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Article: Feasibility and effectiveness of seal deterrent in coastal trap-net fishing – development of a novel mobile deterrent

Lehtonen, Esa / Lehmonen, Roope / Kostensalo, Joel / Kurkilahti, Mika / Suuronen, Petri

Fisheries research. 2022 Apr. 04,

2022

Abstract: With the rapid growth of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) population in the Baltic Sea, seal-induced catch losses have increased dramatically in coastal fisheries. There have been various attempts to mitigate these damages, such as modification of fishing ... ...

Abstract	With the rapid growth of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) population in the Baltic Sea, seal-induced catch losses have increased dramatically in coastal fisheries. There have been various attempts to mitigate these damages, such as modification of fishing gear, but solutions have proven inadequate. Promising research results have recently been obtained by using acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs) to keep seals away from the immediate vicinity of the gear. We tested the feasibility and effectiveness of a raft-mounted and a novel mobile ADD in Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) trap-net fisheries along the Finnish coast in collaboration with 13 commercial fishers. Fishers operated trap-nets (pontoon traps) that were equipped with and without an ADD. Our results indicate that a fisher with a trap-net equipped with an ADD can expect to catch on average 3.4 salmon per day whereas in trap-net without an ADD a fisher can expect on average 2.1 salmon per day. The deployment of ADDs over the two years testing period indicated an average increase of 64% in salmon catches. Our study suggests that in salmon trap-net fisheries an ADD is a useful and economically viable (given that the investment is subsided) mitigation tool for reducing seal-induced catch losses. Furthermore, the mobile ADD developed in this study provides unique practical opportunities and notable potential for a wider use of an ADD.
Keywords	Halichoerus grypus ; Salmo salar ; acoustics ; coasts ; economic sustainability ; research ; salmon ; seals ; Baltic Sea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0404
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	406532-3
ISSN	0165-7836
ISSN	0165-7836
DOI	10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106328
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Faecal Cortisol Metabolites as an Indicator of Adrenocortical Activity in Farmed Blue Foxes

Ojala, Eeva A. / Kurkilahti, Mika / Hovland, Anne Lene / Palme, Rupert / Mononen, Jaakko

Animals. 2021 Sept. 07, v. 11, no. 9

2021

Abstract: Welfare studies of blue foxes would benefit from a measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) as a non-invasive, physiological stress parameter reflecting hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Before implementation, a species- ... ...

Abstract	Welfare studies of blue foxes would benefit from a measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) as a non-invasive, physiological stress parameter reflecting hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Before implementation, a species-specific validation of such a method is required. Therefore, we conducted a physiological validation of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to measure FCMs in blue foxes. Twenty individuals (nine males and eleven females) were injected with synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and faecal samples were collected every third h for two days. The FCM baseline levels were assessed based on the first sampling day (control period, 144 samples), followed by the ACTH injection and the second day of sampling (treatment period, 122 samples). FCMs were analysed with a 5α-pregnane-3ß,11ß,21-triol-20-one EIA. We compared the estimated mean FCM concentrations of the treatment samples to the baseline average. All samples for the two periods were collected at the same time of the day, which enabled to test the data also with an hourly pairwise comparison. With the two statistical approaches, we tested whether a possible diurnal fluctuation in the FCM concentrations affected the interpretation of the results. Compared to the baseline levels, both approaches showed 2.4–3.2 times higher concentrations on time points sampled 8–14 h after the ACTH injection (p < 0.05). The estimated FCM concentrations also fluctuated slightly within the control period (p < 0.01). Inter-individual variations in FCM levels were marked, which highlights the importance of having a sufficient number of animals in experiments utilising FCMs. The sampling intervals of 3 h enabled forming of informative FCM curves. Taken together, this study proves that FCM analysis with a 5α-pregnane-3ß,11ß,21-triol-20-one EIA is a valid measurement of adrenocortical activity in the farmed blue foxes. Therefore, it can be utilised as a non-invasive stress indicator in future animal welfare studies of the species.
Keywords	animal welfare ; corticotropin ; cortisol ; diurnal variation ; enzyme immunoassays ; metabolites
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0907
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11092631
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Valorizing Assorted Logging Residues: Response Surface Methodology in the Extraction Optimization of a Green Norway Spruce Needle-Rich Fraction To Obtain Valuable Bioactive Compounds.

Tienaho, Jenni / Fidelis, Marina / Brännström, Hanna / Hellström, Jarkko / Rudolfsson, Magnus / Kumar Das, Atanu / Liimatainen, Jaana / Kumar, Anuj / Kurkilahti, Mika / Kilpeläinen, Petri

ACS sustainable resource management

2024 Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 237–249

Abstract: During stemwood harvesting, substantial volumes of logging residues are produced as a side stream. Nevertheless, industrially feasible processing methods supporting their use for other than energy generation purposes are scarce. Thus, the present study ... ...

Abstract	During stemwood harvesting, substantial volumes of logging residues are produced as a side stream. Nevertheless, industrially feasible processing methods supporting their use for other than energy generation purposes are scarce. Thus, the present study focuses on biorefinery processing, employing response surface methodology to optimize the pressurized extraction of industrially assorted needle-rich spruce logging residues with four solvents. Eighteen experimental points, including eight center point replicates, were used to optimize the extraction temperature (40-135 °C) and time (10-70 min). The extraction optimization for water, water with Na
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2837-1445
ISSN (online)	2837-1445
DOI	10.1021/acssusresmgt.3c00050
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Touch the wood

Kettunen Elina / Kurkilahti Mika / Belt Tiina / Möttönen Veikko / Harju Anni / Tornberg Anna-Kaisa / Veijalainen Anna-Maria / Kuroda Katsushi / Tsunetsugu Yuko / Tienaho Jenni / Muilu-Mäkelä Riina / Pasanen Pertti / Jyske Tuula

Environmental Advances, Vol 13, Iss , Pp 100416- (2023)

Antimicrobial properties of wooden and other solid material surfaces differ between dry and moist contamination in public and laboratory exposure

2023

Abstract: Several bacteria causing infections can remain infectious on surfaces from hours to several days and weeks. Antibacterial properties of wood are poorly understood in terms of dry contamination via hands, as large majority of previous research has been ... ...

Abstract	Several bacteria causing infections can remain infectious on surfaces from hours to several days and weeks. Antibacterial properties of wood are poorly understood in terms of dry contamination via hands, as large majority of previous research has been carried out by using liquid inoculation methods. The effects of wood surface treatments on antimicrobial activity require more investigation. Here, antimicrobial properties of surfaces of 18 different every-day indoor materials, i.e., non-treated wooden surfaces, wood with surface and other treatments, and other solid indoor materials were examined. This study is unique, as the materials that were exposed to human contact in public space were also investigated in controlled conditions for their antibacterial properties. First, bacterial loads of different material surfaces were quantified in a real-life public setting by contact plate method. Secondly, in a controlled exposure chamber trial, bacterial viability of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus aerius/licheniformis was followed as a function of time after spreading bacterial aerosols on samples. In the public exposure, non-wood coatings/materials (tile, laminate, vinyl cork, lacquer coated wood) with non-porous surfaces had the lowest number of bacterial colonies forming units (cfu). Differences in cfu were also observed between the wood species: the lowest accounts were recorded from white oak, and black walnut. In the exposure chamber trial, the viability of S. epidermidis decreased on almost all study materials, with the lowest viability detected from non-treated white oak. Instead, B. aerius/licheniformis remained stable on most material surfaces. The differences in results in wood antibacterial properties between the dry and moist contamination may be explained by the fact that moist aerosol inoculum faces both passive and active antimicrobial mechanisms of non-treated wood; porous wood structure dries bacteria, and wood chemical constituents possess bacteriostatic efficacies. In dry conditions via ...
Keywords	Antibacterial ; Antimicrobial ; Bacterial load ; Bacterial viability ; Interior materials ; Wood ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Faecal Cortisol Metabolites as an Indicator of Adrenocortical Activity in Farmed Blue Foxes.

Ojala, Eeva A / Kurkilahti, Mika / Hovland, Anne Lene / Palme, Rupert / Mononen, Jaakko

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2021 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: Welfare studies of blue foxes would benefit from a measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) as a non-invasive, physiological stress parameter reflecting hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Before implementation, a species- ... ...

Abstract	Welfare studies of blue foxes would benefit from a measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) as a non-invasive, physiological stress parameter reflecting hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Before implementation, a species-specific validation of such a method is required. Therefore, we conducted a physiological validation of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to measure FCMs in blue foxes. Twenty individuals (nine males and eleven females) were injected with synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and faecal samples were collected every third h for two days. The FCM baseline levels were assessed based on the first sampling day (control period, 144 samples), followed by the ACTH injection and the second day of sampling (treatment period, 122 samples). FCMs were analysed with a 5α-pregnane-3ß,11ß,21-triol-20-one EIA. We compared the estimated mean FCM concentrations of the treatment samples to the baseline average. All samples for the two periods were collected at the same time of the day, which enabled to test the data also with an hourly pairwise comparison. With the two statistical approaches, we tested whether a possible diurnal fluctuation in the FCM concentrations affected the interpretation of the results. Compared to the baseline levels, both approaches showed 2.4-3.2 times higher concentrations on time points sampled 8-14 h after the ACTH injection (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani11092631
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A mark-recapture approach for estimating population size of the endangered ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis).

Koivuniemi, Meeri / Kurkilahti, Mika / Niemi, Marja / Auttila, Miina / Kunnasranta, Mervi

PloS one

2019 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e0214269

Abstract: Reliable population estimates are fundamental to the conservation of endangered species. We evaluate here the use of photo-identification (photo-ID) and mark-recapture techniques for estimating the population size of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal ( ... ...

Abstract	Reliable population estimates are fundamental to the conservation of endangered species. We evaluate here the use of photo-identification (photo-ID) and mark-recapture techniques for estimating the population size of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). Photo-ID data based on the unique pelage patterns of individuals were collected by means of camera traps and boat-based surveys during the molting season in two of the species' main breeding areas, over a period of five years in the Pihlajavesi basin and eight years in the Haukivesi basin. An open model approach provided minimum population estimates for these two basins. The results indicated high survival rates and site fidelity among the adult seals. More accurate estimates can be obtained in the future by increasing the surveying effort both spatially and temporally. The method presented here proved effective for evaluating population size objectively, whereas the results of the current snow lair censuses are dependent on varying winter conditions, for instance. We therefore suggest that a photo-ID-based non-invasive mark-recapture method should be used for estimating Saimaa ringed seal abundances in order to ensure reliable, transparent population monitoring under changing climatic conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Climate Change ; Endangered Species ; Female ; Finland ; Male ; Molting ; Phoca/anatomy & histology ; Phoca/growth & development ; Population Density ; Video Recording/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0214269
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Both reindeer management and several other land use factors explain the reduction in ground lichens (Cladonia spp.) in pastures grazed by semi-domesticated reindeer in Finland

Kumpula, Jouko / Kurkilahti, Mika / Helle, Timo / Colpaert, Alfred

Regional environmental change. 2014 Apr., v. 14, no. 2

2014

Abstract: Roles of intensive reindeer grazing and several additional land use factors in the reduction in ground lichens (Cladonia spp.) in pastures grazed by the semi-domesticated reindeer have been argued in Finland. Our analysis showed that several factors and ... ...

Abstract	Roles of intensive reindeer grazing and several additional land use factors in the reduction in ground lichens (Cladonia spp.) in pastures grazed by the semi-domesticated reindeer have been argued in Finland. Our analysis showed that several factors and processes explain the standing biomass of lichens (during 2005–2008) and the recent changes in this biomass (after 1995–1996) on lichen pastures located in the 20 northernmost herding districts in Finland. The higher the long-term reindeer densities on the lichen pastures the lower was the lichen biomass. The lichen biomass was also strongly affected by the grazing system; the lowest biomass values of lichens were measured in all grazing areas that were used in the snow-free seasons. The lichen biomass in pine forests less than 80� years old and in all mountain type lichen pastures was lower than that in mature and old pine forests. The lichen biomass also decreased as the proportion of arboreal lichen pastures within a district decreased and the proportion of human infrastructure increased. The aerial drift of heavy metals from the Kola Peninsula appeared to reduce lichens in a small north-eastern part of the study area. Increases in summer precipitation and winter temperatures increased the amount of lichens, but increases in summer temperatures and winter precipitation had the opposite effect. Reindeer densities, grazing system, pasture type and the previous abiotic factors were also associated with the reduction in lichen biomass between the inventories. We conclude that several local, regional and even global factors and processes affect the state of reindeer pastures in large and complex grazing ecosystems. Therefore, more comprehensive research and management strategies for the entire reindeer herding environment are needed.
Keywords	Cladonia ; biomass ; coniferous forests ; ecosystems ; grazing ; heavy metals ; herding ; infrastructure ; inventories ; land use ; lichens ; pastures ; reindeer ; research management ; summer ; temperature ; Finland ; Russia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-04
Size	p. 541-559.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1464515-4
ISSN	1436-3798
ISSN	1436-3798
DOI	10.1007/s10113-013-0508-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Thesis: Nordic multimesh gillnet - robust gear for sampling fish populations

Kurkilahti, Mika

1999

Institution	Åbo Akademi
Author's details	by Mika Kurkilahti
Language	English
Size	22 S, graph. Darst
Publisher	Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy
Publishing place	Helsinki u.a.
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Univ.; Diss.--Turku, 1999
Note	Academic Dissertation
ISBN	9517762410 ; 9789517762410
Database	Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries

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Article: Age, Sex and Body Condition of Baltic Grey Seals: Are Problem Seals a Random Sample of the Population?

Kauhala, Kaarina / Kurkilahti, Mika / Ahola, Markus P / Herrero, Annika / Karlsson, Olle / Kunnasranta, Mervi / Tiilikainen, Raisa / Vetemaa, Markus

Annales zoologici Fennici. 2015 Apr., v. 52, no. 1–2

2015

Abstract: The increasing Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) population causes considerable damage to coastal fisheries. The aim of the present study was to compare the age, sex and blubber thickness of seals that cause problems to coastal fisheries (i.e. by- ... ...

Abstract	The increasing Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) population causes considerable damage to coastal fisheries. The aim of the present study was to compare the age, sex and blubber thickness of seals that cause problems to coastal fisheries (i.e. by-catch seals and those shot near the fishing gear) with those killed during regular hunting. This knowledge is essential for population management. We collected seal samples from hunters and fishermen from Finland, Sweden and Estonia in 2011–2013. Hunted seals included individuals of all age classes, whereas most by-catch seals were small pups (in spring) or sub-adult and adult males (in autumn). By-catch seals had a thinner blubber layer than hunted seals. Most seals shot near the fishing gear were adult males in good condition. The ‘problem seals' were thus not a random sample of the population. We suggest that hunting should be targeted especially at males to mitigate the damage to fisheries without threatening the population.
Keywords	Halichoerus grypus ; adults ; age structure ; aquacultural and fisheries equipment ; autumn ; blubber ; body condition ; bycatch ; fishermen ; males ; pups ; seals ; spring ; Estonia ; Finland ; Sweden
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-04
Size	p. 103-114.
Publishing place	Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2017991-1
ISSN	1797-2450 ; 0003-455X
ISSN (online)	1797-2450
ISSN	0003-455X
DOI	10.5735%2F086.052.0209
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Food Web Responses to Artificial Mixing in a Small Boreal Lake

Arvola, Lauri / Ala-Opas, Pasi / Forsius, Martin / Keskitalo, Jorma / Kulo, Katja / Kurkilahti, Mika / Lehtovaara, Anja / Rask, Martti / Sairanen, Samuli / Salo, Simo / Saloranta, Tuomo / Verta, Matti / Vesala, Sami

Water. 2017 July 12, v. 9, no. 7

2017

Abstract: In order to simulate food web responses of small boreal lakes to changes in thermal stratification due to global warming, a 4 year whole-lake manipulation experiment was performed. Within that time, period lake mixing was intensified artificially during ... ...

Abstract	In order to simulate food web responses of small boreal lakes to changes in thermal stratification due to global warming, a 4 year whole-lake manipulation experiment was performed. Within that time, period lake mixing was intensified artificially during two successive summers. Complementary data from a nearby lake of similar size and basic water chemistry were used as a reference. Phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a did not respond to the greater mixing depth but an increase was observed in the proportional abundance of diatoms, and the proportional abundance of cryptophytes also increased immediately after the onset of mixing. Obligate anoxic green sulphur bacteria vanished at the onset of mixing but gradually recovered after re-establishment of hypolimnetic anoxic conditions. No major effect on crustacean zooplankton was found, but their diversity increased in the metalimnion. During the mixing, the density of rotifers declined but protozoan density increased in the hypolimnion. Littoral benthic invertebrate density increased during the mixing due to Ephemeroptera, Asellus aquaticus and Chironomidae, whereas the density of Chaoborus larvae declined during mixing and lower densities were still recorded one year after the treatment. No structural changes in fish community were found although gillnet catches increased after the onset of the study. The early growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis) increased compared to the years before the mixing and in comparison to the reference lake, suggesting improved food availability in the experimental lake. Although several food web responses to the greater mixing depth were found, their persistence and ecological significance were strongly dependent on the extent of the disturbance. To better understand the impacts of wind stress on small lakes, long term whole-lake experiments are needed.
Keywords	anaerobic conditions ; Asellus aquaticus ; Bacillariophyceae ; biomass ; Chaoborus ; Chironomidae ; Chlorobiales ; chlorophyll ; Ephemeroptera ; fish communities ; food availability ; food webs ; gillnets ; global warming ; hydrochemistry ; invertebrates ; lakes ; larvae ; littoral zone ; Perca fluviatilis ; perch ; phytoplankton ; Protozoa ; Rotifera ; summer ; temperature profiles ; wind stress ; zooplankton
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0712
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2521238-2
ISSN	2073-4441
ISSN	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w9070515
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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