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Article ; Online: Mechanisms and implications of bacterial-fungal competition for soil resources.

Wang, Chaoqun / Kuzyakov, Yakov

2024 Volume 18, Issue 1

Abstract: Elucidating complex interactions between bacteria and fungi that determine microbial community structure, composition, and functions in soil, as well as regulate carbon (C) and nutrient fluxes, is crucial to understand biogeochemical cycles. Among the ... ...

Abstract	Elucidating complex interactions between bacteria and fungi that determine microbial community structure, composition, and functions in soil, as well as regulate carbon (C) and nutrient fluxes, is crucial to understand biogeochemical cycles. Among the various interactions, competition for resources is the main factor determining the adaptation and niche differentiation between these two big microbial groups in soil. This is because C and energy limitations for microbial growth are a rule rather than an exception. Here, we review the C and energy demands of bacteria and fungi-the two major kingdoms in soil-the mechanisms of their competition for these and other resources, leading to niche differentiation, and the global change impacts on this competition. The normalized microbial utilization preference showed that bacteria are 1.4-5 times more efficient in the uptake of simple organic compounds as substrates, whereas fungi are 1.1-4.1 times more effective in utilizing complex compounds. Accordingly, bacteria strongly outcompete fungi for simple substrates, while fungi take advantage of complex compounds. Bacteria also compete with fungi for the products released during the degradation of complex substrates. Based on these specifics, we differentiated spatial, temporal, and chemical niches for these two groups in soil. The competition will increase under the main five global changes including elevated CO2, N deposition, soil acidification, global warming, and drought. Elevated CO2, N deposition, and warming increase bacterial dominance, whereas soil acidification and drought increase fungal competitiveness.
MeSH term(s)	Soil Microbiology ; Fungi/metabolism ; Fungi/growth & development ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Soil/chemistry ; Carbon/metabolism ; Microbial Interactions
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2406536-5
ISSN	1751-7370 ; 1751-7362
ISSN (online)	1751-7370
ISSN	1751-7362
DOI	10.1093/ismejo/wrae073
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Article ; Online: "Energy and enthalpy" for microbial energetics in soil.

Wang, Chaoqun / Kuzyakov, Yakov

Global change biology

2023 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) e17184

Abstract: Energy is the driver of all microbial processes in soil. The changes in Gibbs energy are equal to the enthalpy changes during all processes in soil because these processes are ongoing under constant pressure and volume-without work generation. The ... ...

Abstract	Energy is the driver of all microbial processes in soil. The changes in Gibbs energy are equal to the enthalpy changes during all processes in soil because these processes are ongoing under constant pressure and volume-without work generation. The enthalpy change by transformation of individual organic compounds or of complex organic matter in soil can be exactly quantified by the nominal oxidation state of carbon changes. Consequently, microbial energy use efficiency can be assessed by the complete combustion enthalpy of organic compounds when microorganisms use O
MeSH term(s)	Soil ; Organic Chemicals ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Thermodynamics ; Soil Microbiology ; Carbon
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Organic Chemicals ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.17184
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Article ; Online: Energy use efficiency of soil microorganisms: Driven by carbon recycling and reduction.

Wang, Chaoqun / Kuzyakov, Yakov

Global change biology

2023 Volume 29, Issue 22, Page(s) 6170–6187

Abstract: Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is being intensively applied to quantify carbon (C) cycling processes from microbial cell to global scales. Energy use efficiency (EUE) is at least as important as the CUE because (i) microorganisms use organic C mainly as an ... ...

Abstract	Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is being intensively applied to quantify carbon (C) cycling processes from microbial cell to global scales. Energy use efficiency (EUE) is at least as important as the CUE because (i) microorganisms use organic C mainly as an energy source and not as elemental C per se, and (ii) microbial growth and maintenance are limited by energy, but not by C as a structural element. We conceptualize and review the importance of EUE by soil microorganisms and focus on (i) the energy content in organic compounds depending on the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), (ii) approaches to assess EUE, (iii) similarities and differences between CUE and EUE, and (iv) discuss mechanisms responsible for lower EUE compared to CUE. The energy content per C atom (enthalpy of combustion, the total energy stored in a compound) in organic compounds is very closely (R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16925
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Article ; Online: Rhizosphere engineering for soil carbon sequestration.

Wang, Chaoqun / Kuzyakov, Yakov

Trends in plant science

2023 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 447–468

Abstract: The rhizosphere is the central hotspot of water and nutrient uptake by plants, rhizodeposition, microbial activities, and plant-soil-microbial interactions. The plasticity of plants offers possibilities to engineer the rhizosphere to mitigate climate ... ...

Abstract	The rhizosphere is the central hotspot of water and nutrient uptake by plants, rhizodeposition, microbial activities, and plant-soil-microbial interactions. The plasticity of plants offers possibilities to engineer the rhizosphere to mitigate climate change. We define rhizosphere engineering as targeted manipulation of plants, soil, microorganisms, and management to shift rhizosphere processes for specific aims [e.g., carbon (C) sequestration]. The rhizosphere components can be engineered by agronomic, physical, chemical, biological, and genomic approaches. These approaches increase plant productivity with a special focus on C inputs belowground, increase microbial necromass production, protect organic compounds and necromass by aggregation, and decrease C losses. Finally, we outline multifunctional options for rhizosphere engineering: how to boost C sequestration, increase soil health, and mitigate global change effects.
MeSH term(s)	Rhizosphere ; Soil/chemistry ; Carbon Sequestration ; Plant Roots/chemistry ; Carbon ; Plants/genetics ; Soil Microbiology
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1305448-x
ISSN	1878-4372 ; 1360-1385
ISSN (online)	1878-4372
ISSN	1360-1385
DOI	10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.015
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Article ; Online: Dual nature of soil structure: the unity of aggregates and pores

Yudina, Anna / Kuzyakov, Yakov

Geoderma. 2023, p.116478-

2023 , Page(s) 116478–

Abstract: Soil is a hierarchical, self-organizing, and emergent system that supports plant and microbial growth, enables carbon sequestration, facilitates water fluxes, and provide habitat for microorganisms, all of which depend on soil structure. Recent debates ... ...

Abstract	Soil is a hierarchical, self-organizing, and emergent system that supports plant and microbial growth, enables carbon sequestration, facilitates water fluxes, and provide habitat for microorganisms, all of which depend on soil structure. Recent debates have generally reduced soil functioning to geometry and topology of soil solids and pores and denied the existence and role of soil aggregates and hierarchy of solids. Here we argue that soil structure has a dual nature that essentially boils down to the interlocking of pores and solids in groupings of specific complexity and dynamics called aggregates. By comparing their architectural, chemical, and energetic parameters, we conclude that aggregates have a much higher information density than pores. Therefore, aggregates (as unity of solids and pores) perform much broader range of functions compared to pores alone, especially in long-term. A set of soil functions corresponding to each level of the soil structure hierarchy depends on aggregate type (macroaggregates, water-stable aggregates, microaggregates, and elementary soil particles) determined by their specific binding energy, dynamics, and lifetime. The introduced here energy-based concept justifies the hierarchy of soil structure, and is the base for the soil structuring and carbon stabilization processes in their most general form. We understand the soil structure implying the energy-based approach: each hierarchy level corresponds to specific bonding strength of mineral and organic particles forming aggregates. Aggregate formation is a bottom-up process because the energy binding elementary soil particles and microaggregates is orders of magnitude higher than that gluing macroaggregates. The duality of soil structure is manifested not only in the relationship between pores and solids in aggregates, but also in the interactions and competition between the biological and non-biological processes that aggregate and disaggregate the structure. The view of the pore space as a transport pathway and habitat for soil living phase and plant roots, the solid-pore interface as a setting for physico-chemical and biological transformations, and aggregates as a result of these phenomena, provides a context for mechanistic understanding and process-based modeling of soil functions and health.
Keywords	carbon ; carbon sequestration ; energy ; geometry ; habitats ; microaggregates ; microbial growth ; soil structure ; topology ; Soil pore space ; Soil structure hierarchy organization ; Soil functions ; Soil pedogenesis
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	281080-3
ISSN	1872-6259 ; 0016-7061
ISSN (online)	1872-6259
ISSN	0016-7061
DOI	10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116478
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Article ; Online: From energy to (soil organic) matter.

Gunina, Anna / Kuzyakov, Yakov

Global change biology

2022 Volume 28, Issue 7, Page(s) 2169–2182

Abstract: In this concept paper, we propose a new view on soil organic matter (SOM) formation: microorganisms use most of the organics entering the soil as energy rather than as a source of carbon (C), while SOM accumulates as a residual by-product because the ... ...

Abstract	In this concept paper, we propose a new view on soil organic matter (SOM) formation: microorganisms use most of the organics entering the soil as energy rather than as a source of carbon (C), while SOM accumulates as a residual by-product because the microbial energy investment in its decomposition exceeds the energy gain. During the initial stages of decomposition, the nominal oxidation state of C (NOSC) in remaining litter decreases, and the energy content increases. This reflects the rapid mineralization of available compounds with positive and neutral NOSC (carboxylic acids, sugars, some amino acids). Consequently, the NOSC of the remaining compounds drops to -0.3 units, and the oxidation rate decreases due to the residual relative accumulation of aromatic and aliphatic compounds (which are hydrolized later) and entombment of the necromass. Ultimately, incompletely decomposed plant residues will have 1%-2.5% more energy per C unit than the initial litter. The linear decrease in energy density of a broad range of organic substances by 106 kJ mol
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carboxylic Acids ; Plants/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; Soil Microbiology
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Carboxylic Acids ; Soil ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16071
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Article: From energy to (soil organic) matter

Gunina, Anna / Kuzyakov, Yakov

Global change biology. 2022 Apr., v. 28, no. 7

2022

Abstract	In this concept paper, we propose a new view on soil organic matter (SOM) formation: microorganisms use most of the organics entering the soil as energy rather than as a source of carbon (C), while SOM accumulates as a residual by‐product because the microbial energy investment in its decomposition exceeds the energy gain. During the initial stages of decomposition, the nominal oxidation state of C (NOSC) in remaining litter decreases, and the energy content increases. This reflects the rapid mineralization of available compounds with positive and neutral NOSC (carboxylic acids, sugars, some amino acids). Consequently, the NOSC of the remaining compounds drops to −0.3 units, and the oxidation rate decreases due to the residual relative accumulation of aromatic and aliphatic compounds (which are hydrolized later) and entombment of the necromass. Ultimately, incompletely decomposed plant residues will have 1%–2.5% more energy per C unit than the initial litter. The linear decrease in energy density of a broad range of organic substances by 106 kJ mol⁻¹ C per NOSC unit upon oxidation is supported by experimental data on litter decomposition. Preferential recycling of energy‐rich reduced (lipids, aromatics, certain amino acids, amino sugars) and the microbial degradation of oxidized compounds (carboxylic acids) also energetically enrich SOM. Despite the high energy content, the availability of energy stored in SOM is lower than in litter. This explains why SOM is not fully mineralized (thermodynamically unfavorable), especially in the absence of plant C to provide new energy (e.g., in bare soil). Energy from litter activates decomposers to mine nutrients stored in SOM (the main ecological function of priming effects) because the nutrient content in SOM is 2–5 times higher than that of litter. This results in only 0.4%–5% year⁻¹ of litter‐derived C being sequestered in SOM, whereas SOM stores 1%–10% year⁻¹ of the total litter‐derived energy. Thus, the energy captured by photosynthesis is the main reason why microorganisms utilize organic matter, whereby SOM is merely a residual by‐product of nutrient storage and a mediator of energy fluxes.
Keywords	aromatic compounds ; biodegradation ; byproducts ; carbon ; ecological function ; energy density ; global change ; mineralization ; necromass ; nutrient content ; oxidation ; photosynthesis ; soil ; soil organic matter ; thermodynamics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 2169-2182.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16071
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Decoupled response of microbial taxa and functions to nutrients: The role of stoichiometry in plantations.

Qiang, Wei / Gunina, Anna / Kuzyakov, Yakov / Liu, Qinghua / Pang, Xueyong

Journal of environmental management

2024 Volume 356, Page(s) 120574

Abstract: The resource quantity and elemental stoichiometry play pivotal roles in shaping belowground biodiversity. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the influence of different plant communities established through monoculture plantations on ... ...

Abstract	The resource quantity and elemental stoichiometry play pivotal roles in shaping belowground biodiversity. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the influence of different plant communities established through monoculture plantations on soil fungi and bacteria's taxonomic and functional dynamics. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the regulation and adaptation of microbial communities at the taxonomic and functional levels in response to communities formed over 34 years through monoculture plantations of coniferous species (Japanese larch, Armand pine, and Chinese pine), deciduous forest species (Katsura), and natural shrubland species (Asian hazel and Liaotung oak) in the temperate climate. The taxonomic and functional classifications of fungi and bacteria were examined for the mineral topsoil (0-10 cm) using MiSeq-sequencing and annotation tools of microorganisms (FAPROTAX and Funguild). Soil bacterial (6.52 ± 0.15) and fungal (4.46 ± 0.12) OTUs' diversity and richness (5.83*10
MeSH term(s)	Soil Microbiology ; Forests ; Biodiversity ; Soil ; Bacteria/genetics ; Nutrients ; Pinus
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120574
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Article ; Online: Microbial strategies for phosphorus acquisition in rice paddies under contrasting water regimes: Multiple source tracing by

Wang, Chaoqun / Dippold, Michaela A / Kuzyakov, Yakov / Dorodnikov, Maxim

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 918, Page(s) 170738

Abstract: Microbial acquisition and utilization of organic and mineral phosphorus (P) sources in paddy soils are strongly dependent on redox environment and remain the key to understand P turnover and allocation for cell compound synthesis. Using ... ...

Abstract	Microbial acquisition and utilization of organic and mineral phosphorus (P) sources in paddy soils are strongly dependent on redox environment and remain the key to understand P turnover and allocation for cell compound synthesis. Using double
MeSH term(s)	Oryza/metabolism ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Water/analysis ; Soil ; Phospholipids ; Iron/analysis ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; Soil Pollutants/analysis
Chemical Substances	Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Soil ; Phospholipids ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases (EC 3.1.3.2) ; Soil Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170738
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Article: Integrating Aquatic and Terrestrial Perspectives to Improve Insights Into Organic Matter Cycling at the Landscape Scale

Kayler, Zachary / Gessler, Arthur / Gessner, Mark O. / Griebler, Christian / Hilt, Sabine / Kuzyakov, Yakov / Reichstein, Markus / Totsche, Kai Uwe / Tranvik, Lars J.

Frontiers in Earth Science, 7:127

2019

Abstract: Across a landscape, aquatic-terrestrial interfaces within and between ecosystems are hotspots of organic matter (OM) mineralization. These interfaces are characterized by sharp spatio-temporal changes in environmental conditions, which affect OM ... ...

Institution	Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei
Abstract	Across a landscape, aquatic-terrestrial interfaces within and between ecosystems are hotspots of organic matter (OM) mineralization. These interfaces are characterized by sharp spatio-temporal changes in environmental conditions, which affect OM properties and thus control OM mineralization and other transformation processes. Consequently, the extent of OM movement at and across aquatic-terrestrial interfaces is crucial in determining OM turnover and carbon (C) cycling at the landscape scale. Here, we propose expanding current concepts in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem sciences to comprehensively evaluate OM turnover at the landscape scale. We focus on three main concepts toward explaining OM turnover at the landscape scale: the landscape spatio-temporal context, OM turnover described by priming and ecological stoichiometry, and anthropogenic effects as a disruptor of natural OM transfer magnitudes and pathways. A conceptual framework is introduced that allows for discussing the disparities in spatial and temporal scales of OM transfer, changes in environmental conditions, ecosystem connectivity, and microbial–substrate interactions. The potential relevance of priming effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems is addressed. For terrestrial systems, we hypothesize that the interplay between the influx of OM, its corresponding elemental composition, and the elemental demand of the microbial communities may alleviate spatial and metabolic thresholds. In comparison, substrate level OM dynamics may be substantially different in aquatic systems due to matrix effects that accentuate the role of abiotic conditions, substrate quality, and microbial community dynamics. We highlight the disproportionate impact anthropogenic activities can have on OM cycling across the landscape. This includes reversing natural OM flows through the landscape, disrupting ecosystem connectivity, and nutrient additions that cascade across the landscape. This knowledge is crucial for a better understanding of OM cycling in a landscape context, in particular since terrestrial and aquatic compartments may respond differently to the ongoing changes in climate, land use, and other anthropogenic interferences.
Keywords	anthropogenic interferences ; aquatic-terrestrial interfaces ; ecological stoichiometry ; organic matter mineralization ; landscape connectivity ; priming effects
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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