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Article ; Online: A novel framework for the evaluation of coastal protection schemes through integration of numerical modelling and artificial intelligence into the Sand Engine App.

Kumar, Pavitra / Leonardi, Nicoletta

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 8610

Abstract: There is growing interest in the adoption of Engineering with Nature or Nature Based Solutions for coastal protection including large mega-nourishment interventions. However, there are still many unknowns on the variables and design features influencing ... ...

Abstract	There is growing interest in the adoption of Engineering with Nature or Nature Based Solutions for coastal protection including large mega-nourishment interventions. However, there are still many unknowns on the variables and design features influencing their functionalities. There are also challenges in the optimization of coastal modelling outputs or information usage in support of decision-making. In this study, more than five hundred numerical simulations with different sandengine designs and different locations along Morecambe Bay (UK) were conducted in Delft3D. Twelve Artificial Neural Networking ensemble models structures were trained on the simulated data to predict the influence of different sand engines on water depth, wave height and sediment transports with good performance. The ensemble models were then packed into a Sand Engine App developed in MATLAB and designed to calculate the impact of different sand engine features on the above variables based on users' inputs of sandengine designs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-35801-5
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Article ; Online: Delineating the heterogeneity of senescence-induced-functional alterations in hepatocytes.

Kumar, Pavitra / Hassan, Mohsin / Tacke, Frank / Engelmann, Cornelius

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

2024 Volume 81, Issue 1, Page(s) 200

Abstract: Background and aim: Cellular senescence of hepatocytes involves permanent cell cycle arrest, disrupted cellular bioenergetics, resistance to cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This 'zombie-like' state perpetuates harmful effects ... ...

Abstract	Background and aim: Cellular senescence of hepatocytes involves permanent cell cycle arrest, disrupted cellular bioenergetics, resistance to cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This 'zombie-like' state perpetuates harmful effects on tissues and holds potential implications for liver disease progression. Remarkably, senescence exhibits heterogeneity, stemming from two crucial factors: the inducing stressor and the cell type. As such, our present study endeavors to characterize stressor-specific changes in senescence phenotype, its related molecular patterns, and cellular bioenergetics in primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) and hepatocyte-derived liver organoids (HepOrgs). Methods: PMH, isolated by collagenase-perfused mouse liver (C57B6/J; 18-23 weeks), were cultured overnight in William's E-medium supplemented with 2% FBS, L-glutamine, and hepatocyte growth supplements. HepOrgs were developed by culturing cells in a 3D matrix for two weeks. The senescence was induced by DNA damage (doxorubicin, cisplatin, and etoposide), oxidative stress (H Results: Each senescence inducer triggers a unique combination of senescence markers in hepatocytes. All senescence inducers, except hydroxyurea and ethanol, increased SA-β galactosidase activity, the most commonly used marker for cellular senescence. Among the SASP factors, CCL2 and IL-10 were consistently upregulated, while Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 exhibited global downregulation across all modes of senescence. Notably, DNA damage response was activated by DNA damage inducers. Cell cycle markers were most significantly reduced by doxorubicin, cisplatin, and galactosamine. Additionally, DNA damage-induced senescence shifted cellular bioenergetics capacity from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In HepOrgs exposed to senescence inducers, there was a notable increase in γH2A.X, p53, and p21 levels. Interestingly, while showing a similar trend, SASP gene expression in HepOrgs was significantly higher compared to PMH, demonstrating a several-fold increase. Conclusion: In our study, we demonstrated that each senescence inducer activates a unique combination of senescence markers in PMH. Doxorubicin demonstrated the highest efficacy in inducing senescence, followed by cisplatin and H
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cellular Senescence/drug effects ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/drug effects ; Hepatocytes/cytology ; Mice ; DNA Damage ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cells, Cultured ; Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/drug effects ; Male
Chemical Substances	Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; Doxorubicin (80168379AG)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1358415-7
ISSN	1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
ISSN (online)	1420-9071
ISSN	1420-682X
DOI	10.1007/s00018-024-05230-2
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Article ; Online: Comprehensive insights into the multifaceted roles of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel in the digestive system.

Wang, Juan / Kumar, Pavitra / Engelmann, Cornelius

Life sciences

2023 Volume 334, Page(s) 122207

Abstract: The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, a family of calcium transporters comprising six distinct members (TRPV1-6), takes on a paramount role in maintaining intracellular ... ...

Abstract	The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, a family of calcium transporters comprising six distinct members (TRPV1-6), takes on a paramount role in maintaining intracellular Ca
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Transient Receptor Potential Channels ; TRPV Cation Channels ; Pain/drug therapy ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Digestive System ; Capsaicin ; Mammals
Chemical Substances	Transient Receptor Potential Channels ; TRPV Cation Channels ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Capsaicin (S07O44R1ZM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122207
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Unsaturated fatty acids aggravate mitochondrial dysfunction in senescent primary hepatocytes

Rausch, Lilli / Kumar, Pavitra / Hassan, Mohsin / Tacke, Frank / Engelmann, Cornelius

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie

2024 Volume 62, Issue 01

Event/congress	40. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber, Haus der Technik e.V., Essen, 2024-01-26
Language	German
Publishing date	2024-01-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	201387-3
ISSN	1439-7803 ; 0044-2771 ; 0172-8504
ISSN (online)	1439-7803
ISSN	0044-2771 ; 0172-8504
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1777584
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Zs.A 111/X: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Glass transitions in frozen systems as influenced by molecular weight of food components.

Zhao, Jin-Hong / Kumar, Pavitra Krishna / Sablani, Shyam S

Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety

2022 Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 4683–4715

Abstract: Freezing is a frequently used way to expand the storage life of foods with high water content. Under suitable cooling rates, frozen systems attain a condition of maximum freeze concentration, which is characterized by the glass transition temperature ( ... ...

Abstract	Freezing is a frequently used way to expand the storage life of foods with high water content. Under suitable cooling rates, frozen systems attain a condition of maximum freeze concentration, which is characterized by the glass transition temperature (T
MeSH term(s)	Freezing ; Vitrification ; Molecular Weight ; Transition Temperature ; Starch ; Sugars
Chemical Substances	Starch (9005-25-8) ; Sugars
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2185829-9
ISSN	1541-4337 ; 1541-4337
ISSN (online)	1541-4337
ISSN	1541-4337
DOI	10.1111/1541-4337.13034
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Article ; Online: Development of high-fiber and sugar-free frozen pancakes: Influence of state and phase transitions on the instrumental textural quality of pancakes during storage

Kumar, Pavitra K. / Parhi, Ashutos / Sablani, Shyam S.

Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. 2021 July, v. 146 p.111454-

2021

Abstract: In this study, we investigate the influence of flour replacement and sugar removal on the thermal and mechanical properties of frozen pancakes, along with the measurement of accompanying ice recrystallization. Results demonstrate that the moisture ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we investigate the influence of flour replacement and sugar removal on the thermal and mechanical properties of frozen pancakes, along with the measurement of accompanying ice recrystallization. Results demonstrate that the moisture content and chemical composition of the pancakes influence their thermal properties. Sugars enabled the detection of glass transition temperature of pancake components: −11.8 ± 0.3 °C. Pancakes containing refined wheat flour with sugars were most susceptible to increased chewiness (20.8 ± 0.52 N to 54.8 ± 4.55 N) during storage, while those containing whole wheat flour without sugars were most susceptible to changes in springiness upon thawing (0.62 ± 0.03 to 0.74 ± 0.03). Sugar-free pancakes were susceptible to increased ice crystal size due to temperature fluctuations (increase in equivalent diameter between 30% and 57%). Findings imply significant ice recrystallization in frozen pancakes of sugar free-recipe, while the use of whole wheat flour leads to changes in springiness. Pancakes containing whole wheat flour without sugars were the most robust, and need improvement to be closest to the control pancakes in terms of select properties. As a result, food product developer may consider changes in textural properties during storage that may affect consumer acceptability when formulating sugar-free, whole grain flour based-frozen foods.
Keywords	chewiness ; consumer acceptance ; crystallization ; glass transition temperature ; ice ; sugars ; water content ; whole wheat flour ; Thermal transition ; Pancake ; Freezing ; Chewiness ; Springiness
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Resource is Open Access ; CHORUS License Information
ZDB-ID	241369-3
ISSN	0460-1173 ; 0023-6438
ISSN	0460-1173 ; 0023-6438
DOI	10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111454
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Hybrid mixture theory-based modeling of transport of fluids, species, and heat in food biopolymers subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.

Zhao, Ying / Kumar, Pavitra Krishna / Sablani, Shyam S / Takhar, Pawan S

Journal of food science

2022 Volume 87, Issue 9, Page(s) 4082–4106

Abstract: A hybrid mixture theory (HMT)-based unsaturated transport (pores not saturated with liquid) model was applied to a food matrix subjected to freezing and freeze-thaw cycles. The model can explain the fluid, species, and heat transport, ice formation, ... ...

Abstract	A hybrid mixture theory (HMT)-based unsaturated transport (pores not saturated with liquid) model was applied to a food matrix subjected to freezing and freeze-thaw cycles. The model can explain the fluid, species, and heat transport, ice formation, thermomechanical changes, and the freezing point depression occurring inside food biopolymers during freezing. Volume changes during freezing were calculated using the stresses due to pore pressure and the phase-change based mechanical strain. The Eulerian-Lagrangian transformation was performed for solving the equations using a finite element mesh in Lagrangian coordinates. The predicted temperature profiles for constant and fluctuating freezing temperature conditions showed agreement with experimental data with reasonable accuracy (RMSE = 2.86°C and 2.23°C, respectively). The multiscale transport model coupled with a physical chemistry-based relation was able to predict solute concentration and the freezing point depression in potatoes with greater accuracy than an empirical equation published in the literature. Sudden temperature fluctuations representing the opening and closing of a freezer door were investigated using this solution scheme, and conditions causing less damage to the food were identified. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Food materials are subjected to freeze-thaw cycles during storage, shipping, and distribution to the consumers. The study uses numerical modeling and experimental validation to elucidate the principles affecting ice formation, solute migration, and temperature changes. Outcomes will allow processors to improve the quality of frozen foods with improved design of freezing operation, and storage and distribution strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Biopolymers ; Freezing ; Frozen Foods ; Hot Temperature ; Ice
Chemical Substances	Biopolymers ; Ice
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241615-3
ISSN	1750-3841 ; 0022-1147
ISSN (online)	1750-3841
ISSN	0022-1147
DOI	10.1111/1750-3841.16279
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology and zoonotic potential of Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolated at Tamil Nadu, India.

Rao, Relangi Tulasi / Madhavan, Vinoth / Kumar, Pavitra / Muniraj, Gnanaraj / Sivakumar, Natesan / Kannan, Jayakumar

BMC microbiology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 326

Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is part of normal flora and also an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections in both humans and animals. Livestock-associated S. aureus (LA-SA) has gained importance in recent years due to its ... ...

Abstract	Background: Staphylococcus aureus is part of normal flora and also an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections in both humans and animals. Livestock-associated S. aureus (LA-SA) has gained importance in recent years due to its increased prevalence in recent years, becoming a worry in public health view. This study aimed to study the epidemiology of LA-SA strains in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: A total of 255 samples were collected from bovine and other small ruminants like goats and sheep nares (n = 129 and n = 126 respectively). Nasal swab samples were collected from study animals with sterile sample collecting cotton swabs (Hi-Media, Mumbai). Samples were transported to the lab in Cary-Blair Transport media for further analysis. The samples were tested for S. aureus using antibiotic selection and PCR-based assays. The pathogenicity of the bacteria was assessed using chicken embryo models and liver cross-sections were used for histopathology studies. Results: The prevalence rate in bovine-associated samples was 42.63% but relatively low in the case of small ruminants associated samples with 28.57% only. The overall prevalence of S. aureus is found to 35.6% and MRSA 10.98% among the study samples. The antibiogram results that LA-SA isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines but resistant to β-lactam drugs. The biofilm formation results showed that the LA-SA isolates are weak to high-capacity biofilm formers. The enterotoxigenic patterns revealed that most of the isolated strains are enterotoxigenic and possess classical enterotoxins. The survival analysis of chicken embryos suggested that the Bovine-associated strains were moderately pathogenic. Conclusion: The study concluded that economically important livestock animals can act as reservoirs for multi-drug resistant and pathogenic which in-turn is a concern for public health as well as livestock health.
MeSH term(s)	Chick Embryo ; Humans ; Animals ; Cattle ; Sheep ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Livestock/microbiology ; India/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Ruminants
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041505-9
ISSN	1471-2180 ; 1471-2180
ISSN (online)	1471-2180
ISSN	1471-2180
DOI	10.1186/s12866-023-03024-3
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Article ; Online: Transcriptomics-driven metabolic pathway analysis reveals similar alterations in lipid metabolism in mouse MASH model and human.

Tsouka, Sofia / Kumar, Pavitra / Seubnooch, Patcharamon / Freiburghaus, Katrin / St-Pierre, Marie / Dufour, Jean-François / Masoodi, Mojgan

Communications medicine

2024 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 39

Abstract: Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, and can rapidly progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Accurate preclinical models and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, and can rapidly progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Accurate preclinical models and methodologies are needed to understand underlying metabolic mechanisms and develop treatment strategies. Through meta-analysis of currently proposed mouse models, we hypothesized that a diet- and chemical-induced MASH model closely resembles the observed lipid metabolism alterations in humans. Methods: We developed transcriptomics-driven metabolic pathway analysis (TDMPA), a method to aid in the evaluation of metabolic resemblance. TDMPA uses genome-scale metabolic models to calculate enzymatic reaction perturbations from gene expression data. We performed TDMPA to score and compare metabolic pathway alterations in MASH mouse models to human MASH signatures. We used an already-established WD+CCl4-induced MASH model and performed functional assays and lipidomics to confirm TDMPA findings. Results: Both human MASH and mouse models exhibit numerous altered metabolic pathways, including triglyceride biosynthesis, fatty acid beta-oxidation, bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. We confirm a significant reduction in mitochondrial functions and bioenergetics, as well as in acylcarnitines for the mouse model. We identify a wide range of lipid species within the most perturbed pathways predicted by TDMPA. Triglycerides, phospholipids, and bile acids are increased significantly in mouse MASH liver, confirming our initial observations. Conclusions: We introduce TDMPA, a methodology for evaluating metabolic pathway alterations in metabolic disorders. By comparing metabolic signatures that typify human MASH, we show a good metabolic resemblance of the WD+CCl4 mouse model. Our presented approach provides a valuable tool for defining metabolic space to aid experimental design for assessing metabolism.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2730-664X
ISSN (online)	2730-664X
DOI	10.1038/s43856-024-00465-3
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Article: Hedge fund characteristics and performance persistence

Kumar, Pavitra

The quarterly journal of finance Vol. 5, No. 2 , p. 1-43

evidence from 1996 - 2006

2015 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 1–43

Author's details	Pavitra Kumar
Keywords	Hedge funds ; persistence ; risk-adjusted returns ; investment strategy ; incentive fees
Language	English
Publisher	World Scientific Publ.
Publishing place	Singapore
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2620599-3
ISSN	2010-1392
Database	ECONomics Information System

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