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  1. Article ; Online: Stormwater runoff drives viral community composition changes in inland freshwaters

    Kurt E. Williamson / Jamie V. Harris / Jasmin C. Green / Faraz eRahman / Randolph M. Chambers

    Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol

    2014  Volume 5

    Abstract: Storm events impact freshwater microbial communities by transporting terrestrial viruses and other microbes to freshwater systems, and by potentially resuspending microbes from bottom sediments. The magnitude of these impacts on freshwater ecosystems is ... ...

    Abstract Storm events impact freshwater microbial communities by transporting terrestrial viruses and other microbes to freshwater systems, and by potentially resuspending microbes from bottom sediments. The magnitude of these impacts on freshwater ecosystems is unknown and largely unexplored. Field studies carried out at two discrete sites in coastal Virginia (USA) were used to characterize the viral load carried by runoff and to test the hypothesis that terrestrial viruses introduced through stormwater runoff change the composition of freshwater microbial communities. Field data gathered from an agricultural watershed indicated that primary runoff can contain viral densities approximating those of receiving waters. Furthermore, viruses attached to suspended colloids made up a large fraction of the total load, particularly in early stages of the storm. At a second field site (stormwater retention pond), RAPD-PCR profiling showed that the viral community of the pond changed dramatically over the course of two intense storms while relatively little change was observed over similar time scales in the absence of disturbance. Comparisons of planktonic and particle-associated viral communities revealed two completely distinct communities, suggesting that particle-associated viruses represent a potentially large and overlooked portion of aquatic viral abundance and diversity. Our findings show that stormwater runoff can quickly change the composition of freshwater microbial communities. Based on these findings, increased storms in the coastal mid-Atlantic region predicted by most climate change models will likely have important impacts on the structure and function of local freshwater microbial communities.
    Keywords Viruses ; community ecology ; freshwater ; RAPD-PCR ; particle-associated ; terrestrial runoff ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Subject code 550
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Cluster K mycobacteriophages

    Welkin H Pope / Christina M Ferreira / Deborah Jacobs-Sera / Robert C Benjamin / Ariangela J Davis / Randall J DeJong / Sarah C R Elgin / Forrest R Guilfoile / Mark H Forsyth / Alexander D Harris / Samuel E Harvey / Lee E Hughes / Peter M Hynes / Arrykka S Jackson / Marilyn D Jalal / Elizabeth A MacMurray / Coreen M Manley / Molly J McDonough / Jordan L Mosier /
    Larissa J Osterbann / Hannah S Rabinowitz / Corwin N Rhyan / Daniel A Russell / Margaret S Saha / Christopher D Shaffer / Stephanie E Simon / Erika F Sims / Isabel G Tovar / Emilie G Weisser / John T Wertz / Kathleen A Weston-Hafer / Kurt E Williamson / Bo Zhang / Steven G Cresawn / Paras Jain / Mariana Piuri / William R Jacobs / Roger W Hendrix / Graham F Hatfull

    PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e

    insights into the evolutionary origins of mycobacteriophage TM4.

    2011  Volume 26750

    Abstract: Five newly isolated mycobacteriophages--Angelica, CrimD, Adephagia, Anaya, and Pixie--have similar genomic architectures to mycobacteriophage TM4, a previously characterized phage that is widely used in mycobacterial genetics. The nucleotide sequence ... ...

    Abstract Five newly isolated mycobacteriophages--Angelica, CrimD, Adephagia, Anaya, and Pixie--have similar genomic architectures to mycobacteriophage TM4, a previously characterized phage that is widely used in mycobacterial genetics. The nucleotide sequence similarities warrant grouping these into Cluster K, with subdivision into three subclusters: K1, K2, and K3. Although the overall genome architectures of these phages are similar, TM4 appears to have lost at least two segments of its genome, a central region containing the integration apparatus, and a segment at the right end. This suggests that TM4 is a recent derivative of a temperate parent, resolving a long-standing conundrum about its biology, in that it was reportedly recovered from a lysogenic strain of Mycobacterium avium, but it is not capable of forming lysogens in any mycobacterial host. Like TM4, all of the Cluster K phages infect both fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria, and all of them--with the exception of TM4--form stable lysogens in both Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; immunity assays show that all five of these phages share the same immune specificity. TM4 infects these lysogens suggesting that it was either derived from a heteroimmune temperate parent or that it has acquired a virulent phenotype. We have also characterized a widely-used conditionally replicating derivative of TM4 and identified mutations conferring the temperature-sensitive phenotype. All of the Cluster K phages contain a series of well conserved 13 bp repeats associated with the translation initiation sites of a subset of the genes; approximately one half of these contain an additional sequence feature composed of imperfectly conserved 17 bp inverted repeats separated by a variable spacer. The K1 phages integrate into the host tmRNA and the Cluster K phages represent potential new tools for the genetics of M. tuberculosis and related species.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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