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Article: Vector competence of Swedish

Krambrich, Janina / Bole-Feysot, Emma / Höller, Patrick / Lundkvist, Åke / Hesson, Jenny C

2024 Volume 18, Page(s) 100707

Abstract: Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus with increasing prevalence in Europe. Understanding the role of mosquito species in USUV transmission is crucial for predicting and controlling potential outbreaks. This study aimed to assess ... ...

Abstract	Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus with increasing prevalence in Europe. Understanding the role of mosquito species in USUV transmission is crucial for predicting and controlling potential outbreaks. This study aimed to assess the vector competence of Swedish
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
DOI	10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100707
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Usage of FTA® Classic Cards for Safe Storage, Shipment, and Detection of Arboviruses

Krambrich, Janina / Bringeland, Emelie / Hesson, Jenny C. / Hoffman, Tove / Lundkvist, Åke / Lindahl, Johanna F. / Ling, Jiaxin

Microorganisms. 2022 July 18, v. 10, no. 7

2022

Abstract: Infections caused by arthropod-borne RNA viruses are overrepresented among emerging infectious diseases. Effective methods for collecting, storing, and transporting clinical or biological specimens are needed worldwide for disease surveillance. However, ... ...

Abstract	Infections caused by arthropod-borne RNA viruses are overrepresented among emerging infectious diseases. Effective methods for collecting, storing, and transporting clinical or biological specimens are needed worldwide for disease surveillance. However, many tropical regions where these diseases are endemic lack analytical facilities and possibility of continuous cold chains, which presents challenges from both a biosafety and material preservation perspective. Whatman® FTA® Classic Cards may serve as an effective and safe option for transporting hazardous samples at room temperature, particularly for RNA viruses classified as biosafety level (BSL) 2 and 3 pathogens, from sampling sites to laboratories. In this study, we investigated the biosafety and perseverance of representative alpha- and flaviviruses stored on FTA® cards. To evaluate the virus inactivation capacity of FTA® cards, we used Sindbis virus (SINV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). We inoculated susceptible cells with dilution series of eluates from viral samples stored on the FTA® cards and observed for cytopathic effect to evaluate the ability of the cards to inactivate viruses. All tested viruses were inactivated after storage on FTA® cards. In addition, we quantified viral RNA of JEV, SINV, and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) stored on FTA® cards at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for 30 days using two reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assays. Viral RNA of SINV stored on FTA® cards was not reduced at either 4 °C or 25 °C over a 30-day period, but degraded rapidly at 37 °C. For JEV and TBEV, degradation was observed at all temperatures, with the most rapid degradation occurring at 37 °C. Therefore, the use of FTA® cards provides a safe and effective workflow for the collection, storage, and analysis of BSL 2- and 3-virus RNA samples, but there is a risk of false negative results if the cards are stored at higher temperatures for long periods of time. Conscious usage of the cards can be useful in disease surveillance and research, especially in tropical areas where transportation and cold chains are problematic.
Keywords	Chikungunya virus ; Japanese encephalitis virus ; RNA ; RNA-directed DNA polymerase ; Sindbis virus ; Tick-borne encephalitis virus ; ambient temperature ; arboviruses ; biosafety ; cold ; cytopathogenicity ; disease surveillance ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; risk ; transportation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0718
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10071445
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 in hospital indoor environments is predominantly non-infectious.

Krambrich, Janina / Akaberi, Dario / Ling, Jiaxin / Hoffman, Tove / Svensson, Lennart / Hagbom, Marie / Lundkvist, Åke

Virology journal

2021 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 109

Abstract: Background: The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide and disease prevention is more important than ever. In the absence of a vaccine, knowledge of the transmission routes and risk areas of infection remain the most important existing ...

Abstract	Background: The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide and disease prevention is more important than ever. In the absence of a vaccine, knowledge of the transmission routes and risk areas of infection remain the most important existing tools to prevent further spread. Methods: Here we investigated the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the hospital environment at the Uppsala University Hospital Infectious Disease ward by RT-qPCR and determined the infectivity of the detected virus in vitro on Vero E6 cells. Results: SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in several areas, although attempts to infect Vero E6 cells with positive samples were unsuccessful. However, RNase A treatment of positive samples prior to RNA extraction did not degrade viral RNA, indicating the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsids or complete virus particles protecting the RNA as opposed to free viral RNA. Conclusion: Our results show that even in places where a moderate concentration (Ct values between 30 and 38) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found; no infectious virus could be detected. This suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the hospital environment subsides in two states; as infectious and as non-infectious. Future work should investigate the reasons for the non-infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; COVID-19/transmission ; Cell Line ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Confined Spaces ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/virology ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Risk ; SARS-CoV-2/growth & development ; Ventilation/methods ; Vero Cells
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1743-422X
ISSN (online)	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-021-01556-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Usage of FTA

Krambrich, Janina / Bringeland, Emelie / Hesson, Jenny C / Hoffman, Tove / Lundkvist, Åke / Lindahl, Johanna F / Ling, Jiaxin

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 10, Issue 7

Abstract	Infections caused by arthropod-borne RNA viruses are overrepresented among emerging infectious diseases. Effective methods for collecting, storing, and transporting clinical or biological specimens are needed worldwide for disease surveillance. However, many tropical regions where these diseases are endemic lack analytical facilities and possibility of continuous cold chains, which presents challenges from both a biosafety and material preservation perspective. Whatman
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10071445
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Comparison of Host Responses to Infection with Wild-Type Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Tufted Ducks.

Naguib, Mahmoud M / Eriksson, Per / Jax, Elinor / Wille, Michelle / Lindskog, Cecilia / Bröjer, Caroline / Krambrich, Janina / Waldenström, Jonas / Kraus, Robert H S / Larson, Göran / Lundkvist, Åke / Olsen, Björn / Järhult, Josef D / Ellström, Patrik

Microbiology spectrum

2023 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) e0258622

Abstract: Cross-species transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) from wild waterfowl to poultry is the first step in a chain of events that can ultimately lead to exposure and infection of humans. Herein, we study the outcome of infection with eight different ... ...

Abstract	Cross-species transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) from wild waterfowl to poultry is the first step in a chain of events that can ultimately lead to exposure and infection of humans. Herein, we study the outcome of infection with eight different mallard-origin IAV subtypes in two different avian hosts: tufted ducks and chickens. We found that infection and shedding patterns as well as innate immune responses were highly dependent on viral subtypes, host species, and inoculation routes. For example, intraoesophageal inoculation, commonly used in mallard infection experiments, resulted in no infections in contrast to oculonasal inoculation, suggesting a difference in transmission routes. Despite H9N2 being endemic in chickens, inoculation of mallard-origin H9N2 failed to cause viable infection beyond 1 day postinfection in our study design. The innate immune responses were markedly different in chickens and tufted ducks, and despite the presence of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) in tufted duck transcriptomes, it was neither up nor downregulated in response to infection. Overall, we have revealed the heterogeneity of infection patterns and responses in two markedly different avian hosts following a challenge with mallard-origin IAV. These virus-host interactions provide new insights into important aspects of interspecies transmission of IAV.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Ducks ; Chickens ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds ; Immunity, Innate
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.02586-22
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Presymptomatic viral shedding and infective ability of SARS-CoV-2; a case report.

Nissen, Karolina / Hagbom, Marie / Krambrich, Janina / Akaberi, Dario / Sharma, Sumit / Ling, Jiaxin / Hoffman, Tove / Svensson, Lennart / Bondeson, Kåre / Salaneck, Erik

Heliyon

2021 Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) e06328

Abstract: Possible pre- or asymptomatic transmission has been reported, both from SARS-CoV and from MERS-CoV outbreaks, although this appears to be uncommon. In contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of studies and case reports indicate that ... ...

Abstract	Possible pre- or asymptomatic transmission has been reported, both from SARS-CoV and from MERS-CoV outbreaks, although this appears to be uncommon. In contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of studies and case reports indicate that pre- or asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not only possible but also occurs frequently. We report repeated rRT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a health care worker and demonstrate infective ability up to three days prior to mild COVID-19 symptoms. rRT-PCR indicated high viral levels approximately three days after exposure. Viral samples collected one and three days prior to symptoms exhibited infectivity on Vero E6 cells, confirmed by detection of double-stranded RNA by immunofluorescence, assessment of cytopathic effect (CPE) and rRT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by day 9 and 15, respectively, after symptom onset. We propose that this provides evidence for potential early presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and that infectivity may be manifest shortly after exposure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06328
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Corrigendum to "Presymptomatic viral shedding and infective ability of SARS-CoV-2; a case report" [Heliyon 7, (2), (February 2021), Article e06328].

Nissen, Karolina / Hagbom, Marie / Krambrich, Janina / Akaberi, Dario / Sharma, Sumit / Ling, Jiaxin / Hoffman, Tove / Lundkvist, Åke / Svensson, Lennart / Bondeson, Kåre / Salaneck, Erik

Heliyon

2022 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) e08906

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06328.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06328.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08906
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Long-distance airborne dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 wards.

Nissen, Karolina / Krambrich, Janina / Akaberi, Dario / Hoffman, Tove / Ling, Jiaxin / Lundkvist, Åke / Svensson, Lennart / Salaneck, Erik

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 19589

Abstract: Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, as well as other coronaviruses, can be dispersed and potentially transmitted by aerosols directly or via ventilation systems. We therefore investigated ventilation openings in one COVID-19 ward and central ducts that ... ...

Abstract	Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, as well as other coronaviruses, can be dispersed and potentially transmitted by aerosols directly or via ventilation systems. We therefore investigated ventilation openings in one COVID-19 ward and central ducts that expel indoor air from three COVID-19 wards at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, during April and May 2020. Swab samples were taken from individual ceiling ventilation openings and surfaces in central ducts. Samples were subsequently subjected to rRT-PCR targeting the N and E genes of SARS-CoV-2. Central ventilation HEPA filters, located several stories above the wards, were removed and portions analyzed in the same manner. In two subsequent samplings, SARS-CoV-2 N and E genes were detected in seven and four out of 19 room vents, respectively. Central ventilation HEPA exhaust filters from the ward were found positive for both genes in three samples. Corresponding filters from two other, adjacent COVID-19 wards were also found positive. Infective ability of the samples was assessed by inoculation of susceptible cell cultures but could not be determined in these experiments. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in central ventilation systems, distant from patient areas, indicate that virus can be transported long distances and that droplet transmission alone cannot reasonably explain this, especially considering the relatively low air change rates in these wards. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 must be taken into consideration for preventive measures.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Animals ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Filtration ; Hospitals ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ventilation ; Vero Cells
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-76442-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Hoffman, Tove / Nissen, Karolina / Krambrich, Janina / Rönnberg, Bengt / Akaberi, Dario / Esmaeilzadeh, Mouna / Salaneck, Erik / Lindahl, Johanna / Lundkvist, Åke

Infection ecology & epidemiology

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 1754538

Abstract: COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for ...

Abstract	COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for investigating antibody responses and assessing individual and potential herd immunity. We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15 minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. The results revealed a sensitivity of 69% and 93.1% for IgM and IgG, respectively, based solely on PCR-positivity due to the absence of a serological gold standard. The assay specificities were shown to be 100% for IgM and 99.2% for IgG. This indicates that the test is suitable for assessing previous virus exposure, although negative results may be unreliable during the first weeks after infection. More detailed studies on antibody responses during and post infection are urgently needed.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2627673-2
ISSN	2000-8686
ISSN	2000-8686
DOI	10.1080/20008686.2020.1754538
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Mitigation of the replication of SARS-CoV-2 by nitric oxide in vitro.

Akaberi, Dario / Krambrich, Janina / Ling, Jiaxin / Luni, Chen / Hedenstierna, Göran / Järhult, Josef D / Lennerstrand, Johan / Lundkvist, Åke

Redox biology

2020 Volume 37, Page(s) 101734

Abstract: The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global public health emergency posing a high burden on nations' health care systems and economies. Despite the great effort put in the development of vaccines and specific treatments, no prophylaxis or effective ... ...

Abstract	The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global public health emergency posing a high burden on nations' health care systems and economies. Despite the great effort put in the development of vaccines and specific treatments, no prophylaxis or effective therapeutics are currently available. Nitric oxide (NO) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and a potent vasodilator that has proved to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV replication and hypoxia in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Given the potential of NO as treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, we have evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of NO on SARS-CoV-2 replication. The NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) had a dose dependent inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication, while the non S-nitrosated NAP was not active, as expected. Although the viral replication was not completely abolished (at 200 μM and 400 μM), SNAP delayed or completely prevented the development of viral cytopathic effect in treated cells, and the observed protective effect correlated with the level of inhibition of the viral replication. The capacity of the NO released from SNAP to covalently bind and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL recombinant protease in vitro was also tested. The observed reduction in SARS-CoV-2 protease activity was consistent with S-nitrosation of the enzyme active site cysteine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain/drug effects ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Nitric Oxide/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology ; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Vero Cells ; Viral Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; Viral Protease Inhibitors ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine (79032-48-7) ; 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701011-9
ISSN	2213-2317 ; 2213-2317
ISSN (online)	2213-2317
ISSN	2213-2317
DOI	10.1016/j.redox.2020.101734
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