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  1. Article ; Online: Detecting the Early Flowering Stage of Tea Chrysanthemum Using the F-YOLO Model

    Chao Qi / Innocent Nyalala / Kunjie Chen

    Agronomy, Vol 11, Iss 834, p

    2021  Volume 834

    Abstract: Detecting the flowering stage of tea chrysanthemum is a key mechanism of the selective chrysanthemum harvesting robot. However, under complex, unstructured scenarios, such as illumination variation, occlusion, and overlapping, detecting tea chrysanthemum ...

    Abstract Detecting the flowering stage of tea chrysanthemum is a key mechanism of the selective chrysanthemum harvesting robot. However, under complex, unstructured scenarios, such as illumination variation, occlusion, and overlapping, detecting tea chrysanthemum at a specific flowering stage is a real challenge. This paper proposes a highly fused, lightweight detection model named the Fusion-YOLO (F-YOLO) model. First, cutout and mosaic input components are equipped, with which the fusion module can better understand the features of the chrysanthemum through slicing. In the backbone component, the Cross-Stage Partial DenseNet (CSPDenseNet) network is used as the main network, and feature fusion modules are added to maximize the gradient flow difference. Next, in the neck component, the Cross-Stage Partial ResNeXt (CSPResNeXt) network is taken as the main network to truncate the redundant gradient flow. Finally, in the head component, the multi-scale fusion network is adopted to aggregate the parameters of two different detection layers from different backbone layers. The results show that the F-YOLO model is superior to state-of-the-art technologies in terms of object detection, that this method can be deployed on a single mobile GPU, and that it will be one of key technologies to build a selective chrysanthemum harvesting robot system in the future.
    Keywords tea chrysanthemum ; flowing stage detection ; deep convolutional neural network ; F-YOLO ; Agriculture ; S
    Subject code 629
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Effects of Ammonification–Steam Explosion Pretreatment on the Production of True Protein from Rice Straw during Solid-State Fermentation

    Bin Li / Chao Zhao / Qian Sun / Kunjie Chen / Xiangjun Zhao / Lijun Xu / Zidong Yang / Hehuan Peng

    Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 5964, p

    2023  Volume 5964

    Abstract: It is difficult to obtain high-protein contents from rice straw using direct fermentation due to its low nitrogen content. This study investigates the effects of ammonification–steam explosion pretreatment of rice straw on the protein content after solid- ...

    Abstract It is difficult to obtain high-protein contents from rice straw using direct fermentation due to its low nitrogen content. This study investigates the effects of ammonification–steam explosion pretreatment of rice straw on the protein content after solid-state fermentation (SSF). The pretreatment is carried out under multi-strain inoculation conditions. The samples of rice straw after ammonification (T A ), steam explosion (T SE ), and ammonification and steam explosion (T A-SE ) were compared to the control group (T C ). The results indicate that both ammonification and steam explosion could disintegrate rice straw’s lignocellulosic structure, releasing nutrients that can be used for microbial reproduction. In addition, amino compounds are formed along with depolymerization products, thus effectively promoting the true protein content. Post-fermentation, total crude protein contents of T A , T SE , and T A-SE samples were 2.56, 1.83, and 4.37 times higher than that of Tc samples, respectively, and true protein contents were 2.52, 1.83, and 5.03 times higher. This study shows that the true protein content by combined ammonification and steam explosion pretreatment of rice straw during 96 h of solid-state fermentation was 46.7% of its total matter, rendering it a suitable alternative to high-protein animal feed.
    Keywords steam explosion ; lignocellulose ; solid substrate fermentation ; true protein ; rice straw ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 620
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Different Paddy Cultivars Grown in Humid Subtropical Region of Eastern China

    Shakeel Ahmed Soomro / Kunjie Chen / Shakeel Hussain Chattha / Bakhtawar Wagan / Farman Ali Chandio / Fangfang Ji / Aamir Lund / Sohail Ahmed Soomro / Salauhddin Soomro

    RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Science, Vol 14, Iss

    2023  Volume 1

    Abstract: Background: Paddy during various stages i.e. loading, transportation, storage, handling etc. occurs severe losses, which can be reduced by designing appropriate post-harvest machineries using physico-mechanical properties. Objectives: The study aimed to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Paddy during various stages i.e. loading, transportation, storage, handling etc. occurs severe losses, which can be reduced by designing appropriate post-harvest machineries using physico-mechanical properties. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the variation in physico-mechanical properties of thirteen different paddy cultivars. Methodology: The study was carried out at the College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, China. Thirteen different freshly harvested paddy cultivars were collected from Nanjing. Collected paddy cultivars before experiment were cleaned removing extraneous materials. Paddy cultivars were sealed polythene bags, and were then kept in refrigerator at a temperature of 5 ºC for 7 days for uniform distribution of moisture. The required amount of samples from each cultivar was accordingly taken for evaluating their physical and mechanical properties. Results: The results when assessed were statistically different (p?0.05) from each other. The average values of different paddy cultivars for length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, square mean diameter, equivalent diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, thousand kernel weight, bulk density, true density, porosity, hardness and toughness (for both horizontal and vertical orientations) were calculated to be 7.94mm, 3.32mm, 2.26mm, 3.84mm, 4.51mm, 2.56mm, 3.64mm, 46.53mm2, 29.74mm3, 0.49%, 0.42, 28.64 gm, 568.31 kg m-3, 1225.20 kg m-3, 54%, 46.09 N, 14.75 N, 16.06 mJ and 6.90 mJ respectively. Conclusion: A wide variation was observed for each parameter while comparing different paddy cultivars. This wide variation in result will negatively affect the performance of the equipment and machinery being used for post-harvest practices. The study concludes that it is essential for industries involved in equipment design and machinery production, as well as end-users responsible for their implementation, to take into account these substantial differences among cultivars when ...
    Keywords Physico-mechanical properties ; paddy cultivars ; quality ; processing ; storage ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 670
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Jinnah University for Women
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Weight and volume estimation of poultry and products based on computer vision systems: a review.

    Nyalala, Innocent / Okinda, Cedric / Kunjie, Chen / Korohou, Tchalla / Nyalala, Luke / Chao, Qi

    Poultry science

    2021  Volume 100, Issue 5, Page(s) 101072

    Abstract: The appearance, size, and weight of poultry meat and eggs are essential for production economics and vital in the poultry sector. These external characteristics influence their market price and consumers' preference and choice. With technological ... ...

    Abstract The appearance, size, and weight of poultry meat and eggs are essential for production economics and vital in the poultry sector. These external characteristics influence their market price and consumers' preference and choice. With technological developments, there is an increase in the application and importance of vision systems in the agricultural sector. Computer vision has become a promising tool in the real-time automation of poultry weighing and processing systems. Owing to its noninvasive and nonintrusive nature and its capacity to present a wide range of information, computer vision systems can be applied in the size, mass, volume determination, and sorting and grading of poultry products. This review article gives a detailed summary of the current advances in measuring poultry products' external characteristics based on computer vision systems. An overview of computer vision systems is discussed and summarized. A comprehensive presentation of the application of computer vision-based systems for assessing poultry meat and eggs was provided, that is, weight and volume estimation, sorting, and classification. Finally, the challenges and potential future trends in size, weight, and volume estimation of poultry products are reported.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Artificial Intelligence ; Chickens ; Meat ; Ovum ; Poultry ; Poultry Products
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 242586-5
    ISSN 1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
    ISSN (online) 1525-3171
    ISSN 0032-5791
    DOI 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101072
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Quality assessment of tomato fruit by optical absorption and scattering properties

    Huang, Yuping / Renfu Lu / Dong Hu / Kunjie Chen

    Postharvest biology and technology. 2018 Sept., v. 143

    2018  

    Abstract: This paper reports on the measurement of optical properties of tomato fruit over the wavelength range of 550–300 nm by means of a spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance technique, for assessing the firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and pH. Spatially ...

    Abstract This paper reports on the measurement of optical properties of tomato fruit over the wavelength range of 550–300 nm by means of a spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance technique, for assessing the firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and pH. Spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectra of 600 ‘Sun Bright’ tomato samples harvested at six maturity stages were acquired using a newly developed spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) system, from which the reduced scattering (μ′s) and absorption (μa) coefficients were estimated using an inverse algorithm for the diffusion theory model. Tomato firmness was measured using two reference methods, i.e., compression and puncture, while SSC and pH were measured using the standard refractometry and pH meter. Partial least squares (PLS) models were developed, based on μ′s, μa and their combinations, for predicting the three quality parameters. While both μ′s and μa were correlated with tomato firmness, SSC and pH, better prediction results were obtained for the multiplication of μ′s and μa (i.e., μa×μ′s) except for puncture maximum force. PLS models gave good predictions of compression maximum force and puncture maximum force, slope and flesh firmness, with the correlation coefficients of 0.894, 0.915, 0.923, 0.835, respectively, while they had poor predictions of tomato SSC and pH with the correlation coefficients of 0.623 and 0.769, respectively. This research demonstrated that the SRS technique, along with the absorption and scattering coefficients, has potential for nondestructive measurement of quality attributes, especially firmness, of tomato fruit.
    Keywords absorption ; algorithms ; firmness ; fruits ; least squares ; maturity stage ; models ; pH ; prediction ; reflectance ; reflectance spectroscopy ; tomatoes ; total soluble solids ; wavelengths
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-09
    Size p. 78-85.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1082798-5
    ISSN 1873-2356 ; 0925-5214
    ISSN (online) 1873-2356
    ISSN 0925-5214
    DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.04.016
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Quality Assessment of Tomato Fruit by Optical Absorption and Scattering Properties

    Huang, Yuping / Renfu Lu / Dong Hu / Kunjie Chen

    Postharvest biology and technology. 2018 Feb. 13,

    2018  

    Abstract: This paper reports on the measurement of the optical properties of tomato fruit over the wavelength range of 550–1,300 nm, by means of a spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance technique, for assessing the firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and pH. ... ...

    Abstract This paper reports on the measurement of the optical properties of tomato fruit over the wavelength range of 550–1,300 nm, by means of a spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance technique, for assessing the firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and pH. Spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectra of 600 ‘Sun Bright’ tomato samples harvested at six maturity stages were acquired using a newly developed multichannel optical probe, from which the reduced scattering (μ′s) and absorption (μa) coefficients were estimated using an inverse algorithm for the diffusion theory model. Tomato firmness was measured using four reference methods, i.e., acoustic, impact, compression and puncture, while SSC and pH were measured using the standard refractometry and pH meter. Partial least squares (PLS) models were developed for predicting the three quality parameters. While both μ′s and μa were correlated with tomato firmness, SSC and pH, better prediction results were obtained for the multiplication of μ′sandμa (i.e., μa×μ′s) except for puncture maximum force. PLS models gave predictions of compression area and puncture peak, slope and flesh firmness, with the correlation coefficients of 0.894, 0.915, 0.923, 0.835, respectively, and the models predicted tomato SSC and pH with the correlation coefficients of 0.623 and 0.769, respectively. This research demonstrated that spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has advantages for nondestructive measurement of quality attributes of tomato fruit, and the technique can also be used for other horticultural and food products.
    Keywords absorption ; acoustics ; algorithms ; firmness ; foods ; fruits ; horticulture ; least squares ; maturity stage ; models ; pH ; prediction ; reflectance ; reflectance spectroscopy ; tomatoes ; total soluble solids ; wavelengths
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0213
    Size p. .
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 1082798-5
    ISSN 1873-2356 ; 0925-5214
    ISSN (online) 1873-2356
    ISSN 0925-5214
    DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.02.005
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Prediction of tomato firmness using spatially-resolved spectroscopy

    Huang, Yuping / Kunjie Chen / Renfu Lu / Yifei Xu

    Postharvest biology and technology. 2018 June, v. 140

    2018  

    Abstract: This paper reports on evaluating the firmness of tomato fruit using a newly developed spatially-resolved spectroscopy (SRS) system with an illumination optic fiber and 30 detection optic fibers arranged at the source-detector distances of 1.5–36 mm. ... ...

    Abstract This paper reports on evaluating the firmness of tomato fruit using a newly developed spatially-resolved spectroscopy (SRS) system with an illumination optic fiber and 30 detection optic fibers arranged at the source-detector distances of 1.5–36 mm. Spatially-resolved (SR) spectra of 550–1650 nm were acquired for 600 ‘Sun Bright’ tomatoes at six maturity stages. The firmness of tomatoes was measured using acoustic/impact, compression and puncture tests. Partial least squares (PLS) models for individual SR spectra and their combinations were developed to determine optimal prediction models for the firmness parameters. The results indicated that firmness predictions varied with the light source-detector distance or SR spectra, and the optimal single spectrum was different for prediction of different firmness parameters. Those spectra acquired for the light source-detector distances of 6–24 mm resulted in better prediction results. Combinations of SR spectra gave consistently better predictions for the multiple firmness parameters than the optimal single SR spectra, with the correlation coefficients (rp) of 0.760 and 0.911 for acoustic and impact measurement, rp = 0.935 for compression, and rp = 0.917, 0.948 and 0.859 for puncture maximum force, slope and flesh firmness. Overall, the SRS technique gave excellent predictions of firmness parameters for impact, compression and puncture tests that measured the local properties of tomato tissues, and combinations of SR spectra improved prediction results.
    Keywords acoustics ; correlation ; firmness ; least squares ; lighting ; maturity stage ; models ; optical fibers ; prediction ; spectroscopy ; tissues ; tomatoes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-06
    Size p. 18-26.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1082798-5
    ISSN 1873-2356 ; 0925-5214
    ISSN (online) 1873-2356
    ISSN 0925-5214
    DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.02.008
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Development of a multichannel hyperspectral imaging probe for property and quality assessment of horticultural products

    Huang, Yuping / Kunjie Chen / Renfu Lu

    Postharvest biology and technology. 2017 Nov., v. 133

    2017  

    Abstract: This paper reports on the development and calibration of a new multipurpose, multichannel hyperspectral imaging probe for property and quality assessment of horticultural and food products. The new multichannel probe consists of a 910μm diameter fiber as ...

    Abstract This paper reports on the development and calibration of a new multipurpose, multichannel hyperspectral imaging probe for property and quality assessment of horticultural and food products. The new multichannel probe consists of a 910μm diameter fiber as a point light source and 30 light receiving fibers of three sizes (i.e., 50μm, 105μm and 200μm) arranged in a symmetrical pattern, for simultaneous acquisition of 30 spatially-resolved reflectance spectra of horticultural and food samples with either flat or curved surface over the spectral region of 550–1650nm. Three types of calibration for the multichannel probe were carried out, i.e., linearity calibrations for each fiber of the hyperspectral imaging system to ensure consistent linear responses of individual fibers, spectral response calibrations of individual fibers for each fiber size group and between the three groups of different size fibers, and optical property calibrations using four reference liquid samples. The calibration results showed that all 30 fibers had high linearity with exposure time with the coefficient of determination being greater than 0.990 for wavelengths greater than 700nm; however, linear responses, as measured by the slope and intercept, for the individual fibers differed greatly and also varied with wavelength. After the calibrations, the probe was able to measure the scattering coefficient of the reference liquid samples with the relative errors between 3%–21%, whereas higher measurement errors were obtained for the absorption coefficient due to low absolute absorption values for the samples. Furthermore, the probe was demonstrated for measuring the absorption and scattering coefficients of tomato fruit at four maturity stages for the wavelengths of 550–1350nm.
    Keywords absorption ; exposure duration ; foods ; horticulture ; hyperspectral imagery ; maturity stage ; reflectance spectroscopy ; tomatoes ; wavelengths
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-11
    Size p. 88-97.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1082798-5
    ISSN 1873-2356 ; 0925-5214
    ISSN (online) 1873-2356
    ISSN 0925-5214
    DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2017.07.009
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Design and Thermal Analysis of an Air Source Heat Pump Dryer for Food Drying

    Haolu Liu / Khurram Yousaf / Kunjie Chen / Rui Fan / Jiaxin Liu / Shakeel Ahmed Soomro

    Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 9, p

    2018  Volume 3216

    Abstract: In this study, an experimental heat pump dryer was designed. The specific moisture extraction rate and moisture extraction rate were used as performance indicators to explore the influence of environmental factors and the style of the hot air cycle on ... ...

    Abstract In this study, an experimental heat pump dryer was designed. The specific moisture extraction rate and moisture extraction rate were used as performance indicators to explore the influence of environmental factors and the style of the hot air cycle on heat pump drying. The average temperature and humidity in Nanjing’s summer, winter, and throughout the whole year were taken as the experimental ambient temperature and humidity. Garlic slices 3 mm thick, with an initial moisture content of 66.714% w.b., were dried until the end moisture content was 10% w.b. Experimental results and thermal analysis showed that the open and semi-open heat pump dryers were greatly affected by ambient temperature and humidity. The closed heat pump drying system was greatly affected by the bypass air rate.
    Keywords heat pump dryer ; ambient temperature and humidity ; specific moisture extraction rate ; moisture extraction rate ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 690
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Beef Marbling Image Segmentation Based on Homomorphic Filtering

    Bin Pang / Xiao Sun / Deying Liu / Kunjie Chen

    Journal of Multimedia, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 189-

    2014  Volume 195

    Abstract: In order to reduce the influence of uneven illumination and reflect light for beef accurate segmentation, a beef marbling segmentation method based on homomorphic filtering was introduced. Aiming at the beef rib-eye region images in the frequency domain, ...

    Abstract In order to reduce the influence of uneven illumination and reflect light for beef accurate segmentation, a beef marbling segmentation method based on homomorphic filtering was introduced. Aiming at the beef rib-eye region images in the frequency domain, homomorphic filter was used for enhancing gray, R, G and B 4 chroma images. Then the impact of high frequency /low frequency gain factors on the accuracy of beef marbling segmentation was investigated. Appropriate values of gain factors were determined by the error rate of beef marbling segmentation, and the results of error rate were analyzed comparing to the results without homomorphic filtering. The experimental results show that the error rates of beef marbling segmentation was remarkably reduced with low frequency gain factor of 0.6 and high frequency gain factor of 1.425; Compared with other chroma images, the average error rate (5.38%) of marbling segmentation in G chroma image was lowest; Compared to the result without homomorphic filtering, the average error rate in G chroma image has decreased by 3.73%.
    Keywords Beef ; Marbling ; Homomorphic Filter ; Image Segmentation ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 518
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher ACADEMY PUBLISHER
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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