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  1. Article ; Online: Assessing rodents as carriers of pathogenic Leptospira species in the U.S. Virgin Islands and their risk to animal and public health

    Camila Hamond / A. Springer Browne / Leah H. de Wilde / Richard L. Hornsby / Karen LeCount / Tammy Anderson / Tod Stuber / Hannah M. Cranford / Stephanie K. Browne / Gerard Blanchard / David Horner / Marissa L. Taylor / Michael Evans / Nicole F. Angeli / Joseph Roth / Kristine M. Bisgard / Johanna S. Salzer / Ilana J. Schafer / Brett R. Ellis /
    David P. Alt / Linda Schlater / Jarlath E. Nally / Esther M. Ellis

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. We sought to determine if rodents in U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) are carriers of Leptospira. In total, 140 rodents were sampled, including 112 Mus ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. We sought to determine if rodents in U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) are carriers of Leptospira. In total, 140 rodents were sampled, including 112 Mus musculus and 28 Rattus rattus. A positive carrier status was identified for 64/140 (45.7%); 49 (35.0%) were positive by dark-field microscopy, 60 (42.9%) by culture, 63 (45.0%) by fluorescent antibody testing, and 61 (43.6%) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). Molecular typing indicated that 48 isolates were L. borgpetersenii and 3 were L. kirschneri; the remaining nine comprised mixed species. In the single culture-negative sample that was rtPCR positive, genotyping directly from the kidney identified L. interrogans. Serotyping of L. borgpetersenii isolates identified serogroup Ballum and L. kirschneri isolates as serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. These results demonstrate that rodents are significant Leptospira carriers and adds to understanding the ecoepidemiology of leptospirosis in USVI.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Determination of freedom-from-rabies for small Indian mongoose populations in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.

    A Springer Browne / Hannah M Cranford / Clint N Morgan / James A Ellison / Are Berentsen / Nicholas Wiese / Alexandra Medley / John Rossow / Leanne Jankelunas / Alan S McKinley / Claudia D Lombard / Nicole F Angeli / Thomas Kelley / Jennifer Valiulus / Bethany Bradford / Valicia J Burke-France / Cosme J Harrison / Irene Guendel / Marissa Taylor /
    Gerard L Blanchard / Jeffrey B Doty / David J Worthington / David Horner / Keith R Garcia / Joseph Roth / Brett R Ellis / Kristine M Bisgard / Ryan Wallace / Esther M Ellis

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e

    2021  Volume 0009536

    Abstract: Mongooses, a nonnative species, are a known reservoir of rabies virus in the Caribbean region. A cross-sectional study of mongooses at 41 field sites on the US Virgin Islands of St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas captured 312 mongooses (32% capture rate) ...

    Abstract Mongooses, a nonnative species, are a known reservoir of rabies virus in the Caribbean region. A cross-sectional study of mongooses at 41 field sites on the US Virgin Islands of St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas captured 312 mongooses (32% capture rate). We determined the absence of rabies virus by antigen testing and rabies virus exposure by antibody testing in mongoose populations on all three islands. USVI is the first Caribbean state to determine freedom-from-rabies for its mongoose populations with a scientifically-led robust cross-sectional study. Ongoing surveillance activities will determine if other domestic and wildlife populations in USVI are rabies-free.
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: Association of short-term exposure to ground-level ozone and respiratory outpatient clinic visits in a rural location – Sublette County, Wyoming, 2008–2011

    Pride, Kerry R / Ashley Busacker / Byron F. Robinson / Fuyuen Y. Yip / Jennifer L. Peel / Joseph Grandpre / Kristine M. Bisgard / Tracy D. Murphy

    Environmental Research. 2015 Feb., v. 137

    2015  

    Abstract: Short-term exposure to ground-level ozone has been linked to adverse respiratory and other health effects; previous studies typically have focused on summer ground-level ozone in urban areas. During 2008–2011, Sublette County, Wyoming (population: ~10, ... ...

    Abstract Short-term exposure to ground-level ozone has been linked to adverse respiratory and other health effects; previous studies typically have focused on summer ground-level ozone in urban areas. During 2008–2011, Sublette County, Wyoming (population: ~10,000 persons), experienced periods of elevated ground-level ozone concentrations during the winter. This study sought to evaluate the association of daily ground-level ozone concentrations and health clinic visits for respiratory disease in this rural county.Clinic visits for respiratory disease were ascertained from electronic billing records of the two clinics in Sublette County for January 1, 2008–December 31, 2011. A time-stratified case-crossover design, adjusted for temperature and humidity, was used to investigate associations between ground-level ozone concentrations measured at one station and clinic visits for a respiratory health concern by using an unconstrained distributed lag of 0–3 days and single-day lags of 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days.The data set included 12,742 case-days and 43,285 selected control-days. The mean ground-level ozone observed was 47±8ppb. The unconstrained distributed lag of 0–3 days was consistent with a null association (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.990–1.012); results for lags 0, 2, and 3 days were consistent with the null. However, the results for lag 1 were indicative of a positive association; for every 10-ppb increase in the 8-h maximum average ground-level ozone, a 3.0% increase in respiratory clinic visits the following day was observed (aOR: 1.031; 95% CI: 0.994–1.069). Season modified the adverse respiratory effects: ground-level ozone was significantly associated with respiratory clinic visits during the winter months. The patterns of results from all sensitivity analyzes were consistent with the a priori model.The results demonstrate an association of increasing ground-level ozone with an increase in clinic visits for adverse respiratory-related effects in the following day (lag day 1) in Sublette County; the magnitude was strongest during the winter months; this association during the winter months in a rural location warrants further investigation.
    Keywords acute exposure ; confidence interval ; data collection ; humidity ; odds ratio ; ozone ; people ; respiratory tract diseases ; rural areas ; summer ; temperature ; urban areas ; winter ; Wyoming
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-02
    Size p. 1-7.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.033
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Changes in Predominance and Diversity of Genomic Subtypes of Bordetella pertussis Isolated in the United States, 1935 to 1999

    Terri Hawes Hardwick / Pamela K. Cassiday / Robbin S. Weyant / Kristine M. Bisgard / Gary N. Sanden

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 44-

    2002  Volume 49

    Abstract: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Bordetella pertussis chromosomal DNA fragments generated by XbaI restriction has been used to subtype isolates for epidemiologic studies. To better understand the natural history of pertussis, we determined the ... ...

    Abstract Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Bordetella pertussis chromosomal DNA fragments generated by XbaI restriction has been used to subtype isolates for epidemiologic studies. To better understand the natural history of pertussis, we determined the PFGE profiles of 1,333 strains isolated in the United States from 1935 to 1999. Results showed a shift in prevalent profiles from the earliest to the latest study periods. In addition, genetic diversity decreased over time, and prevalent profiles were more highly related to each other than to less common profiles. These results provide the foundation for investigating the impact of prevention strategies, including the use of the acellular vaccines, on the currently circulating B. pertussis population.
    Keywords pertussis ; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; United States ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Haemophilus influenzae Invasive Disease in the United States, 1994–1995

    Kristine M. Bisgard / Annie S. Kao / John Leake / Peter M. Strebel / Bradley A. Perkins / Melinda Wharton

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 229-

    Near Disappearance of a Vaccine-Preventable Childhood Disease

    1998  Volume 237

    Abstract: We analyzed national Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) surveillance data from 1994 and 1995 to describe the epidemiology of Hi invasive disease among persons of all ages. Serotype data were available for 376 (56%) of 669 reported Hi cases among children aged 4 ...

    Abstract We analyzed national Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) surveillance data from 1994 and 1995 to describe the epidemiology of Hi invasive disease among persons of all ages. Serotype data were available for 376 (56%) of 669 reported Hi cases among children aged 4 years or younger; 184 (49%) were H. influenzae type b (Hib). Among children aged 4 or younger, incidence (per 100,000) of all Hi invasive disease was 1.8 in 1994 and 1.6 (p < 0.05) in 1995. Children aged 5 months or younger had the highest average annual incidence rate of Hib invasive disease (2.2 per 100,000); children aged 6 to 11 months had the next highest rate (1.2 per 100,000) (p < 0.05). Of 181 children with Hib invasive disease whose age in months was known, 85 (47%) were too young (aged 5 months or younger) to have completed a primary series with an Hib-containing vaccine. Of the 83 children with known vaccination status who were eligible to receive a primary series (aged 6 months or older), 52 (63%) were undervaccinated, and the remaining 31 (37%) had completed a primary series in which vaccine failed. Among persons aged 5 years or older with Hi invasive disease, the lowest average annual incidence was among those 20 to 39 years of age (0.15 per 100,000), and the highest was among those aged 80 years or older (2.26 per 100,000). Among persons aged 5 years or older, serotype data were available for 1,372 (71%) of the 1,940 Hi invasive disease cases; 159 (28%) of the 568 Hi cases with known serotype were due to Hib.
    Keywords United States ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 610 ; 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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