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  1. Article ; Online: Presence of Segmented Flaviviruses in Wild Rodents, Pennsylvania, USA

    Arvind Kumar / Kurt J. Vandegrift / Himanshu Sharma / Satyapramod Murthy / Laura D. Kramer / Richard Ostfeld / Peter Hudson / Amit Kapoor

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 8, Pp 1810-

    2020  Volume 1817

    Abstract: Identifying viruses in synanthropic animals is necessary for understanding the origin of many viruses that can infect human hosts and developing strategies to prevent new zoonotic infections. The white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, is one of the ... ...

    Abstract Identifying viruses in synanthropic animals is necessary for understanding the origin of many viruses that can infect human hosts and developing strategies to prevent new zoonotic infections. The white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, is one of the most abundant rodent species in the northeastern United States. We characterized the serum virome of 978 free-ranging P. leucopus mice caught in Pennsylvania. We identified many new viruses from 26 different virus families. Among these viruses was a highly divergent segmented flavivirus whose genetic relatives were recently identified in ticks, mosquitos, and vertebrates, including febrile patients. The novel flavi-like segmented virus, isolated from ticks in Pennsylvania, shares ˂70% aa identity with known viruses in the highly conserved region of the viral polymerase. Our data will enable researchers to develop molecular reagents to further characterize this virus and its relatives infecting other hosts and to curtail their spread, if necessary.
    Keywords arbovirus ; Alongshan ; deer mice virome ; flaviviruses ; Jingmen ; northeastern United States ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Rodent Virus Diversity and Differentiation across Post-Katrina New Orleans

    Anna C. Peterson / Himanshu Sharma / Arvind Kumar / Bruno M. Ghersi / Scott J. Emrich / Kurt J. Vandegrift / Amit Kapoor / Michael J. Blum

    Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 8034, p

    2021  Volume 8034

    Abstract: Concern about elevated disease risk following disasters has been growing with the progression of global trends in urbanization and climate, in part because shifts in socioecological conditions can promote greater human contact with pathogen reservoirs in ...

    Abstract Concern about elevated disease risk following disasters has been growing with the progression of global trends in urbanization and climate, in part because shifts in socioecological conditions can promote greater human contact with pathogen reservoirs in cities. Remarkably little is known, however, about the diversity and distributions of pathogens carried by commensal reservoirs across disaster-affected urban landscapes. To address this deficit, we characterized the assemblage structure of viruses in the serum of three widespread commensal rodents ( Rattus norvegicus , Rattus rattus , and Mus musculus ) that were trapped in New Orleans (LA, USA) following Hurricane Katrina. We assessed virus diversity and differentiation according to host species identity, co-occurrence and abundance, as well as prevailing landscape features known to shape urban rodent assemblages. We detected ≥34 viruses in total, including several pathogens of concern, through metagenomic analysis of serum taken from ≥149 individuals of each host species. We found that virus richness as well as assemblage composition and spatial differentiation differed by host species. Notably, we detected associations with host species co-occurrence and abundance, and while we found that assemblage structure varied by study area, we did not detect strong associations with landscape features known to influence rodent hosts. Evidence that virus diversity and assemblage structure reflect host identity more so than other factors indicates that biotic benchmarks might serve as prognostic indicators of post-disaster pathogen exposure risk in cities worldwide.
    Keywords abandonment ; disaster ; emerging infectious disease ; pathogens ; surveillance ; urban ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: An Ecological and Conservation Perspective on Advances in the Applied Virology of Zoonoses

    Jonathan H. Epstein / Kurt J. Vandegrift / Nina Wale

    Viruses, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 379-

    2011  Volume 397

    Abstract: The aim of this manuscript is to describe how modern advances in our knowledge of viruses and viral evolution can be applied to the fields of disease ecology and conservation. We review recent progress in virology and provide examples of how it is ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this manuscript is to describe how modern advances in our knowledge of viruses and viral evolution can be applied to the fields of disease ecology and conservation. We review recent progress in virology and provide examples of how it is informing both empirical research in field ecology and applied conservation. We include a discussion of needed breakthroughs and ways to bridge communication gaps between the field and the lab. In an effort to foster this interdisciplinary effort, we have also included a table that lists the definitions of key terms. The importance of understanding the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in their reservoir hosts is emphasized as a tool to both assess risk factors for spillover and to test hypotheses related to treatment and/or intervention strategies. In conclusion, we highlight the need for smart surveillance, viral discovery efforts and predictive modeling. A shift towards a predictive approach is necessary in today’s globalized society because, as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic demonstrated, identification post-emergence is often too late to prevent global spread. Integrating molecular virology and ecological techniques will allow for earlier recognition of potentially dangerous pathogens, ideally before they jump from wildlife reservoirs into human or livestock populations and cause serious public health or conservation issues.
    Keywords disease ecology ; conservation ; virology ; vaccination ; phylodynamics ; metagenomics ; endangered species ; emerging disease ; smart surveillance ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Predictive power of air travel and socio-economic data for early pandemic spread.

    Parviez Hosseini / Susanne H Sokolow / Kurt J Vandegrift / A Marm Kilpatrick / Peter Daszak

    PLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 9, p e

    2010  Volume 12763

    Abstract: Controlling the pandemic spread of newly emerging diseases requires rapid, targeted allocation of limited resources among nations. Critical, early control steps would be greatly enhanced if the key risk factors can be identified that accurately predict ... ...

    Abstract Controlling the pandemic spread of newly emerging diseases requires rapid, targeted allocation of limited resources among nations. Critical, early control steps would be greatly enhanced if the key risk factors can be identified that accurately predict early disease spread immediately after emergence.Here, we examine the role of travel, trade, and national healthcare resources in predicting the emergence and initial spread of 2009 A/H1N1 influenza. We find that incorporating national healthcare resource data into our analyses allowed a much greater capacity to predict the international spread of this virus. In countries with lower healthcare resources, the reporting of 2009 A/H1N1 cases was significantly delayed, likely reflecting a lower capacity for testing and reporting, as well as other socio-political issues. We also report substantial international trade in live swine and poultry in the decade preceding the pandemic which may have contributed to the emergence and mixed genotype of this pandemic strain. However, the lack of knowledge of recent evolution of each H1N1 viral gene segment precludes the use of this approach to determine viral origins.We conclude that strategies to prevent pandemic influenza virus emergence and spread in the future should include: 1) enhanced surveillance for strains resulting from reassortment in traded livestock; 2) rapid deployment of control measures in the initial spreading phase to countries where travel data predict the pathogen will reach and to countries where lower healthcare resources will likely cause delays in reporting. Our results highlight the benefits, for all parties, when higher income countries provide additional healthcare resources for lower income countries, particularly those that have high air traffic volumes. In particular, international authorities should prioritize aid to those poorest countries where both the risk of emerging infectious diseases and air traffic volume is highest. This strategy will result in earlier detection of pathogens and a ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Bird migration and avian influenza: A comparison of hydrogen stable isotopes and satellite tracking methods

    Bridge, Eli S / Acty George / Andrea Mikolon / Ausrafal Islam / Balachandran Sivananinthaperumal / Bena Smith / Connie Y.H. Leung / Enam Ul Haque / Jeffrey F. Kelly / John Y. Takekawa / Kiraz Erciyas Yavuz / Kurt J. Vandegrift / Kyle A. Spragens / Mat Yamage / Mohammad Anwarul Islam / Nichola J. Hill / Parviez R. Hosseini / Paul Leader / Peter Daszak /
    Samia Saif / Samiul Mohsanin / Scott H. Newman / Taej Mundkur / Xiangming Xiao

    Ecological indicators. 2014 Oct., v. 45

    2014  

    Abstract: Satellite-based tracking of migratory waterfowl is an important tool for understanding the potential role of wild birds in the long-distance transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza. However, employing this technique on a continental scale is ... ...

    Abstract Satellite-based tracking of migratory waterfowl is an important tool for understanding the potential role of wild birds in the long-distance transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza. However, employing this technique on a continental scale is prohibitively expensive. This study explores the utility of stable isotope ratios in feathers in examining both the distances traveled by migratory birds and variation in migration behavior. We compared the satellite-derived movement data of 22 ducks from 8 species captured at wintering areas in Bangladesh, Turkey, and Hong Kong with deuterium ratios (δD) in the feathers of these and other individuals captured at the same locations. We derived likely molting locations from the satellite tracking data and generated expected isotope ratios based on an interpolated map of δD in rainwater. Although δD was correlated with the distance between wintering and molting locations, surprisingly, measured δD values were not correlated with either expected values or latitudes of molting sites. However, population-level parameters derived from the satellite-tracking data, such as mean distance between wintering and molting locations and variation in migration distance, were reflected by means and variation of the stable isotope values. Our findings call into question the relevance of the rainfall isotope map for Asia for linking feather isotopes to molting locations, and underscore the need for extensive ground truthing in the form of feather-based isoscapes. Nevertheless, stable isotopes from feathers could inform disease models by characterizing the degree to which regional breeding populations interact at common wintering locations. Feather isotopes also could aid in surveying wintering locations to determine where high-resolution tracking techniques (e.g. satellite tracking) could most effectively be employed. Moreover, intrinsic markers such as stable isotopes offer the only means of inferring movement information from birds that have died as a result of infection. In the absence of feather based-isoscapes, we recommend a combination of isotope analysis and satellite-tracking as the best means of generating aggregate movement data for informing disease models.
    Keywords avian influenza ; breeding ; deuterium ; disease models ; ducks ; feathers ; latitude ; migratory behavior ; migratory birds ; molting ; rain ; satellites ; stable isotopes ; wild birds ; wintering grounds ; Bangladesh ; China ; Turkey (country)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-10
    Size p. 266-273.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2036774-0
    ISSN 1470-160X
    ISSN 1470-160X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.027
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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