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Article: Shedding Kinetics of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) in Juvenile Spring- and Fall-Run Chinook Salmon of the Columbia River Basin.

Hernandez, Daniel G / Kurath, Gael

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 15

Abstract: This investigation sought to characterize the shedding of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in two populations of Columbia River Basin (CRB) Chinook salmon ( ...

Abstract	This investigation sought to characterize the shedding of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in two populations of Columbia River Basin (CRB) Chinook salmon (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12151887
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Shedding Kinetics of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) in Juvenile Spring- and Fall-Run Chinook Salmon of the Columbia River Basin

Hernandez, Daniel G. / Kurath, Gael

Animals. 2022 July 24, v. 12, no. 15

2022

Abstract: This investigation sought to characterize the shedding of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in two populations of Columbia River Basin (CRB) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juvenile spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon were exposed ...

Abstract	This investigation sought to characterize the shedding of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in two populations of Columbia River Basin (CRB) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juvenile spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon were exposed by immersion to each of three IHN virus strains from the UC, MD, and L subgroups, and then monitored for viral shedding from individual fish for 30 days. Detectable quantities of UC, MD and L IHN virus were shed by a subset of fish from each host population (1–9 out of 10 fish total in each treatment group). Viral shedding kinetics were consistent, with a rapid onset of shedding, peak shedding by 2–3 days, and then a rapid decline to below detectable levels by 7 days’ post-exposure to IHNV. Intraspecies variation was observed as spring Chinook salmon shed more UC virus than fall fish: spring Chinook salmon shed UC virus in greater numbers of fish, with 22-fold higher mean peak shedding magnitude, 33-fold higher mean total virus shed per fish, and 900-fold higher total virus shed per treatment group. The L and MD viruses had comparable shedding at intermediate levels in each host population. All viral shedding occurred well before host mortality began, and shedding magnitude did not correlate with virulence differences. Overall, the greater shedding of UC virus from spring Chinook salmon, combined with low virulence, indicates a uniquely high transmission potential that may explain the predominance of UC viruses in CRB Chinook salmon. This also suggests that spring-run fish may contribute more to the ecology of IHNV in the CRB than fall-run Chinook salmon.
Keywords	Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; fish ; juveniles ; mortality ; virulence ; viruses ; watersheds ; Columbia River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0724
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12151887
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Local and systemic replicative fitness for viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions with salmonid hosts.

Páez, David J / Kurath, Gael / Powers, Rachel L / Naish, Kerry A / Purcell, Maureen K

The Journal of general virology

2024 Volume 105, Issue 1

Abstract: Host tissues represent diverse resources or barriers for pathogen replicative fitness. We tested whether viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions replicate differently in local entry tissue (fin), and systemic target tissue ( ... ...

Abstract	Host tissues represent diverse resources or barriers for pathogen replicative fitness. We tested whether viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions replicate differently in local entry tissue (fin), and systemic target tissue (kidney) using infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and three salmonid fish hosts. Virus tissue replication was host specific, but one feature was shared by specialists and the generalist which was uncommon in the non-specialist interactions: high host entry and replication capacity in the local tissue after contact. Moreover, specialists showed increased replication in systemic target tissues early after host contact. By comparing ancestral and derived IHNV viruses, we also characterized replication tradeoffs associated with specialist and generalist evolution. Compared with the ancestral virus, a derived specialist gained early local replicative fitness in the new host but lost replicative fitness in the ancestral host. By contrast, a derived generalist showed small replication losses relative to the ancestral virus in the ancestral host but increased early replication in the local tissue of novel hosts. This study shows that the mechanisms of specialism and generalism are host specific and that local and systemic replication can contribute differently to overall within host replicative fitness for specialist and generalist viruses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Salmonidae ; Specialization ; Kidney ; Virus Replication
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	219316-4
ISSN	1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
ISSN (online)	1465-2099
ISSN	0022-1317
DOI	10.1099/jgv.0.001937
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Heterologous Exchanges of Glycoprotein and Non-Virion Protein in Novirhabdoviruses: Assessment of Virulence in Yellow Perch (

Vakharia, Vikram N / Ammayappan, Arun / Yusuff, Shamila / Tesfaye, Tarin M / Kurath, Gael

Viruses

2024 Volume 16, Issue 4

Abstract: Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are rhabdoviruses in two different species belonging to ... ...

Abstract	Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are rhabdoviruses in two different species belonging to the
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/virology ; Perches/virology ; Virulence ; Novirhabdovirus/genetics ; Novirhabdovirus/pathogenicity ; Fish Diseases/virology ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/virology ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus/genetics ; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus/pathogenicity ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Host Specificity
Chemical Substances	Glycoproteins ; Viral Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v16040652
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile:

Kuhn, Jens H / Kurath, Gael / Wolf, Yuri I / Hyndman, Timothy H

The Journal of general virology

2023 Volume 104, Issue 10

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Sunviridae
MeSH term(s)	Genome, Viral ; Phylogeny ; Negative-Sense RNA Viruses ; Virus Replication ; RNA Viruses/genetics ; Virion
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	219316-4
ISSN	1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
ISSN (online)	1465-2099
ISSN	0022-1317
DOI	10.1099/jgv.0.001896
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 610: Show issues

Location:
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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Genetics Reveal Long-Distance Virus Transmission Links in Pacific Salmon.

Breyta, Rachel B / Batts, William N / Kurath, Gael

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 16

Abstract: In the coastal region of Washington State, a major pathogen emergence event occurred between 2007 and 2011 in which steelhead trout ( ...

Abstract	In the coastal region of Washington State, a major pathogen emergence event occurred between 2007 and 2011 in which steelhead trout (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12162120
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Genetics Reveal Long-Distance Virus Transmission Links in Pacific Salmon

Breyta, Rachel B. / Batts, William N. / Kurath, Gael

Animals. 2022 Aug. 18, v. 12, no. 16

2022

Abstract: In the coastal region of Washington State, a major pathogen emergence event occurred between 2007 and 2011 in which steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experienced a high incidence of infection and disease outbreaks due to the rhabdovirus infectious ... ...

Abstract	In the coastal region of Washington State, a major pathogen emergence event occurred between 2007 and 2011 in which steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experienced a high incidence of infection and disease outbreaks due to the rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Genetic typing showed that the introduced viruses were in the steelhead-specific MD subgroup of IHNV and indicated the most likely source was a virus from the nearby Columbia River Basin. In the current study, full-length viral glycoprotein (G) gene sequences were determined for 55 IHNV isolates from both coastal and Columbia fish populations to identify specific source populations and infer mechanisms of transmission to coastal steelhead. We identified three transmission links based on exact fullG genotype matches between Columbia and coastal fish. In all cases, the likely source population was infected juvenile fish, and sink populations were adult fish returning to coastal rivers to spawn. The time intervals between detection in source and sink populations varied from 6 months to nearly 4 years, suggesting different transmission pathways. Surprisingly, distances between source and sink populations varied between 140 and 1000 km. These results confirm repeated introductions of virus from Columbia River Basin fish as the cause of emergence of MD virus on the Washington coast from 2007 to 2011.
Keywords	Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Washington (state) ; adults ; coasts ; fish ; genes ; genotype ; glycoproteins ; juveniles ; pathogens ; virus transmission ; viruses ; watersheds ; Columbia River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0818
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12162120
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Comparative Susceptibilities of Selected California Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Populations to Isolates of L Genogroup Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV).

Bendorf, Christin M / Yun, Susan C / Kurath, Gael / Hedrick, Ronald P

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 13

Abstract: Salmonid species demonstrate varied susceptibility to the viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In California conservation hatcheries, juvenile Chinook salmon ( ...

Abstract	Salmonid species demonstrate varied susceptibility to the viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In California conservation hatcheries, juvenile Chinook salmon (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12131733
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Comparative Susceptibilities of Selected California Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Populations to Isolates of L Genogroup Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV)

Bendorf, Christin M. / Yun, Susan C. / Kurath, Gael / Hedrick, Ronald P.

Animals. 2022 July 05, v. 12, no. 13

2022

Abstract: Salmonid species demonstrate varied susceptibility to the viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In California conservation hatcheries, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have experienced disease outbreaks due to L ...

Abstract	Salmonid species demonstrate varied susceptibility to the viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In California conservation hatcheries, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have experienced disease outbreaks due to L genogroup IHNV since the 1940s, while indigenous steelhead (anadromous O. mykiss) appear relatively resistant. To characterize factors contributing to the losses of California salmonid fish due to IHNV, three populations of Chinook salmon and two populations of steelhead native to California watersheds were compared in controlled waterborne challenges with California L genogroup IHNV isolates at viral doses of 10⁴–10⁶ pfu mL⁻¹. Chinook salmon fry were moderately to highly susceptible (CPM = 47–87%) when exposed to subgroup LI and LII IHNV. Susceptibility to mortality decreased with increasing age and also with a higher temperature. Mortality for steelhead fry exposed to two IHNV isolates was low (CPM = 1.3–33%). There was little intraspecies variation in susceptibility among populations of Chinook salmon and no differences in virulence between viruses strains. Viral persistence was demonstrated by the isolation of low levels of infectious IHNV from the skin of two juvenile Chinook salmon at 215 d post exposure. The persistence of the virus among Chinook salmon used for stocking into Lake Oroville may be an explanation for the severe epidemics of IHN at the Feather River hatchery in 1998–2002.
Keywords	Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; anadromous fish ; hatcheries ; juveniles ; lakes ; mortality ; pathogens ; rivers ; temperature ; virulence ; viruses ; California
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0705
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12131733
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Virus shedding kinetics and unconventional virulence tradeoffs.

Wargo, Andrew R / Kurath, Gael / Scott, Robert J / Kerr, Benjamin

PLoS pathogens

2021 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e1009528

Abstract: Tradeoff theory, which postulates that virulence provides both transmission costs and benefits for pathogens, has become widely adopted by the scientific community. Although theoretical literature exploring virulence-tradeoffs is vast, empirical studies ... ...

Abstract	Tradeoff theory, which postulates that virulence provides both transmission costs and benefits for pathogens, has become widely adopted by the scientific community. Although theoretical literature exploring virulence-tradeoffs is vast, empirical studies validating various assumptions still remain sparse. In particular, truncation of transmission duration as a cost of virulence has been difficult to quantify with robust controlled in vivo studies. We sought to fill this knowledge gap by investigating how transmission rate and duration were associated with virulence for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Using host mortality to quantify virulence and viral shedding to quantify transmission, we found that IHNV did not conform to classical tradeoff theory. More virulent genotypes of the virus were found to have longer transmission durations due to lower recovery rates of infected hosts, but the relationship was not saturating as assumed by tradeoff theory. Furthermore, the impact of host mortality on limiting transmission duration was minimal and greatly outweighed by recovery. Transmission rate differences between high and low virulence genotypes were also small and inconsistent. Ultimately, more virulent genotypes were found to have the overall fitness advantage, and there was no apparent constraint on the evolution of increased virulence for IHNV. However, using a mathematical model parameterized with experimental data, it was found that host culling resurrected the virulence tradeoff and provided low virulence genotypes with the advantage. Human-induced or natural culling, as well as host population fragmentation, may be some of the mechanisms by which virulence diversity is maintained in nature. This work highlights the importance of considering non-classical virulence tradeoffs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fish Diseases/virology ; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus/physiology ; Kinetics ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/growth & development ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/virology ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/virology ; Viral Load ; Virulence ; Virus Shedding
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2205412-1
ISSN	1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
ISSN (online)	1553-7374
ISSN	1553-7374
DOI	10.1371/journal.ppat.1009528
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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