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  1. Book ; Online: Conservation of heat and mass in P-SKRIPS version 1

    Malyarenko, Alena / Gossart, Alexandra / Sun, Rui / Krapp, Mario

    eISSN:

    the coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean model of The Ross Sea

    2023  

    Abstract: Ocean–atmosphere–sea ice interactions are key to understanding the future of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent. Regional coupled climate–sea ice–ocean models have been developed for several polar regions; however the conservation of heat and ...

    Abstract Ocean–atmosphere–sea ice interactions are key to understanding the future of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent. Regional coupled climate–sea ice–ocean models have been developed for several polar regions; however the conservation of heat and mass fluxes between coupled models is often overlooked due to computational difficulties. At regional scale, the non-conservation of water and energy can lead to model drift over multi-year model simulations. Here we present P-SKRIPS version 1, a new version of the SKRIPS coupled model setup for the Ross Sea region. Our development includes a full conservation of heat and mass fluxes transferred between the climate (PWRF) and sea ice–ocean (MITgcm) models. We examine open water, sea ice cover, and ice sheet interfaces. We show the evidence of the flux conservation in the results of a 1-month-long summer and 1-month-long winter test experiment. P-SKRIPS v.1 shows the implications of conserving heat flux over the Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea polynyas in August 2016, eliminating the mismatch between total flux calculation in PWRF and MITgcm up to 922 W m −2 .
    Subject code 551 ; 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Book ; Online: Conservation of heat and mass in P-SKRIPS version 1

    Malyarenko, Alena / Gossart, Alexandra / Sun, Rui / Krapp, Mario

    eISSN: 1991-9603

    the coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean model of the Ross Sea

    2023  

    Abstract: Ocean–atmosphere–sea ice interactions are key to understanding the future of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent. Regional coupled climate–sea ice–ocean models have been developed for several polar regions; however the conservation of heat and ...

    Abstract Ocean–atmosphere–sea ice interactions are key to understanding the future of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent. Regional coupled climate–sea ice–ocean models have been developed for several polar regions; however the conservation of heat and mass fluxes between coupled models is often overlooked due to computational difficulties. At regional scale, the non-conservation of water and energy can lead to model drift over multi-year model simulations. Here we present P-SKRIPS version 1, a new version of the SKRIPS coupled model setup for the Ross Sea region. Our development includes a full conservation of heat and mass fluxes transferred between the climate (PWRF) and sea ice–ocean (MITgcm) models. We examine open water, sea ice cover, and ice sheet interfaces. We show the evidence of the flux conservation in the results of a 1-month-long summer and 1-month-long winter test experiment. P-SKRIPS v.1 shows the implications of conserving heat flux over the Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea polynyas in August 2016, eliminating the mismatch between total flux calculation in PWRF and MITgcm up to 922 W m −2 .
    Subject code 551 ; 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: pastclim 1.2: an R package to easily access and use paleoclimatic reconstructions

    Leonardi, Michela / Hallett, Emily Y. / Beyer, Robert / Krapp, Mario / Manica, Andrea

    Ecography. 2023 Mar., v. 2023, no. 3 p.e06481-

    2023  

    Abstract: The recent development of continuous paleoclimatic reconstructions covering hundreds of thousands of years paved the way for a large number of studies from disciplines ranging from paleoecology to archaeology, conservation to population genetics, ... ...

    Abstract The recent development of continuous paleoclimatic reconstructions covering hundreds of thousands of years paved the way for a large number of studies from disciplines ranging from paleoecology to archaeology, conservation to population genetics, macroevolution to anthropology and human evolution to linguistics. Unfortunately, (paleo)climatic data can be challenging to extract and analyze for scholars unfamiliar with such specific file formats. Here we present pastclim, an R package facilitating the access and use of paleoclimatic reconstructions. It currently includes two of such datasets, covering respectively the last 120 000 and 800 000 years, and a vignette provides instructions on how to include additional datasets. The package contains a set of functions to quickly and easily recover the climate for time periods of interest either for the whole world or specific areas, extract data from locations scattered in space and/or time, retrieve time series from individual sites, and manage the ice or land coverage, offering a handy platform to include the climate of the past into existing or new analyses and pipelines.
    Keywords archaeology ; climate ; data collection ; evolution ; humans ; ice ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; population genetics ; time series analysis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1112659-0
    ISSN 0906-7590
    ISSN 0906-7590
    DOI 10.1111/ecog.06481
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  4. Article ; Online: Addendum: High-resolution terrestrial climate, bioclimate and vegetation for the last 120,000 years.

    Beyer, Robert M / Krapp, Mario / Manica, Andrea

    Scientific data

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 262

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/s41597-021-01051-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: High-resolution terrestrial climate, bioclimate and vegetation for the last 120,000 years.

    Beyer, Robert M / Krapp, Mario / Manica, Andrea

    Scientific data

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 236

    Abstract: The variability of climate has profoundly impacted a wide range of macroecological processes in the Late Quaternary. Our understanding of these has greatly benefited from palaeoclimate simulations, however, high-quality reconstructions of ecologically ... ...

    Abstract The variability of climate has profoundly impacted a wide range of macroecological processes in the Late Quaternary. Our understanding of these has greatly benefited from palaeoclimate simulations, however, high-quality reconstructions of ecologically relevant climatic variables have thus far been limited to a few selected time periods. Here, we present a 0.5° resolution bias-corrected dataset of global monthly temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, relative humidity and wind speed, 17 bioclimatic variables, annual net primary productivity, leaf area index and biomes, covering the last 120,000 years at a temporal resolution of 1,000-2,000 years. We combined medium-resolution HadCM3 climate simulations of the last 120,000 years with high-resolution HadAM3H simulations of the last 21,000 years, and modern-era instrumental data. This allows for the temporal variability of small-scale features whilst ensuring consistency with observed climate. Our data make it possible to perform continuous-time analyses at a high spatial resolution for a wide range of climatic and ecological applications - such as habitat and species distribution modelling, dispersal and extinction processes, biogeography and bioanthropology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/s41597-020-0552-1
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  6. Article ; Online: Different environmental variables predict body and brain size evolution in Homo.

    Will, Manuel / Krapp, Mario / Stock, Jay T / Manica, Andrea

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4116

    Abstract: Increasing body and brain size constitutes a key macro-evolutionary pattern in the hominin lineage, yet the mechanisms behind these changes remain debated. Hypothesized drivers include environmental, demographic, social, dietary, and technological ... ...

    Abstract Increasing body and brain size constitutes a key macro-evolutionary pattern in the hominin lineage, yet the mechanisms behind these changes remain debated. Hypothesized drivers include environmental, demographic, social, dietary, and technological factors. Here we test the influence of environmental factors on the evolution of body and brain size in the genus Homo over the last one million years using a large fossil dataset combined with global paleoclimatic reconstructions and formalized hypotheses tested in a quantitative statistical framework. We identify temperature as a major predictor of body size variation within Homo, in accordance with Bergmann's rule. In contrast, net primary productivity of environments and long-term variability in precipitation correlate with brain size but explain low amounts of the observed variation. These associations are likely due to an indirect environmental influence on cognitive abilities and extinction probabilities. Most environmental factors that we test do not correspond with body and brain size evolution, pointing towards complex scenarios which underlie the evolution of key biological characteristics in later Homo.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Climate ; Fossils/anatomy & histology ; Hominidae ; Models, Biological ; Organ Size ; Phylogeny ; Temperature
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-24290-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Climatic windows for human migration out of Africa in the past 300,000 years.

    Beyer, Robert M / Krapp, Mario / Eriksson, Anders / Manica, Andrea

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4889

    Abstract: Whilst an African origin of modern humans is well established, the timings and routes of their expansions into Eurasia are the subject of heated debate, due to the scarcity of fossils and the lack of suitably old ancient DNA. Here, we use high-resolution ...

    Abstract Whilst an African origin of modern humans is well established, the timings and routes of their expansions into Eurasia are the subject of heated debate, due to the scarcity of fossils and the lack of suitably old ancient DNA. Here, we use high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstructions to estimate how difficult it would have been for humans in terms of rainfall availability to leave the African continent in the past 300k years. We then combine these results with an anthropologically and ecologically motivated estimate of the minimum level of rainfall required by hunter-gatherers to survive, allowing us to reconstruct when, and along which geographic paths, expansions out of Africa would have been climatically feasible. The estimated timings and routes of potential contact with Eurasia are compatible with archaeological and genetic evidence of human expansions out of Africa, highlighting the key role of palaeoclimate variability for modern human dispersals.
    MeSH term(s) Africa ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Ancient ; Emigration and Immigration ; Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/genetics ; Human Migration/history ; Humans ; Models, Genetic
    Chemical Substances DNA, Ancient
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-24779-1
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  8. Article ; Online: A statistics-based reconstruction of high-resolution global terrestrial climate for the last 800,000 years.

    Krapp, Mario / Beyer, Robert M / Edmundson, Stephen L / Valdes, Paul J / Manica, Andrea

    Scientific data

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 228

    Abstract: Curated global climate data have been generated from climate model outputs for the last 120,000 years, whereas reconstructions going back even further have been lacking due to the high computational cost of climate simulations. Here, we present a ... ...

    Abstract Curated global climate data have been generated from climate model outputs for the last 120,000 years, whereas reconstructions going back even further have been lacking due to the high computational cost of climate simulations. Here, we present a statistically-derived global terrestrial climate dataset for every 1,000 years of the last 800,000 years. It is based on a set of linear regressions between 72 existing HadCM3 climate simulations of the last 120,000 years and external forcings consisting of CO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/s41597-021-01009-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Range and extinction dynamics of the steppe bison in Siberia: A pattern‐oriented modelling approach

    Pilowsky, Julia A. / Haythorne, Sean / Brown, Stuart C. / Krapp, Mario / Armstrong, Edward / Brook, Barry W. / Rahbek, Carsten / Fordham, Damien A.

    Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2022 Dec., v. 31, no. 12 p.2483-2497

    2022  

    Abstract: AIM: To determine the ecological processes and drivers of range collapse, population decline and eventual extinction of the steppe bison in Eurasia. LOCATION: Siberia. TIME PERIOD: Pleistocene and Holocene. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Steppe bison (Bison priscus) ...

    Abstract AIM: To determine the ecological processes and drivers of range collapse, population decline and eventual extinction of the steppe bison in Eurasia. LOCATION: Siberia. TIME PERIOD: Pleistocene and Holocene. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Steppe bison (Bison priscus). METHODS: We configured 110,000 spatially explicit population models (SEPMs) of climate–human–steppe bison interactions in Siberia, which we ran at generational time steps from 50,000 years before present. We used pattern‐oriented modelling (POM) and fossil‐based inferences of distribution and demographic change of steppe bison to identify which SEPMs adequately simulated important interactions between ecological processes and biological threats. These “best models” were then used to disentangle the mechanisms that were integral in the population decline and later extinction of the steppe bison in its last stronghold in Eurasia. RESULTS: Our continuous reconstructions of the range and extinction dynamics of steppe bison were able to reconcile inferences of spatio‐temporal occurrence and the timing and location of extinction in Siberia based on hundreds of radiocarbon‐dated steppe bison fossils. We showed that simulating the ecological pathway to extinction for steppe bison in Siberia in the early Holocene required very specific ecological niche constraints, demographic processes and a constrained synergy of climate and human hunting dynamics during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Ecological processes and drivers that caused ancient population declines of species can be reconstructed at high spatio‐temporal resolutions using SEPMs and POM. Using this approach, we found that climatic change and hunting by humans are likely to have interacted with key ecological processes to cause the extinction of the steppe bison in its last refuge in Eurasia.
    Keywords Holocene epoch ; Pleistocene epoch ; Siberia ; biogeography ; bison ; climate ; climate change ; extinction ; humans ; niches ; population dynamics ; steppes ; Eurasia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Size p. 2483-2497.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2021283-5
    ISSN 1466-8238 ; 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    ISSN (online) 1466-8238
    ISSN 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    DOI 10.1111/geb.13601
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  10. Article: Pacific variability under present-day and Middle Miocene boundary conditions

    Krapp, Mario / Jungclaus, Johann H

    Climate dynamics. 2015 May, v. 44, no. 9-10

    2015  

    Abstract: We use the coupled climate model MPI-ESM to show that for higher CO₂levels the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) merge into a single mode of Pacific variability, regardless of present-day or Middle Miocene (~15  ...

    Abstract We use the coupled climate model MPI-ESM to show that for higher CO₂levels the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) merge into a single mode of Pacific variability, regardless of present-day or Middle Miocene (~15 Ma) topographic boundary conditions. Hence, topographic differences—determining the landscape of past climates—play a smaller role for Pacific variability than previously thought. We attribute the single variability mode to resonance between these two oscillation patterns. In order to estimate the strength of the resonance we compute the spectral power of the ENSO and PDO time series and their coherence. We find that for both Middle Miocene and present-day topographic conditions, higher CO₂forcing leads to stronger resonance between ENSO and PDO. Our results show that (1) stronger CO₂forcing enhances Pacific variability resulting in stronger “atmospheric bridge” and that (2) past climates are likely to exhibit Pacific variability corresponding either to ENSO, PDO, or our proposed single mode.
    Keywords El Nino ; climate ; climate models ; landscapes ; time series analysis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-05
    Size p. 2609-2621.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1471747-5
    ISSN 1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
    ISSN (online) 1432-0894
    ISSN 0930-7575
    DOI 10.1007/s00382-014-2456-2
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