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  1. Book: Essentials of environmental epidemiology for health protection

    Kreis, Irene A.

    a handbook for field professionals

    2012  

    Author's details ed. by Irene A. Kreis
    Keywords Epidemiology ; Environmental health
    Language English
    Size XVII, 275 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., 25 cm
    Publisher Oxford Univ. Press
    Publishing place Oxford
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    Note Includes index
    HBZ-ID HT017687193
    ISBN 978-0-19-966341-5 ; 0-19-966341-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Book: Essentials of environmental epidemiology for health protection

    Kreis, Irene A

    a handbook for field professionals

    2013  

    Author's details edited by Irene A. Kreis ... [et al.]
    MeSH term(s) Environmental Health ; Environmental Illness/epidemiology ; Epidemiological Monitoring
    Language English
    Size xvii, 275 p. :, ill. ;, 25 cm.
    Edition 1st ed.
    Publisher Oxford University Press
    Publishing place Oxford
    Document type Book
    ISBN 9780199663415 ; 0199663416
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  3. Article ; Online: The association between guideline adherence, age and overall survival among women with non-metastatic breast cancer: A systematic review.

    Miller, Katie / Kreis, Irene A / Gannon, Melissa R / Medina, Jibby / Clements, Karen / Horgan, Kieran / Dodwell, David / Park, Min Hae / Cromwell, David A

    Cancer treatment reviews

    2022  Volume 104, Page(s) 102353

    Abstract: Introduction: Conformity with treatment guidelines should benefit patients. Studies have reported variation in adherence to breast cancer (BC) guidelines, particularly among older women. This study investigated (i) whether adherence to treatment ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Conformity with treatment guidelines should benefit patients. Studies have reported variation in adherence to breast cancer (BC) guidelines, particularly among older women. This study investigated (i) whether adherence to treatment guideline recommendations for women with non-metastatic BC improves overall survival (OS), (ii) whether that relationship varies by age.
    Methodology: MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies on guideline adherence and OS in women with non-metastatic BC, published after January 2000, which examined recommendations on breast surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or endocrine therapy. Study results were summarised using narrative synthesis.
    Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The recommendations for each treatment covered were similar, but studies differed in their definitions of adherence. 5-year OS rates among patients having compliant treatment ranged from 91.3% to 93.2%, while rates among patients having non-compliant treatment ranged from 75.9% to 83.4%. Six studies reported an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for non-compliant treatment compared with compliant treatment; all concluded OS was worse among patients whose overall treatment was non-compliant (aHR range: 1.52 [1.30-1.82] to 2.57 [1.96-3.37]), but adjustment for potential confounders was limited. Worse adherence among older women was reported in 12/16 studies, but they did not provide consistent evidence on whether OS was associated with treatment adherence and age.
    Conclusions: Individual studies reported that better adherence to guidelines improved OS among women with non-metastatic BC, but the evidence base has weaknesses including inconsistent definitions of adherence. More precise and consistent research designs, including the evaluation of barriers to adherence across the spectrum of healthcare practice, are required to fully understand guideline compliance, as well as the relationship between compliance and OS following a BC diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Female ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Proportional Hazards Models
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 125102-8
    ISSN 1532-1967 ; 0305-7372
    ISSN (online) 1532-1967
    ISSN 0305-7372
    DOI 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102353
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Current practice of anticoagulant in the treatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis secondary to acute pancreatitis.

    Norton, William / Lazaraviciute, Gabija / Ramsay, George / Kreis, Irene / Ahmed, Irfan / Bekheit, Mohamed

    Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT

    2020  Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 116–121

    Abstract: Background: Severe acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis in emergency general surgery and can be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. A consequence of severe acute pancreatitis is thrombus in the splanchnic veins. These thrombi can ... ...

    Abstract Background: Severe acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis in emergency general surgery and can be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. A consequence of severe acute pancreatitis is thrombus in the splanchnic veins. These thrombi can potentially lead to bowel ischemia or hepatic failure. However, another complication of severe acute pancreatitis is retroperitoneal bleeding. At this time, it is unclear if treating patients for splanchnic vein thrombosis in the context of severe acute pancreatitis is associated with any outcome benefit. A systematic review might clarify this question.
    Data sources: A two-fold search strategy (one broad and one precise) looked at all published literature. The review was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018102705). MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched and potentially relevant papers were reviewed independently by two researchers. Any disagreement was reviewed by a third independent researcher. Primary outcome was reestablishment of flow in the thrombosed vein versus bleeding complications.
    Results: Of 1462 papers assessed, a total of 16 papers were eligible for inclusion. There were no randomized controlled trials, 2 were case series, 5 retrospective single-center studies and 9 case reports. There were a total of 198 patients in these studies of whom 92 (46.5%) received anticoagulation therapy. The rates of recanalization of veins in the treated and non-treated groups was 14% and 11% and bleeding complications were 16% and 5%, respectively. However, the included studies were too heterogeneous to undertake a meta-analysis.
    Conclusions: The systematic review highlights the lack evidence addressing this clinical question. Therefore a randomized controlled trial would be appropriate to undertake.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Humans ; Pancreatitis/complications ; Splanchnic Circulation ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy ; Venous Thrombosis/etiology
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2241386-8
    ISSN 1499-3872
    ISSN 1499-3872
    DOI 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.12.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Methods for assessment of patient adherence to removable orthoses used after surgery or trauma to the appendicular skeleton: a systematic review.

    Davies, Gareth / Yeomans, Daniel / Tolkien, Zoe / Kreis, Irene A / Potter, Shelley / Gardiner, Matthew D / Jain, Abhilash / Henderson, James / Blazeby, Jane M

    Trials

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 507

    Abstract: Background: Patient adherence to treatment is a key determinant of outcome for healthcare interventions. Whilst non-adherence has been well evidenced in settings such as drug therapy, information regarding patient adherence to orthoses, particularly in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Patient adherence to treatment is a key determinant of outcome for healthcare interventions. Whilst non-adherence has been well evidenced in settings such as drug therapy, information regarding patient adherence to orthoses, particularly in the acute setting, is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, summarise, and critically appraise reported methods for assessing adherence to removable orthoses in adults following acute injury or surgery.
    Methods: Comprehensive searches of the Ovid versions of MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, Central, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and SPORTDiscus identified complete papers published in English between 1990 and September 2018 reporting measurement of adherence to orthoses in adults following surgery or trauma to the appendicular skeleton. Only primary studies with reference to adherence in the title/abstract were included to maintain the focus of the review. Data extraction included study design, sample size, study population, orthosis studied, and instructions for use. Details of methods for assessing adherence were extracted, including instrument/method used, frequency of completion, number of items (if applicable), and score (if any) used to evaluate adherence overall. Validity and reliability of identified methods were assessed together with any conclusions drawn between adherence and outcomes in the study.
    Results: Seventeen papers (5 randomised trials, 10 cohort studies, and 2 case series) were included covering upper (n = 13) and lower (n = 4) limb conditions. A variety of methods for assessing adherence were identified, including questionnaires (n = 10) with single (n = 3) or multiple items (n = 7), home diaries (n = 4), and discussions with the patient (n = 3). There was no consistency in the target behaviour assessed or in the timing or frequency of assessment or the scoring systems used. None of the measures was validated for use in the target population.
    Conclusions: Measurement and reporting of adherence to orthosis use is currently inconsistent. Further research is required to develop a measurement tool that provides a rigorous and reproducible assessment of adherence in this acute population.
    Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42016048462. Registered on 17/10/2016.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Humans ; Orthopedics/methods ; Orthotic Devices ; Patient Compliance/psychology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2040523-6
    ISSN 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1468-6708
    ISSN (online) 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694
    ISSN 1468-6708
    DOI 10.1186/s13063-020-04456-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The impact of PFOS on health in the general population: a review.

    Saikat, Sohel / Kreis, Irene / Davies, Bethan / Bridgman, Stephen / Kamanyire, Robie

    Environmental science. Processes & impacts

    2013  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 329–335

    Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is toxic, bioaccumulative and undergoes wide transportation across all environmental media. It has been widely detected in environmental samples but there is limited information ... ...

    Abstract Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is toxic, bioaccumulative and undergoes wide transportation across all environmental media. It has been widely detected in environmental samples but there is limited information about the health effects on humans from environmental exposure. This paper presents the findings of a review of the literature on the impact of PFOS on the health of the general population. Fifteen relevant epidemiological studies were identified that looked at the association between human PFOS exposure and a range of health related outcomes. Small but statistically significant associations have been reported with PFOS and total cholesterol, glucose metabolism, body mass index (BMI), thyroid function, infertility, breast feeding, uric acid and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The true significance of these findings is uncertain due to the inconsistencies in some of the study results and the limitations of the literature. The majority of studies were cross-sectional and considered surrogate markers of health (e.g. cholesterol levels). The available literature is also limited in ascertaining the link between PFOS concentrations in the environment, exposure pathways and health effects. We conclude that the current evidence is inconclusive and further large-scale prospective cohort studies would be useful to assess the association between environmental exposure to PFOS, appropriate biomarkers (e.g. serum levels of PFOS) and health outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Alkanesulfonic Acids/analysis ; Alkanesulfonic Acids/metabolism ; Alkanesulfonic Acids/toxicity ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants/metabolism ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Fluorocarbons/analysis ; Fluorocarbons/metabolism ; Fluorocarbons/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Biomarkers ; Environmental Pollutants ; Fluorocarbons ; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (9H2MAI21CL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/c2em30698k
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Self-reported neurological symptoms in relation to CO emissions due to problem gas appliance installations in London

    Kreis Irene / Leonardi Giovanni S / Croxford Ben

    Environmental Health, Vol 7, Iss 1, p

    a cross-sectional survey

    2008  Volume 34

    Abstract: Abstract Background Previous research by the authors found evidence that up to 10% of particular household categories may be exposed to elevated carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations from poor quality gas appliance installations. The literature suggests ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Previous research by the authors found evidence that up to 10% of particular household categories may be exposed to elevated carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations from poor quality gas appliance installations. The literature suggests certain neurological symptoms are linked to exposure to low levels of CO. This paper addresses the hypothesis that certain self-reported neurological symptoms experienced by a householder are linked to an estimate of their CO exposure. Methods Between 27 April and 27 June 2006, 597 homes with a mains supply of natural gas were surveyed, mainly in old, urban areas of London. Qualified gas engineers tested all gas appliances (cooker, boiler, gas fire, and water heater) and reported, according to the Gas Industry Unsafe Situations Procedure, appliances considered At Risk (AR), Immediately Dangerous (ID) or Not to Current Standards (NCS). Five exposure risk categories were defined based on measurement of CO emitted by the appliance, its features and its use, with "high or very high" exposure category where occupants were considered likely to be exposed to levels greater than 26 ppm for one hour. The prevalence of symptoms at each level of exposure was compared with that at lowest level of exposure. Results Of the households, 6% were assessed as having a "high or very high" risk of exposure to CO. Of the individuals, 9% reported at least one neurological symptom. There was a statistically significant association between "high or very high" exposure risk to CO and self-reported symptoms compared to "no exposure" likelihood, for households not in receipt of benefit, controlling for "number of residents" and presence of pensioners, OR = 3.23 (95%CI: 1.28, 8.15). Risk ratios across all categories of exposure likelihood indicate a dose-response pattern. Those households in receipt of benefit showed no dose-response pattern. Conclusion This study found an association between risk of CO exposure at low concentration, and prevalence of self-reported neurological symptoms in the ...
    Keywords Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ; RC963-969 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Air pollution effects on peak expiratory flow rate in children.

    Bagheri Lankarani, Narges / Kreis, Irene / Griffiths, David A

    Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology

    2010  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 117–126

    Abstract: Airway mucus hypersecretion Health effects caused by air pollutants may range from subtle biochemical or physiological signs, such as mildly reduced lung function, to difficult breathing, wheezing, coughing and exacerbation of existing respiratory ... ...

    Abstract Airway mucus hypersecretion Health effects caused by air pollutants may range from subtle biochemical or physiological signs, such as mildly reduced lung function, to difficult breathing, wheezing, coughing and exacerbation of existing respiratory conditions such as asthma. The aim of this study was measuring the adverse health effects of air pollution on lung function of primary school students. The lung function of students was measured daily for seven weeks in two elementary schools in District 12 of Tehran, after obtaining permission from the two principals and signed parents' consent forms. Twenty four hourly air pollution levels were used as potential predictors of lung function. The principal analysis conducted was a logistic regression on a subset of the data using a case-crossover design. The outcomes data consisted of the results of lung function tests for 356 female and 206 male students over the six-week period. Using the difference between mean (87) and maximum (125) concentration of moving average of NO in this period to judge the size of the effect, such an increase in NO is predicted to lead to an increase in the probability of poor lung function (OR=20) based on population-based predicted value. This study has shown strong and consistent associations between children's poor lung function and outdoor air pollutants in District 12 of Tehran for some pollutants. The strong association found in this study was an increase in seven-day moving average of NO using both definitions.
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
    Chemical Substances Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-06
    Publishing country Iran
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2488724-9
    ISSN 1735-1502
    ISSN 1735-1502
    DOI 09.02/ijaai.117126
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Epidemiology of unintentional carbon monoxide fatalities in the UK.

    de Juniac, Alexandra / Kreis, Irene / Ibison, Judith / Murray, Virginia

    International journal of environmental health research

    2012  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 210–219

    Abstract: This study aims to describe the epidemiology of unintentional non-fire related CO fatalities in the UK and to relate this information to sources of CO. Data from the CO-Gas Safety Society (COGSS) database was analysed and compared with data from the ... ...

    Abstract This study aims to describe the epidemiology of unintentional non-fire related CO fatalities in the UK and to relate this information to sources of CO. Data from the CO-Gas Safety Society (COGSS) database was analysed and compared with data from the English House Condition Survey (EHCS). There were 462 deaths from the COGSS database, from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2007 inclusive. The relative risk for death due to non-gas vs gas fuels was 10.52 (95% CI 7.71-14.34). The main weakness of the study is the likely underascertainment of CO deaths in the database. However, this study has identified specific risk factors for CO-related deaths in the UK; the use of non-gas fuels has not previously been highlighted as a significant cause of CO poisoning, and the relative risk (although not the absolute risk) of CO-related fatalities from these fuels is substantial.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/diagnosis ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/etiology ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/mortality ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Heating/standards ; Housing/standards ; Humans ; Infant ; International Classification of Diseases ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seasons ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1104887-6
    ISSN 1369-1619 ; 0960-3123
    ISSN (online) 1369-1619
    ISSN 0960-3123
    DOI 10.1080/09603123.2011.628645
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The impact of PFOS on health in the general population: a review

    Saikat, Sohel / Bridgman, Stephen / Davies, Bethan / Kamanyire, Robie / Kreis, Irene

    Environmental science. 2013 Jan. 30, v. 15, no. 2

    2013  

    Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is toxic, bioaccumulative and undergoes wide transportation across all environmental media. It has been widely detected in environmental samples but there is limited information ... ...

    Abstract Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is toxic, bioaccumulative and undergoes wide transportation across all environmental media. It has been widely detected in environmental samples but there is limited information about the health effects on humans from environmental exposure. This paper presents the findings of a review of the literature on the impact of PFOS on the health of the general population. Fifteen relevant epidemiological studies were identified that looked at the association between human PFOS exposure and a range of health related outcomes. Small but statistically significant associations have been reported with PFOS and total cholesterol, glucose metabolism, body mass index (BMI), thyroid function, infertility, breast feeding, uric acid and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The true significance of these findings is uncertain due to the inconsistencies in some of the study results and the limitations of the literature. The majority of studies were cross-sectional and considered surrogate markers of health (e.g. cholesterol levels). The available literature is also limited in ascertaining the link between PFOS concentrations in the environment, exposure pathways and health effects. We conclude that the current evidence is inconclusive and further large-scale prospective cohort studies would be useful to assess the association between environmental exposure to PFOS, appropriate biomarkers (e.g. serum levels of PFOS) and health outcomes.
    Keywords biomarkers ; blood serum ; body mass index ; breast feeding ; cholesterol ; cohort studies ; exposure pathways ; glucose ; health effects assessments ; humans ; metabolism ; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid ; persistent organic pollutants ; sulfonates ; thyroid function ; toxicity ; uric acid
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0130
    Size p. 329-335.
    Publishing place The Royal Society of Chemistry
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/c2em30698k
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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