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Article ; Online: The PhenX Toolkit: Establishing Standard Measures for COVID-19 Research.

Krzyzanowski, Michelle C / Terry, Ian / Williams, David / West, Pat / Gridley, Lauren N / Hamilton, Carol M

Current protocols

2021 Volume 1, Issue 4, Page(s) e111

Abstract: The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/) is a publicly available, web-based catalog of recommended, well-established measurement protocols of phenotypes and exposures. The goal of PhenX is to ... ...

Abstract	The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/) is a publicly available, web-based catalog of recommended, well-established measurement protocols of phenotypes and exposures. The goal of PhenX is to facilitate the use of standard measures, enhance data interoperability, and promote collaborative and translational research. PhenX is driven by the scientific community and historically has depended on working groups of experts to recommend measures for release in the PhenX Toolkit. The urgent need for recommended, standard measures for COVID-19 research triggered the development of a "rapid release" process for releasing new content in the PhenX Toolkit. Initially, PhenX collaborated with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the National Human Genome Research Institute, and the NIH Disaster Research Response (DR2) program to create a library of COVID-19 measurement protocols. With additional support from NIH, PhenX adapted crowdsourcing techniques to accelerate prioritization and recommendation of protocols for release in the PhenX Toolkit. Prioritized COVID-19-specific protocols were used to anchor and define specialty collections of protocols that were subject to review and approval by the PhenX Steering Committee. In addition to the COVID-19-specific protocols, the specialty collections include existing, well-established PhenX protocols, use of which will further enhance data interoperability and cross-study analysis. The COVID-19 specialty collections are Behaviors and Risks; Ethnicity, Race and Demographics; History, Treatment and Outcomes; Information Resources; Psychosocial and Mental Health; and Socioeconomic. The development and usage of PhenX COVID-19 specialty collections are described in this article. © 2021 The Authors. Basic Protocol: Selecting COVID-19 protocols.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Internet ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Software ; Translational Medical Research ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-27
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2691-1299
ISSN (online)	2691-1299
DOI	10.1002/cpz1.111
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Article: T-CLEARE: A Pilot Community-Driven Tissue-Clearing Protocol Repository.

Weiss, Kurt / Huisken, Jan / Bakalov, Vesselina / Engle, Michelle / Gridley, Lauren / Krzyzanowski, Michelle C / Madden, Tom / Maiese, Deborah / Waterfield, Justin / Williams, David / Wu, Xin / Hamilton, Carol M / Huggins, Wayne

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Selecting and implementing a tissue-clearing protocol is challenging. Established more than 100 years ago, tissue clearing is still a rapidly evolving field of research. There are currently many published protocols to choose from, and each performs ... ...

Abstract	Selecting and implementing a tissue-clearing protocol is challenging. Established more than 100 years ago, tissue clearing is still a rapidly evolving field of research. There are currently many published protocols to choose from, and each performs better or worse across a range of key evaluation factors (e.g., speed, cost, tissue stability, fluorescence quenching). Additionally, tissue-clearing protocols are often optimized for specific experimental contexts, and applying an existing protocol to a new problem can require a lengthy period of adaptation by trial and error. Although the primary literature and review articles provide a useful starting point for optimization, there is growing recognition that many articles do not provide sufficient detail to replicate or reproduce experimental results. To help address this issue, we have developed a novel, freely available repository of tissue-clearing protocols named T-CLEARE (Tissue CLEAring protocol REpository; https://doryworkspace.org/doryviz). T-CLEARE incorporates community responses to an open survey designed to capture details not commonly found in the scientific literature, including modifications to published protocols required for specific use cases and instances when tissue-clearing protocols did not perform well (negative results). The goal of T-CLEARE is to provide a forum for the community to share evaluations and modifications of tissue-clearing protocols for various tissue types and potentially identify best-in-class methods for a given application.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.03.09.531970
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Article ; Online: The PhenX Toolkit: Recommended Measurement Protocols for Social Determinants of Health Research.

Ives, Cataia L / Krzyzanowski, Michelle C / Marshall, Vanessa J / Norris, Keith / Cockburn, Myles / Bentley-Edwards, Keisha / Mohottige, Dinushika / Pollack Porter, Keshia M / Dillard, Denise / Eisenberg, Yochai / Jiménez, Monik C / Pérez-Stable, Eliseo J / Jones, Nancy L / Dayal, Jyoti / Maiese, Deborah R / Williams, David / Hendershot, Tabitha P / Hamilton, Carol M

Current protocols

2024 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e977

Abstract: Health disparities are driven by unequal conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, commonly termed the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH). The availability of recommended measurement protocols ... ...

Abstract	Health disparities are driven by unequal conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, commonly termed the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH). The availability of recommended measurement protocols for SDoH will enable investigators to consistently collect data for SDoH constructs. The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit is a web-based catalog of recommended measurement protocols for use in research studies with human participants. Using standard protocols from the PhenX Toolkit makes it easier to compare and combine studies, potentially increasing the impact of individual studies, and aids in comparability across literature. In 2018, the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities provided support for an initial expert Working Group to identify and recommend established SDoH protocols for inclusion in the PhenX Toolkit. In 2022, a second expert Working Group was convened to build on the work of the first SDoH Working Group and address gaps in the SDoH Toolkit Collections. The SDoH Collections consist of a Core Collection and Individual and Structural Specialty Collections. This article describes a Basic Protocol for using the PhenX Toolkit to select and implement SDoH measurement protocols for use in research studies. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol: Using the PhenX Toolkit to select and implement SDoH protocols.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Social Determinants of Health ; Academies and Institutes ; Consensus ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Government Employees
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2691-1299
ISSN (online)	2691-1299
DOI	10.1002/cpz1.977
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Article ; Online: The PhenX Toolkit: Measurement Protocols for Assessment of Social Determinants of Health.

Krzyzanowski, Michelle C / Ives, Cataia L / Jones, Nancy L / Entwisle, Barbara / Fernandez, Alicia / Cullen, Theresa A / Darity, William A / Fossett, Mark / Remington, Patrick L / Taualii, Maile / Wilkins, Consuelo H / Pérez-Stable, Eliseo J / Rajapakse, Nishadi / Breen, Nancy / Zhang, Xinzhi / Maiese, Deborah R / Hendershot, Tabitha P / Mandal, Meisha / Hwang, Stephen Y /

Huggins, Wayne / Gridley, Lauren / Riley, Amanda / Ramos, Erin M / Hamilton, Carol M

American journal of preventive medicine

2023 Volume 65, Issue 3, Page(s) 534–542

Abstract: Introduction: Social determinants are structures and conditions in the biological, physical, built, and social environments that affect health, social and physical functioning, health risk, quality of life, and health outcomes. The adoption of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Social determinants are structures and conditions in the biological, physical, built, and social environments that affect health, social and physical functioning, health risk, quality of life, and health outcomes. The adoption of recommended, standard measurement protocols for social determinants of health will advance the science of minority health and health disparities research and provide standard social determinants of health protocols for inclusion in all studies with human participants. Methods: A PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Working Group of social determinants of health experts was convened from October 2018 to May 2020 and followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend social determinants of health measurement protocols. The PhenX Toolkit contains data collection protocols suitable for inclusion in a wide range of research studies. The recommended social determinants of health protocols were shared with the broader scientific community to invite review and feedback before being added to the Toolkit. Results: Nineteen social determinants of health protocols were released in the PhenX Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org) in May 2020 to provide measures at the individual and structural levels for built and natural environments, structural racism, economic resources, employment status, occupational health and safety, education, environmental exposures, food environment, health and health care, and sociocultural community context. Conclusions: Promoting the adoption of well-established social determinants of health protocols can enable consistent data collection and facilitate comparing and combining studies, with the potential to increase their scientific impact.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Social Determinants of Health ; Quality of Life ; Phenotype ; Data Collection ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.003
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Article ; Online: Rams Have Heart, a Mobile App Tracking Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption to Support the Cardiovascular Health of College Students: Development and Usability Study.

Krzyzanowski, Michelle C / Kizakevich, Paul N / Duren-Winfield, Vanessa / Eckhoff, Randall / Hampton, Joel / Blackman Carr, Loneke T / McCauley, Georgia / Roberson, Kristina B / Onsomu, Elijah O / Williams, John / Price, Amanda Alise

JMIR mHealth and uHealth

2020 Volume 8, Issue 8, Page(s) e15156

Abstract: Background: With the increasing use of mobile devices to access the internet and as the main computing system of apps, there is a growing market for mobile health apps to provide self-care advice. Their effectiveness with regard to diet and fitness ... ...

Abstract	Background: With the increasing use of mobile devices to access the internet and as the main computing system of apps, there is a growing market for mobile health apps to provide self-care advice. Their effectiveness with regard to diet and fitness tracking, for example, needs to be examined. The majority of American adults fail to meet daily recommendations for healthy behavior. Testing user engagement with an app in a controlled environment can provide insight into what is effective and not effective in an app focused on improving diet and exercise. Objective: We developed Rams Have Heart, a mobile app, to support a cardiovascular disease (CVD) intervention course. The app tracks healthy behaviors, including fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity, throughout the day. This paper aimed to present its functionality and evaluated adherence among the African American college student population. Methods: We developed the app using the Personal Health Informatics and Intervention Toolkit, a software framework. Rams Have Heart integrates self-reported health screening with health education, diary tracking, and user feedback modules to acquire data and assess progress. The parent study, conducted at a historically black college and university-designated institution in southeastern United States, consisted of a semester-long intervention administered as an academic course in the fall, for 3 consecutive years. Changes were made after the cohort 1 pilot study, so results only include cohorts 2 and 3, comprising a total of 115 students (n=55 intervention participants and n=54 control participants) aged from 17 to 24 years. Data collected over the study period were transferred using the secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure protocol and stored in a secure Structured Query Language server database accessible only to authorized persons. SAS software was used to analyze the overall app usage and the specific results collected. Results: Of the 55 students in the intervention group, 27 (49%) students in cohort 2 and 25 (45%) in cohort 3 used the Rams Have Heart app at least once. Over the course of the fall semester, app participation dropped off gradually until exam week when most students no longer participated. The average fruit and vegetable intake increased slightly, and activity levels decreased over the study period. Conclusions: Rams Have Heart was developed to allow daily tracking of fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity to support a CVD risk intervention for a student demographic susceptible to obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. We conducted an analysis of app usage, function, and user results. Although a mobile app provides privacy and flexibility for user participation in a research study, Rams Have Heart did not improve compliance or user outcomes. Health-oriented research studies relying on apps in support of user goals need further evaluation.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Mobile Applications ; Pilot Projects ; Students ; Vegetables ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-05
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2719220-9
ISSN	2291-5222 ; 2291-5222
ISSN (online)	2291-5222
ISSN	2291-5222
DOI	10.2196/15156
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Article ; Online: Rams Have Heart, a Mobile App Tracking Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption to Support the Cardiovascular Health of College Students

JMIR mHealth and uHealth, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e

Development and Usability Study

2020 Volume 15156

Abstract: BackgroundWith the increasing use of mobile devices to access the internet and as the main computing system of apps, there is a growing market for mobile health apps to provide self-care advice. Their effectiveness with regard to diet and fitness ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundWith the increasing use of mobile devices to access the internet and as the main computing system of apps, there is a growing market for mobile health apps to provide self-care advice. Their effectiveness with regard to diet and fitness tracking, for example, needs to be examined. The majority of American adults fail to meet daily recommendations for healthy behavior. Testing user engagement with an app in a controlled environment can provide insight into what is effective and not effective in an app focused on improving diet and exercise. ObjectiveWe developed Rams Have Heart, a mobile app, to support a cardiovascular disease (CVD) intervention course. The app tracks healthy behaviors, including fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity, throughout the day. This paper aimed to present its functionality and evaluated adherence among the African American college student population. MethodsWe developed the app using the Personal Health Informatics and Intervention Toolkit, a software framework. Rams Have Heart integrates self-reported health screening with health education, diary tracking, and user feedback modules to acquire data and assess progress. The parent study, conducted at a historically black college and university-designated institution in southeastern United States, consisted of a semester-long intervention administered as an academic course in the fall, for 3 consecutive years. Changes were made after the cohort 1 pilot study, so results only include cohorts 2 and 3, comprising a total of 115 students (n=55 intervention participants and n=54 control participants) aged from 17 to 24 years. Data collected over the study period were transferred using the secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure protocol and stored in a secure Structured Query Language server database accessible only to authorized persons. SAS software was used to analyze the overall app usage and the specific results collected. ResultsOf the 55 students in the intervention group, 27 (49%) students in cohort 2 and ...
Keywords	Information technology ; T58.5-58.64 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JMIR Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biofeedback-Assisted Resilience Training for Traumatic and Operational Stress: Preliminary Analysis of a Self-Delivered Digital Health Methodology.

Kizakevich, Paul N / Eckhoff, Randall P / Lewis, Gregory F / Davila, Maria I / Hourani, Laurel L / Watkins, Rebecca / Weimer, Belinda / Wills, Tracy / Morgan, Jessica K / Morgan, Tim / Meleth, Sreelatha / Lewis, Amanda / Krzyzanowski, Michelle C / Ramirez, Derek / Boyce, Matthew / Litavecz, Stephen D / Lane, Marian E / Strange, Laura B

JMIR mHealth and uHealth

2019 Volume 7, Issue 9, Page(s) e12590

Abstract: Background: Psychological resilience is critical to minimize the health effects of traumatic events. Trauma may induce a chronic state of hyperarousal, resulting in problems such as anxiety, insomnia, or posttraumatic stress disorder. Mind-body ... ...

Abstract	Background: Psychological resilience is critical to minimize the health effects of traumatic events. Trauma may induce a chronic state of hyperarousal, resulting in problems such as anxiety, insomnia, or posttraumatic stress disorder. Mind-body practices, such as relaxation breathing and mindfulness meditation, help to reduce arousal and may reduce the likelihood of such psychological distress. To better understand resilience-building practices, we are conducting the Biofeedback-Assisted Resilience Training (BART) study to evaluate whether the practice of slow, paced breathing with or without heart rate variability biofeedback can be effectively learned via a smartphone app to enhance psychological resilience. Objective: Our objective was to conduct a limited, interim review of user interactions and study data on use of the BART resilience training app and demonstrate analyses of real-time sensor-streaming data. Methods: We developed the BART app to provide paced breathing resilience training, with or without heart rate variability biofeedback, via a self-managed 6-week protocol. The app receives streaming data from a Bluetooth-linked heart rate sensor and displays heart rate variability biofeedback to indicate movement between calmer and stressful states. To evaluate the app, a population of military personnel, veterans, and civilian first responders used the app for 6 weeks of resilience training. We analyzed app usage and heart rate variability measures during rest, cognitive stress, and paced breathing. Currently released for the BART research study, the BART app is being used to collect self-reported survey and heart rate sensor data for comparative evaluation of paced breathing relaxation training with and without heart rate variability biofeedback. Results: To date, we have analyzed the results of 328 participants who began using the BART app for 6 weeks of stress relaxation training via a self-managed protocol. Of these, 207 (63.1%) followed the app-directed procedures and completed the training regimen. Our review of adherence to protocol and app-calculated heart rate variability measures indicated that the BART app acquired high-quality data for evaluating self-managed stress relaxation training programs. Conclusions: The BART app acquired high-quality data for studying changes in psychophysiological stress according to mind-body activity states, including conditions of rest, cognitive stress, and slow, paced breathing.
MeSH term(s)	Biofeedback, Psychology/methods ; Breathing Exercises/methods ; Breathing Exercises/psychology ; Breathing Exercises/standards ; Female ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods ; Relaxation Therapy/methods ; Relaxation Therapy/psychology ; Relaxation Therapy/standards ; Resilience, Psychological ; Self Care/instrumentation ; Self Care/methods ; Self Care/standards ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching/psychology ; Teaching/standards ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-06
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2719220-9
ISSN	2291-5222 ; 2291-5222
ISSN (online)	2291-5222
ISSN	2291-5222
DOI	10.2196/12590
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Article ; Online: Aversive Behavior in the Nematode C. elegans Is Modulated by cGMP and a Neuronal Gap Junction Network.

Krzyzanowski, Michelle C / Woldemariam, Sarah / Wood, Jordan F / Chaubey, Aditi H / Brueggemann, Chantal / Bowitch, Alexander / Bethke, Mary / L'Etoile, Noelle D / Ferkey, Denise M

PLoS genetics

2016 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) e1006153

Abstract: All animals rely on their ability to sense and respond to their environment to survive. However, the suitability of a behavioral response is context-dependent, and must reflect both an animal's life history and its present internal state. Based on the ... ...

Abstract	All animals rely on their ability to sense and respond to their environment to survive. However, the suitability of a behavioral response is context-dependent, and must reflect both an animal's life history and its present internal state. Based on the integration of these variables, an animal's needs can be prioritized to optimize survival strategies. Nociceptive sensory systems detect harmful stimuli and allow for the initiation of protective behavioral responses. The polymodal ASH sensory neurons are the primary nociceptors in C. elegans. We show here that the guanylyl cyclase ODR-1 functions non-cell-autonomously to downregulate ASH-mediated aversive behaviors and that ectopic cGMP generation in ASH is sufficient to dampen ASH sensitivity. We define a gap junction neural network that regulates nociception and propose that decentralized regulation of ASH signaling can allow for rapid correlation between an animal's internal state and its behavioral output, lending modulatory flexibility to this hard-wired nociceptive neural circuit.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics ; Cyclic GMP/genetics ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics ; Gap Junctions/genetics ; Gap Junctions/physiology ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Nociceptors/metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology
Chemical Substances	Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.12) ; EGL-4 protein, C elegans (EC 2.7.11.12) ; Guanylate Cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) ; ODR-1 protein, C elegans (EC 4.6.1.2) ; Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2186725-2
ISSN	1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
ISSN (online)	1553-7404
ISSN	1553-7390
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgen.1006153
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Article ; Online: Using a Robust and Sensitive GFP-Based cGMP Sensor for Real-Time Imaging in Intact

Genetics

2019 Volume 213, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–77

Abstract: cGMP plays a role in sensory signaling and plasticity by regulating ion channels, phosphodiesterases, and kinases. Studies that primarily used genetic and biochemical tools suggest that cGMP is spatiotemporally regulated in multiple sensory modalities. ... ...

Abstract	cGMP plays a role in sensory signaling and plasticity by regulating ion channels, phosphodiesterases, and kinases. Studies that primarily used genetic and biochemical tools suggest that cGMP is spatiotemporally regulated in multiple sensory modalities. FRET- and GFP-based cGMP sensors were developed to visualize cGMP in primary cell culture and
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer/methods ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Opsins/genetics ; Opsins/metabolism ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Optogenetics/methods ; Sensory Receptor Cells/cytology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Opsins ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Guanylate Cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) ; Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2167-2
ISSN	1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
ISSN (online)	1943-2631
ISSN	0016-6731
DOI	10.1534/genetics.119.302392
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Article ; Online: Biofeedback-Assisted Resilience Training for Traumatic and Operational Stress

JMIR mHealth and uHealth, Vol 7, Iss 9, p e

Preliminary Analysis of a Self-Delivered Digital Health Methodology

2019 Volume 12590

Abstract: BackgroundPsychological resilience is critical to minimize the health effects of traumatic events. Trauma may induce a chronic state of hyperarousal, resulting in problems such as anxiety, insomnia, or posttraumatic stress disorder. Mind-body practices, ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundPsychological resilience is critical to minimize the health effects of traumatic events. Trauma may induce a chronic state of hyperarousal, resulting in problems such as anxiety, insomnia, or posttraumatic stress disorder. Mind-body practices, such as relaxation breathing and mindfulness meditation, help to reduce arousal and may reduce the likelihood of such psychological distress. To better understand resilience-building practices, we are conducting the Biofeedback-Assisted Resilience Training (BART) study to evaluate whether the practice of slow, paced breathing with or without heart rate variability biofeedback can be effectively learned via a smartphone app to enhance psychological resilience. ObjectiveOur objective was to conduct a limited, interim review of user interactions and study data on use of the BART resilience training app and demonstrate analyses of real-time sensor-streaming data. MethodsWe developed the BART app to provide paced breathing resilience training, with or without heart rate variability biofeedback, via a self-managed 6-week protocol. The app receives streaming data from a Bluetooth-linked heart rate sensor and displays heart rate variability biofeedback to indicate movement between calmer and stressful states. To evaluate the app, a population of military personnel, veterans, and civilian first responders used the app for 6 weeks of resilience training. We analyzed app usage and heart rate variability measures during rest, cognitive stress, and paced breathing. Currently released for the BART research study, the BART app is being used to collect self-reported survey and heart rate sensor data for comparative evaluation of paced breathing relaxation training with and without heart rate variability biofeedback. ResultsTo date, we have analyzed the results of 328 participants who began using the BART app for 6 weeks of stress relaxation training via a self-managed protocol. Of these, 207 (63.1%) followed the app-directed procedures and completed the training regimen. Our review of adherence to protocol and app-calculated heart rate variability measures indicated that the BART app acquired high-quality data for evaluating self-managed stress relaxation training programs. ConclusionsThe BART app acquired high-quality data for studying changes in psychophysiological stress according to mind-body activity states, including conditions of rest, cognitive stress, and slow, paced breathing.
Keywords	Information technology ; T58.5-58.64 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JMIR Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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