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Article ; Online: Blastobotrys nigripullensis, a new yeast species isolated from a fungal outbreak on an ancient Roman shipwreck in the Netherlands.

Visagie, Cobus M / Meijer, Martin / Kraak, Bart / Groenewald, Marizeth / Houbraken, Jos / Theelen, Bart / Vorst, Yardeni / Boekhout, Teun

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

2024 Volume 117, Issue 1, Page(s) 22

Abstract: A new species of the yeast genus Blastobotrys was discovered on ancient ship timbers in the Netherlands. The species had developed on the wood of a river barge dating to the Roman period. The growth occurred after the preservative polyethylene glycol ( ... ...

Abstract	A new species of the yeast genus Blastobotrys was discovered on ancient ship timbers in the Netherlands. The species had developed on the wood of a river barge dating to the Roman period. The growth occurred after the preservative polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) was washed out of some of the timbers due to an undetected leak in the storage unit. Mycological analysis of various timber samples revealed the presence of Microascus melanosporus (predominant), Microascus paisii, a member of the Acremonium chrysogenum-clade, and a new Blastrobotrys species. The new species produced sporothrix-like conidiophores with clavate blastoconidia (3-7 × 1-3.5 μm) and was found to be osmotolerant, capable of growth on low water activity media like malt yeast 50% glucose agar (MY50G). In this article we formally describe and introduce Blastrobotrys nigripullensis (CBS 17879
MeSH term(s)	Phylogeny ; Netherlands ; Saccharomycetales ; Yeasts ; DNA, Fungal ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Mycological Typing Techniques ; Wood/microbiology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Fungal
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	214861-4
ISSN	1572-9699 ; 0003-6072
ISSN (online)	1572-9699
ISSN	0003-6072
DOI	10.1007/s10482-023-01898-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria.

Ekpakpale, Daniella O / Kraak, Bart / Meijer, Martin / Ayeni, Kolawole I / Houbraken, Jos / Ezekiel, Chibundu N

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 7, Issue 8

Abstract: Grains and cassava-based foods serve as major dietary sources for many households in Nigeria. However, these foods are highly prone to contamination by moulds and aflatoxins owing to poor storage and vending practices. Therefore, we studied the fungal ... ...

Abstract	Grains and cassava-based foods serve as major dietary sources for many households in Nigeria. However, these foods are highly prone to contamination by moulds and aflatoxins owing to poor storage and vending practices. Therefore, we studied the fungal diversity in maize, cassava-based flour (pupuru), and rice vended in markets from Ondo state, Nigeria, and assessed their aflatoxin levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular analysis of 65 representative fungal isolates recovered from the ground grains and pupuru samples revealed 26 species belonging to five genera:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2784229-0
ISSN	2309-608X ; 2309-608X
ISSN (online)	2309-608X
ISSN	2309-608X
DOI	10.3390/jof7080635
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Environmental Spread of Aspergillus terreus in Tyrol, Austria

Dietl, Anna-Maria / Vahedi-Shahandashti, Roya / Kandelbauer, Carmen / Kraak, Bart / Lackner, Michaela / Houbraken, Jos / Lass-Flörl, Cornelia

Microorganisms. 2021 Mar. 05, v. 9, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Fungal infections due to Aspergillus species have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. At the Medical University of Innsbruck, A. terreus and related species are the second most common causative agents of ... ...

Abstract	Fungal infections due to Aspergillus species have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. At the Medical University of Innsbruck, A. terreus and related species are the second most common causative agents of aspergillosis. In this one-year study we collected environmental samples to investigate (i) the environmental distribution, (ii) the ecological niche of A. terreus in Tyrol, (iii) the genetic relatedness of environmental and clinical isolates and the correlation between those two groups of isolates, and (iv) the antifungal susceptibility patterns. A. terreus was present in 5.4% of 3845 environmental samples, with a significantly higher frequency during winter (6.8%) than summer (3.9%). An increased A. terreus abundance in Tyrol’s Eastern part was detected which is in agreement with the proof of clinical cases. In total, 92% of environmental and 98% of clinical A. terreus isolates were amphotericin B resistant; 22.6% and 9.8% were resistant against posaconazole. Overall, 3.9% of clinical isolates were resistant against voriconazole. Short tandem repeat analysis identified three major genotypes persisting in Tyrol. Soil from agricultural cornfields seems to be an important source; the environmental frequency of A. terreus correlates with the high incidence of A. terreus infections in certain geographical areas.
Keywords	Aspergillus terreus ; amphotericin B ; aspergillosis ; fungi ; genetic relationships ; microsatellite repeats ; morbidity ; mortality ; niches ; soil ; summer ; winter ; Austria
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0305
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9030539
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Regional distribution and diversity of Aspergillus and Penicillium species on Croatian traditional meat products.

Zadravec, Manuela / Lešić, Tina / Brnić, Dragan / Pleadin, Jelka / Kraak, Bart / Jakopović, Željko / Perković, Irena / Vahčić, Nada / Tkalec, Vesna Jaki / Houbraken, Jos

International journal of food microbiology

2023 Volume 406, Page(s) 110404

Abstract: Various factors, such as weather and production practices (e.g., environmental hygiene, process duration, raw material quality, ripening temperature, and relative humidity), in combination with the intrinsic product properties (e.g., pH, ... ...

Abstract	Various factors, such as weather and production practices (e.g., environmental hygiene, process duration, raw material quality, ripening temperature, and relative humidity), in combination with the intrinsic product properties (e.g., pH, a
MeSH term(s)	Food Microbiology ; Croatia ; Meat Products/analysis ; Penicillium/metabolism ; Ochratoxins ; Aspergillus/metabolism ; Fungi/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride/analysis
Chemical Substances	Ochratoxins ; Sodium Chloride (451W47IQ8X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	87122-9
ISSN	1879-3460 ; 0168-1605
ISSN (online)	1879-3460
ISSN	0168-1605
DOI	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110404
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Environmental Spread of

Dietl, Anna-Maria / Vahedi-Shahandashti, Roya / Kandelbauer, Carmen / Kraak, Bart / Lackner, Michaela / Houbraken, Jos / Lass-Flörl, Cornelia

Microorganisms

2021 Volume 9, Issue 3

Abstract: Fungal infections due ... ...

Abstract	Fungal infections due to
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9030539
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Article: Thermotolerant and Thermophilic Mycobiota in Different Steps of Compost Maturation

Di Piazza, Simone / Houbraken, Jos / Meijer, Martin / Cecchi, Grazia / Kraak, Bart / Rosa, Ester / Zotti, Mirca

Microorganisms. 2020 June 11, v. 8, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Composting is a complex process in which various micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, are involved. The process depends on a large number of factors (biological, chemical, and physical) among which microbial populations play a fundamental role. ... ...

Abstract	Composting is a complex process in which various micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, are involved. The process depends on a large number of factors (biological, chemical, and physical) among which microbial populations play a fundamental role. The high temperatures that occur during the composting process indicate the presence of thermotolerant and thermophilic micro-organisms that are key for the optimization of the process. However, the same micro-organisms can be harmful (allergenic, pathogenic) for workers that handle large quantities of material in the plant, and for end users, for example, in the indoor environment (e.g., pots in houses and offices). Accurate knowledge of thermotolerant and thermophilic organisms present during the composting stages is required to find key organisms to improve the process and estimate potential health risks. The objective of the present work was to study thermotolerant and thermophilic mycobiota at different time points of compost maturation. Fungi were isolated at four temperatures (25, 37, 45, and 50 °C) from compost samples collected at five different steps during a 21-day compost-maturation period in an active composting plant in Liguria (northwestern Italy). The samples were subsequently plated on three different media. Our results showed a high presence of fungi with an order of magnitude ranging from 1 × 10⁴ to 3 × 10⁵ colony-forming units (CFU) g⁻¹. The isolated strains, identified by means of specific molecular tools (ITS, beta-tubulin, calmodulin, elongation factor 1-alpha, and LSU sequencing), belonged to 45 different species. Several thermophilic species belonging to genera Thermoascus and Thermomyces were detected, which could be key during composting. Moreover, the presence of several potentially harmful fungal species, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, and Scedosporium apiospermum, were found during the whole process, including the final product. Results highlighted the importance of surveying the mycobiota involved in the composting process in order to: (i) find solutions to improve efficiency and (ii) reduce health risks.
Keywords	Aspergillus fumigatus ; Scedosporium ; Thermomyces ; allergenicity ; calmodulin ; composts ; fungi ; heat tolerance ; mycobiota ; peptide elongation factors ; tubulin ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0611
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms8060880
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Thermotolerant and Thermophilic Mycobiota in Different Steps of Compost Maturation.

Di Piazza, Simone / Houbraken, Jos / Meijer, Martin / Cecchi, Grazia / Kraak, Bart / Rosa, Ester / Zotti, Mirca

Microorganisms

2020 Volume 8, Issue 6

Abstract	Composting is a complex process in which various micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, are involved. The process depends on a large number of factors (biological, chemical, and physical) among which microbial populations play a fundamental role. The high temperatures that occur during the composting process indicate the presence of thermotolerant and thermophilic micro-organisms that are key for the optimization of the process. However, the same micro-organisms can be harmful (allergenic, pathogenic) for workers that handle large quantities of material in the plant, and for end users, for example, in the indoor environment (e.g., pots in houses and offices). Accurate knowledge of thermotolerant and thermophilic organisms present during the composting stages is required to find key organisms to improve the process and estimate potential health risks. The objective of the present work was to study thermotolerant and thermophilic mycobiota at different time points of compost maturation. Fungi were isolated at four temperatures (25, 37, 45, and 50 °C) from compost samples collected at five different steps during a 21-day compost-maturation period in an active composting plant in Liguria (northwestern Italy). The samples were subsequently plated on three different media. Our results showed a high presence of fungi with an order of magnitude ranging from 1 × 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms8060880
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Article: Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria.

Ezekiel, Chibundu N / Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A / Kraak, Bart / Ayeni, Kolawole I / Sulyok, Michael / Houbraken, Jos / Krska, Rudolf

Frontiers in microbiology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 615

Abstract: Low moisture content ready-to-eat foods vended in Nigerian markets could be pre-packaged or packaged at point of sale. These foods are widely and frequently consumed across Nigeria as quick foods. Despite their importance in the daily diets of Nigerians, ...

Abstract	Low moisture content ready-to-eat foods vended in Nigerian markets could be pre-packaged or packaged at point of sale. These foods are widely and frequently consumed across Nigeria as quick foods. Despite their importance in the daily diets of Nigerians, a comprehensive study on the diversity of fungi, fungal metabolite production potential, and mycotoxin contamination in the foods has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study assessed the diversity of fungi in 70 samples of low moisture content ready-to-eat foods [cheese balls,
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2020.00615
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Article ; Online: Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of

Ezekiel, Chibundu N / Kraak, Bart / Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo / Sulyok, Michael / Oyedele, Oluwawapelumi A / Ayeni, Kolawole I / Makinde, Oluwadamilola M / Akinyemi, Oluwatosin M / Krska, Rudolf / Crous, Pedro W / Houbraken, Jos

MycoKeys

2020 Volume 67, Page(s) 95–124

Abstract: Mycological investigation of various foods (mainly cowpea, groundnut, maize, rice, sorghum) and agricultural soils from two states in north-central Nigeria (Nasarawa and Niger), was conducted in order to understand the role of filamentous fungi in food ... ...

Abstract	Mycological investigation of various foods (mainly cowpea, groundnut, maize, rice, sorghum) and agricultural soils from two states in north-central Nigeria (Nasarawa and Niger), was conducted in order to understand the role of filamentous fungi in food contamination and public health. A total of 839 fungal isolates were recovered from 84% of the 250 food and all 30 soil samples. Preliminary identifications were made, based on macro- and micromorphological characters. Representative strains (n = 121) were studied in detail using morphology and DNA sequencing, involving genera/species-specific markers, while extrolite profiles using LC-MS/MS were obtained for a selection of strains. The representative strains grouped in seven genera (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-08
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2630648-7
ISSN	1314-4049 ; 1314-4057
ISSN (online)	1314-4049
ISSN	1314-4057
DOI	10.3897/mycokeys.67.52716
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cathelicidin-inspired antimicrobial peptides as novel antifungal compounds.

van Eijk, Martin / Boerefijn, Stephanie / Cen, Lida / Rosa, Marisela / Morren, Marnix J H / van der Ent, Cornelis K / Kraak, Bart / Dijksterhuis, Jan / Valdes, Ivan D / Haagsman, Henk P / de Cock, Hans

Medical mycology

2020 Volume 58, Issue 8, Page(s) 1073–1084

Abstract: Fungal infections in humans are increasing worldwide and are currently mostly treated with a relative limited set of antifungals. Resistance to antifungals is increasing, for example, in Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris, and expected to increase ... ...

Abstract	Fungal infections in humans are increasing worldwide and are currently mostly treated with a relative limited set of antifungals. Resistance to antifungals is increasing, for example, in Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris, and expected to increase for many medically relevant fungal species in the near future. We have developed and patented a set of cathelicidin-inspired antimicrobial peptides termed 'PepBiotics'. These peptides were initially selected for their bactericidal activity against clinically relevant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from patients with cystic fibrosis and are active against a wide range of bacteria (ESKAPE pathogens). We now report results from studies that were designed to investigate the antifungal activity of PepBiotics against a set of medically relevant species encompassing species of Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Malassezia, and Talaromyces. We characterized a subset of PepBiotics and show that these peptides strongly affected metabolic activity and/or growth of a set of medically relevant fungal species, including azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. PepBiotics showed a strong inhibitory activity against a large variety of filamentous fungi and yeasts species at low concentrations (≤1 μM) and were fungicidal for at least a subset of these fungal species. Interestingly, the concentration of PepBiotics required to interfere with growth or metabolic activity varied between different fungal species or even between isolates of the same fungal species. This study shows that PepBiotics display strong potential for use as novel antifungal compounds to fight a large variety of clinically relevant fungal species.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents/chemistry ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology ; Aspergillus fumigatus/drug effects ; Aspergillus fumigatus/growth & development ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Fungal/drug effects ; Fungi/classification ; Fungi/drug effects ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Mycoses/microbiology ; Species Specificity ; Cathelicidins
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Cathelicidins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1421796-x
ISSN	1460-2709 ; 1369-3786
ISSN (online)	1460-2709
ISSN	1369-3786
DOI	10.1093/mmy/myaa014
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