlands, which currently only provides coverage for a small group of people with T1D, and argue that, especially with additional considerations of cost-effectiveness, the Dutch government ought to include CGM in basic health care insurance for all people with T1D.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Social Justice
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-19
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1042368-0
    ISSN 1572-8498 ; 0956-2737
    ISSN (online) 1572-8498
    ISSN 0956-2737
    DOI 10.1007/s10730-020-09413-9
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2996: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article ; Online: Experimental Philosophy of Technology

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R.

    Philosophy & Technology

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 4

    Abstract: Experimental philosophy is a relatively recent discipline that employs experimental methods to investigate the intuitions, concepts, and assumptions behind traditional philosophical arguments, problems, and theories. While experimental philosophy ... ...

    Abstract Experimental philosophy is a relatively recent discipline that employs experimental methods to investigate the intuitions, concepts, and assumptions behind traditional philosophical arguments, problems, and theories. While experimental philosophy initially served to interrogate the role that intuitions play in philosophy, it has since branched out to bring empirical methods to bear on problems within a variety of traditional areas of philosophy—including metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and epistemology. To date, no connection has been made between developments in experimental philosophy and philosophy of technology. In this paper, I develop and defend a research program for an experimental philosophy of technology.
    Keywords Ethics of technology ; Experimental philosophy ; Experimental philosophy of technology ; Philosophical method ; Philosophy of technology
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2573482-9
    ISSN 2210-5441 ; 2210-5433
    ISSN (online) 2210-5441
    ISSN 2210-5433
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Continuous Glucose Monitoring as a Matter of Justice

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R.

    HEC Forum

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 4

    Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic illness that requires intensive lifelong management of blood glucose concentrations by means of external insulin administration. There have been substantial developments in the ways of measuring glucose levels, which is ...

    Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic illness that requires intensive lifelong management of blood glucose concentrations by means of external insulin administration. There have been substantial developments in the ways of measuring glucose levels, which is crucial to T1D self-management. Recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has allowed people with T1D to keep track of their blood glucose levels in near real-time. These devices have alarms that warn users about potentially dangerous blood glucose trends, which can often be shared with ther people. CGM is consistently associated with improved glycemic control and reduced hypoglycemia and is currently recommended by doctors. However, due to the costs of CGM, only those who qualify for hospital provision or those who can personally afford it are able to use it, which excludes many people. In this paper, I argue that unequal access to CGM results in: (1) unjust health inequalities, (2) relational injustice, (3) injustice with regard to agency and autonomy, and (4) epistemic injustice. These considerations provide prima facie moral reasons why all people with T1D should have access to CGM technology. I discuss the specific case of CGM policy in the Netherlands, which currently only provides coverage for a small group of people with T1D, and argue that, especially with additional considerations of cost-effectiveness, the Dutch government ought to include CGM in basic health care insurance for all people with T1D.
    Keywords Access to health care ; Continuous glucose monitoring ; Diabetes mellitus ; Health inequality ; Justice ; Type 1 diabetes
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1042368-0
    ISSN 0956-2737
    ISSN 0956-2737
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2996: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: COVID-19

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R.

    Asian Bioethics Review

    Against a Lockdown Approach

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 2

    Abstract: Governments around the world have faced the challenge of how to respond to the recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Some have reacted by greatly restricting the freedom of citizens, while others have opted for less drastic policies. ...

    Abstract Governments around the world have faced the challenge of how to respond to the recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Some have reacted by greatly restricting the freedom of citizens, while others have opted for less drastic policies. In this paper, I draw a parallel with vaccination ethics to conceptualize two distinct approaches to COVID-19 that I call altruistic and lockdown. Given that the individual measures necessary to limit the spread of the virus can in principle be achieved voluntarily as well as through enforcement, the question arises of how much freedom governments ought to give citizens to adopt the required measures. I argue that an altruistic approach is preferable on moral grounds: it preserves important citizen freedoms, avoids a number of potential injustices, and gives people a much-needed sense of meaning in precarious times.
    Keywords Altruism ; COVID-19 ; Freedom ; Justice ; Lockdown ; Public health ethics
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2602378-7
    ISSN 1793-9453 ; 1793-8759
    ISSN (online) 1793-9453
    ISSN 1793-8759
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Altruistic Vaccination: Insights from Two Focus Group Studies.

    Kraaijeveld, Steven R / Mulder, Bob C

    Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 275–295

    Abstract: Vaccination can protect vaccinated individuals and often also prevent them from spreading disease to other people. This opens up the possibility of getting vaccinated for the sake of others. In fact, altruistic vaccination has recently been ... ...

    Abstract Vaccination can protect vaccinated individuals and often also prevent them from spreading disease to other people. This opens up the possibility of getting vaccinated for the sake of others. In fact, altruistic vaccination has recently been conceptualized as a kind of vaccination that is undertaken primary for the benefit of others. In order to better understand the potential role of altruistic motives in people's vaccination decisions, we conducted two focus group studies with a total of 37 participants. Study 1 included three focus groups on the subject of HPV vaccination for boys. Study 2 included three focus groups on the subject of pertussis and measles vaccination for childcare workers. We found substantial evidence of other-regarding motives across all focus groups, which suggests that altruistic motives could be an important factor when it comes to people's vaccination decisions. We address the significance of these findings for vaccination policy surrounding HPV vaccination for boys and vaccination for childcare workers. We also extend the findings to normative work on vaccination for the sake of others more generally.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1160541-8
    ISSN 1573-3394 ; 1065-3058
    ISSN (online) 1573-3394
    ISSN 1065-3058
    DOI 10.1007/s10728-022-00453-5
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3883: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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