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  1. Article: Potential Induced Radioactivity in Materials Processed with X-ray Energy Above 5 MeV.

    Michel, Hervé / Kroc, Thomas / McEvoy, Brian J / Patil, Deepak / Reppert, Pierre / Smith, Mark A

    Biomedical instrumentation & technology

    2021  Volume 55, Issue s3, Page(s) 17–26

    Abstract: Section 5.1.2 of ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11137-1 states that "the potential for induced radioactivity in product shall be assessed." This article describes how compliance with this requirement may be achieved using qualified test methods. Materials of ... ...

    Abstract Section 5.1.2 of ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11137-1 states that "the potential for induced radioactivity in product shall be assessed." This article describes how compliance with this requirement may be achieved using qualified test methods. Materials of consideration are conceptually discussed, and results of testing conducted on products processed with a 7.5-MeV X-ray irradiation process are provided. As X-ray becomes more widely used in healthcare sterilization, having standard assessment protocols for activation coupled with a shared database of material test results will benefit manufacturers seeking to utilize this innovative technology.
    MeSH term(s) Health Facilities ; Radioactivity ; Sterilization ; X-Rays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1025474-2
    ISSN 0899-8205
    ISSN 0899-8205
    DOI 10.2345/0899-8205-55.s3.17
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 898: Show issues Location:
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  2. Book ; Online: Neutron Therapy in the 21st Century

    Kroc, Thomas K. / Welsh, James S.

    2014  

    Abstract: The question of whether or not neutron therapy works has been answered. It is a qualified yes, as is the case with all of radiation therapy. But, neutron therapy has not kept pace with the rest of radiation therapy in terms of beam delivery techniques. ... ...

    Abstract The question of whether or not neutron therapy works has been answered. It is a qualified yes, as is the case with all of radiation therapy. But, neutron therapy has not kept pace with the rest of radiation therapy in terms of beam delivery techniques. Modern photon and proton based external beam radiotherapy routinely implements image-guidance, beam intensity-modulation and 3-dimensional treatment planning. The current iteration of fast neutron radiotherapy does not. Addressing these deficiencies, however, is not a matter of technology or understanding, but resources. The future of neutron therapy lies in better understanding the interaction processes of radiation with living tissue. A combination of radiobiology and computer simulations is required in order to optimize the use of neutron therapy. The questions that need to be answered are: Can we connect the macroscopic with the microscopic? What is the optimum energy? What is the optimum energy spectrum? Can we map the sensitivity of the various tissues of the human body and use that knowledge to our advantage? And once we gain a better understanding of the above radiobiological issues will we be able to capitalize on this understanding by precisely and accurately delivering fast neutrons in a manner comparable to what is now possible with photons and protons? This presentation will review the accomplishments to date. It will then lay out the questions that need to be answered for neutron therapy to truly be a 21st Century therapy.

    Comment: 8 p
    Keywords Physics - Medical Physics ; Physics - Accelerator Physics
    Subject code 616
    Publishing date 2014-09-05
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Autophagic flux in glioblastoma cells.

    Yasui, Linda S / Duran, Maria / Andorf, Christine / Kroc, Thomas / Owens, Kathryn / Allen-Durdan, Kelsie / Schuck, Andrew / Grayburn, Scott / Becker, Richard

    International journal of radiation biology

    2016  Volume 92, Issue 11, Page(s) 665–678

    Abstract: To establish metabolic context for radiation sensitivity by measuring autophagic flux in two different glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Clonogenic survival curve analysis of U87 or U251 cells exposed to γ radiation, fast neutrons, a mixed energy neutron ... ...

    Abstract To establish metabolic context for radiation sensitivity by measuring autophagic flux in two different glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Clonogenic survival curve analysis of U87 or U251 cells exposed to γ radiation, fast neutrons, a mixed energy neutron beam (METNB) or Auger electrons from a gadolinium neutron capture (GdNC) reaction suggested other factors, beyond a defective DNA damage response, contribute to cell death of U251 cells. Altered tumor metabolism (autophagy) was hypothesized as a factor in U251 cells' clonogenic response. Each of the four different radiation modalities induced an increase in the number of autophagosomes in both U87 and U251 cells. Changes in the number of autophagosomes can be explained by either induction of autophagy or alterations in autophagic flux so autophagic flux was assayed by p62 immunoblotting or in engineered GBM cells that stably express an autophagy marker protein, LC3B-eGFP-mCherry. Perturbations in later stages of autophagy in U251 cells corresponded with radiation sensitivity of U251 cells irradiated with 10 Gy γ rays. Establishment of altered autophagic flux is a useful biomarker for metabolic stress and provided metabolic context for radiation sensitization to 10 Gy γ rays. These results provide strong evidence for the usefulness of managing tumor cell metabolism as a tool for the enhancement of radiation therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagosomes/pathology ; Autophagosomes/radiation effects ; Autophagy/radiation effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Electrons/therapeutic use ; Gamma Rays/therapeutic use ; Glioblastoma/genetics ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Glioblastoma/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Neutrons/therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy Dosage
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3065-x
    ISSN 1362-3095 ; 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    ISSN (online) 1362-3095
    ISSN 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    DOI 10.3109/09553002.2016.1150617
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Boron neutron capture in prostate cancer cells.

    Yasui, Linda / Kroc, Thomas / Gladden, Samantha / Andorf, Christine / Bux, Sajit / Hosmane, Narayan

    Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine

    2012  Volume 70, Issue 1, Page(s) 6–12

    Abstract: A modified enhanced thermal neutron beam (METNB) assembly at Fermilab was used to irradiate borylphenylalanine (BPA) treated human prostate cancer cells, DU 145. Acceptable cellular uptake levels of BPA and no BPA cytotoxicity were observed. In the ... ...

    Abstract A modified enhanced thermal neutron beam (METNB) assembly at Fermilab was used to irradiate borylphenylalanine (BPA) treated human prostate cancer cells, DU 145. Acceptable cellular uptake levels of BPA and no BPA cytotoxicity were observed. In the absence of BPA, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the METNB was determined to be 2.3-4.8 times greater than gamma rays. An additional 1.2 or 1.4 fold relative enhancement from boron neutron capture (RE(BNC)) was observed for METNB irradiated DU 145 cells treated with 4.9 or 12mM BPA, respectively. The additional cell killing of the BPA loaded DU 145 cells by the METNB at Fermilab is evidence for a BNC enhanced cell killing.
    MeSH term(s) Boron Neutron Capture Therapy/methods ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1142596-9
    ISSN 1872-9800 ; 0883-2889 ; 0969-8043
    ISSN (online) 1872-9800
    ISSN 0883-2889 ; 0969-8043
    DOI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.07.001
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  5. Article: Gadolinium neutron capture in glioblastoma multiforme cells.

    Yasui, Linda S / Andorf, Christine / Schneider, Linda / Kroc, Thomas / Lennox, Arlene / Saroja, K R

    International journal of radiation biology

    2008  Volume 84, Issue 12, Page(s) 1130–1139

    Abstract: Purpose: A proof of principle for cell killing by Gadolinium (Gd) neutron capture in Magnevist preloaded Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells is provided.: Materials and methods: U87cells were pre-loaded with 5 mg/ml Magnevist (Gd containing compound) ...

    Abstract Purpose: A proof of principle for cell killing by Gadolinium (Gd) neutron capture in Magnevist preloaded Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells is provided.
    Materials and methods: U87cells were pre-loaded with 5 mg/ml Magnevist (Gd containing compound) and irradiated using an enhanced neutron beam developed at NIU Institute for Neutron Therapy at Fermilab. These experiments were possible because of an enhanced fast neutron therapy assembly designed to use the fast neutron beam at Fermilab to deliver a neutron beam containing a greater fraction of thermal neutrons and because of the development of improved calculations for dose for the enhanced neutron beam. Clonogenic response was determined.
    Results: U87 cell survival after gamma irradiation, fast neutron irradiation and irradiation with the enhanced neutron beam in the presence or absence of Magnevist were determined.
    Conclusions: U87 cells were the least sensitive to gamma radiation, and increasingly sensitive to fast neutron irradiation, irradiation with the enhanced neutron beam and finally a significant enhancement in cell killing was observed for U87 cells preloaded with Magnevist. The sensitivity of U87 cells pre-loaded with Magnevist and then irradiated with the enhanced neutron beam can at least in part be attributed to the Auger electrons emitted by the neutron capture event.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Neoplasms ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/radiation effects ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Gamma Rays ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Neutrons
    Chemical Substances Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT) ; Gadolinium DTPA (K2I13DR72L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3065-x
    ISSN 1362-3095 ; 0955-3002 ; 0020-7616
    ISSN (online) 1362-3095
    ISSN 0955-3002 ; 0020-7616
    DOI 10.1080/09553000802538092
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  6. Article ; Online: Upright 3D treatment planning using a vertical CT.

    Shah, Anand P / Strauss, Jonathan B / Kirk, Michael C / Chen, Sea S / Kroc, Thomas K / Zusag, Thomas W

    Medical dosimetry : official journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists

    2009  Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 82–86

    Abstract: In this report, we describe a novel technique used to plan and administer external beam radiation therapy to a patient in the upright position. A patient required reirradiation for thymic carcinoma but was unable to tolerate the supine position due to ... ...

    Abstract In this report, we describe a novel technique used to plan and administer external beam radiation therapy to a patient in the upright position. A patient required reirradiation for thymic carcinoma but was unable to tolerate the supine position due to bilateral phrenic nerve injury and paralysis of the diaphragm. Computed tomography (CT) images in the upright position were acquired at the Northern Illinois University Institute for Neutron Therapy at Fermilab. The CT data were imported into a standard 3-dimensional (3D) treatment planning system. Treatment was designed to deliver 24 Gy to the target volume while respecting normal tissue tolerances. A custom chair that locked into the treatment table indexing system was constructed for immobilization, and port films verified the reproducibility of setup. Radiation was administered using mixed photon and electron AP fields.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Clinical Protocols ; Durable Medical Equipment ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Posture ; Radiation Equipment and Supplies ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Thymoma/radiotherapy ; Thymoma/surgery ; Thymus Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Thymus Neoplasms/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645065-9
    ISSN 1873-4022 ; 0958-3947 ; 0739-0211
    ISSN (online) 1873-4022
    ISSN 0958-3947 ; 0739-0211
    DOI 10.1016/j.meddos.2008.05.004
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2448: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article: Experimental demonstration of relativistic electron cooling.

    Nagaitsev, Sergei / Broemmelsiek, Daniel / Burov, Alexey / Carlson, Kermit / Gattuso, Consolato / Hu, Martin / Kroc, Thomas / Prost, Lionel / Pruss, Stanley / Sutherland, Mary / Schmidt, Charles W / Shemyakin, Alexander / Tupikov, Vitali / Warner, Arden / Kazakevich, Grigory / Seletskiy, Sergey

    Physical review letters

    2006  Volume 96, Issue 4, Page(s) 44801

    Abstract: We report on an experimental demonstration of electron cooling of high-energy antiprotons circulating in a storage ring. In our experiments, electron cooling, a well-established method at low energies (<500 MeV/nucleon), was carried out in a new region ... ...

    Abstract We report on an experimental demonstration of electron cooling of high-energy antiprotons circulating in a storage ring. In our experiments, electron cooling, a well-established method at low energies (<500 MeV/nucleon), was carried out in a new region of beam parameters, requiring a multi-MeV dc electron beam and an unusual beam transport line. In this Letter, we present the results of the longitudinal cooling force measurements and compare them with theoretical predictions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.044801
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