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  1. Article ; Online: Multifaceted Physiological Roles of Adiponectin in Inflammation and Diseases

    Hyung Muk Choi / Hari Madhuri Doss / Kyoung Soo Kim

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 4, p

    2020  Volume 1219

    Abstract: Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its ... ...

    Abstract Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, decreased serum levels of adiponectin is associated with chronic inflammation of metabolic disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. However, recent studies showed that adiponectin could have pro-inflammatory roles in patients with autoimmune diseases. In particular, its high serum level was positively associated with inflammation severity and pathological progression in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, adiponectin seems to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This indirectly indicates that adiponectin has different physiological roles according to an isoform and effector tissue. Knowledge on the specific functions of isoforms would help develop potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics to target specific adiponectin isoforms against metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current roles of adiponectin in metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases.
    Keywords adiponectin ; adiponectin isoform ; pro-inflammatory ; anti-inflammatory ; rheumatoid arthritis ; chronic kidney disease (ckd) ; inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610 ; 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Analysis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as an Optimal Preventive Care Strategy for Hemophilia Patients

    Mi Kyung Lee / Minwoo Hwang / Hyunjoo Oh / Kyoung Soo Kim

    BioMed Research International, Vol

    2020  Volume 2020

    Abstract: Introduction. Medical improvements have allowed hemophilia patients to anticipate an increased quality of life and life expectancy similar to that of the general population. Analysis of the potential disease symptoms of hemophilia patients based on a ... ...

    Abstract Introduction. Medical improvements have allowed hemophilia patients to anticipate an increased quality of life and life expectancy similar to that of the general population. Analysis of the potential disease symptoms of hemophilia patients based on a survey of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is important for optimal preventive care and adjunctive therapy to avoid life-threating complications. Aim. To predict potential disease symptoms from the viewpoint of SCM as a preventive care strategy for hemophilia patients. Methods. Sixty-one hemophilia patients responded to a survey on Sasang constitutional classification, hemophilia disease pattern, and original symptoms. Results. In terms of SCM type, the 61 of hemophilia patients included 37 Tae-Eum (60.7%), 18 So-Yang (29.5%), and 6 So-Eum (12.5%). Hemophilia was found to be higher in Tae-Eum type and lower in So-Yang and So-Eum types, while considering the distributional rate of Korean Sasang types. Most of the patients with Tae-Eum type had Joyeol or Ganyeol. Furthermore, the incidences of diabetes and high blood pressure were greater in Tae-Eum type than in those of other types. Conclusion. In order to increase the quality of life and overall life expectancy, hemophilia patients with Tae-Eum type should be treated through management according to SCM along with medicine against hemophilia as long-term preventive care. Diabetes and high blood pressure should be regularly monitored in patients with Tae-Eum type.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Understanding Viral Infection Mechanisms and Patient Symptoms for the Development of COVID-19 Therapeutics

    Hyung Muk Choi / Soo Youn Moon / Hyung In Yang / Kyoung Soo Kim

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4, p

    2021  Volume 1737

    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate of 2.2%. However, there are no licensed drugs or definitive treatment strategies for patients with severe COVID-19. Only antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs are used as symptomatic treatments based on clinician experience. Basic medical researchers are also trying to develop COVID-19 therapeutics. However, there is limited systematic information about the pathogenesis of COVID-19 symptoms that cause tissue damage or death and the mechanisms by which the virus infects and replicates in cells. Here, we introduce recent knowledge of time course changes in viral titers, delayed virus clearance, and persistent systemic inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. Based on the concept of drug reposition, we review which antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs can effectively treat COVID-19 patients based on progressive symptoms and the mechanisms inhibiting virus infection and replication.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; ACE2 ; TMPRSS2 ; camostat mesilate ; immunomodulation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways

    Ji Yeon Ryu / Hyung Muk Choi / Hyung-In Yang / Kyoung Soo Kim

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 6887, p

    Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link

    2020  Volume 6887

    Abstract: Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated ... ...

    Abstract Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome–muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.
    Keywords sarcopenic obesity ; AMPK signaling pathway ; PGC-1α signaling pathway ; aging ; insulin resistance ; inflammation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Expression dynamics of integrin α2, α3, and αV upon osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

    Hyun Min Lee / Se-Ri Seo / Jeeseung Kim / Min Kyu Kim / Hyosun Seo / Kyoung Soo Kim / Young-Joo Jang / Chun Jeih Ryu

    Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 17

    Abstract: Abstract Background The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoblasts (OBs) is a prerequisite for bone formation. However, little is known about the definitive surface markers for OBs during osteogenesis. Methods To study the ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoblasts (OBs) is a prerequisite for bone formation. However, little is known about the definitive surface markers for OBs during osteogenesis. Methods To study the surface markers on OBs, we generated and used monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against surface molecules on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated cancer cells. The generated MAbs were further selected toward expression changes on hMSCs cultured with TGF-β1/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) by flow cytometry. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed to identify target antigens of selected MAbs. Expression changes of the target antigens were evaluated in hMSCs, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry. hMSCs were also sorted by the MAbs using magnetic-activated cell sorting system, and osteogenic potential of sorted cells was evaluated via Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and qPCR. Results The binding reactivity of MR14-E5, one of the MAbs, was downregulated in hMSCs with ODM while the binding reactivity of ER7-A7, ER7-A8, and MR1-B1 MAbs was upregulated. Mass spectrometry and overexpression identified that MR14-E5, ER7-A7/ER7-A8, and MR1-B1 recognized integrin α2, α3, and αV, respectively. Upon osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, the expression of integrin α2 was drastically downregulated, but the expression of integrin α3 and αV was upregulated in accordance with upregulation of osteogenic markers. Expression of integrin α3 and αV was also upregulated in hPDLCs and hDPCs during osteogenic differentiation. Cell sorting showed that integrin αV-high hMSCs have a greater osteogenic potential than integrin αV-low hMSCs upon the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Cell sorting further revealed that the surface expression of integrin αV is more ...
    Keywords Human mesenchymal stem cells ; Osteoblasts ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Osteogenic differentiation ; Integrin αV ; Integrin α3 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Overview on relative importance of house dust ingestion in human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): International comparison and Korea as a case

    Kim, Seung-Kyu / Kyoung-Soo Kim / Hee Hong Sang

    Science of the total environment. 2016,

    2016  

    Abstract: Human exposure studies to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have reached different results about the relative importance of diet intake and house dust ingestion. In the present study, concentrations of PBDEs in Korean house dust (n=15) from ... ...

    Abstract Human exposure studies to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have reached different results about the relative importance of diet intake and house dust ingestion. In the present study, concentrations of PBDEs in Korean house dust (n=15) from geographically different cities were measured, which were in agreement with a previous result, and compared with those for 22 countries of five continents collected from the most recent scientific literature. Compared with other exposure pathways, diet intake was the most important contributor to total PBDEs exposure of Korean adults (i.e., 71% of overall intake). On global comparison, total PBDE levels in house dust differed by two to three orders of magnitude among the countries investigated, with a significant relationship with gross domestic product (GDP). Whereas, dietary daily intakes exhibited a narrow difference within one order of magnitude worldwide and no relationship with GDP. Consequently, the relative importance of major two pathways depended on the contamination extent of PBDEs in house dust, which may be associated with the amount of PBDE products in use. In most countries except for UK and USA, the contribution of house dust ingestion was less important than diet intake in the current and are expected to much more mitigate in the future. However, how fast the effect of regulation will be reflected to house dust and human exposure is necessary to be monitored steadily.
    Keywords adults ; cities ; diet ; dust ; exposure pathways ; gross domestic product ; humans ; ingestion ; polybrominated diphenyl ethers ; Korean Peninsula ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Language English
    Size p. .
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.068
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Continentalic Acid Rather Than Kaurenoic Acid Is Responsible for the Anti-Arthritic Activity of Manchurian Spikenard In Vitro and In Vivo

    Riwon Hong / Kyoung Soo Kim / Gwang Muk Choi / Mijung Yeom / Bombi Lee / Sanghyun Lee / Ki Sung Kang / Hyang Sook Lee / Hi-Joon Park / Dae-Hyun Hahm

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 21, p

    2019  Volume 5488

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the active compound responsible for the pharmacological activities of Manchurian spikenard ( Aralia continentalis Kitag.). Interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human chondrocytes and monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the active compound responsible for the pharmacological activities of Manchurian spikenard ( Aralia continentalis Kitag.). Interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human chondrocytes and monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritic rats were treated with the 50% ethanolic extract of spikenard or its major components, such as continentalic acid (ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid) and kaurenoic acid (ent-kaura-16-en-19-oic acid). The spikenard extract significantly inhibited IL-1β-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-8, metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-13, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and prostaglandin(PG)E2 in a dose-dependent manner but not MMP-3 production. The extract also inhibited the IL-1β-induced translocation of NF-κB/p65 into the nucleus and dose-dependent phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Continentalic acid exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity corresponding exactly to that of the extract containing an equivalent amount of continentalic acid. On the other hand, kaurenoic acid exhibited a compatible activity at about a 10-times higher molar concentration than that of continentalic acid. In vitro anti-arthritic activities of the spikenard extract and continentalic acid were also confirmed in MIA-induced osteoarthritic rats. The 50% ethanolic extract of Manchurian spikenard exhibited promising anti-arthritic activities in the in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritis models, and continentalic acid, not kaurenoic acid, was most probably responsible for those activities.
    Keywords continentalic acid ; manchurian spikenard ; osteoarthritis ; chondrocyte ; monoiodoacetate ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Low–Moderate Dose Ionizing Radiation in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

    Sujin Kim / Yunkwon Nam / Chanyang Kim / Hyewon Lee / Seojin Hong / Hyeon Soo Kim / Soo Jung Shin / Yong Ho Park / Han Ngoc Mai / Sang-Muk Oh / Kyoung Soo Kim / Doo-Han Yoo / Weon Kuu Chung / Hyunju Chung / Minho Moon

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 3678, p

    2020  Volume 3678

    Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The neuropathological features of AD include amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation. Although several clinical trials have been conducted to identify a cure for AD, ...

    Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The neuropathological features of AD include amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation. Although several clinical trials have been conducted to identify a cure for AD, no effective drug or treatment has been identified thus far. Recently, the potential use of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or treat AD has gained attention. Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) is a non-pharmacological intervention which is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for AD patients. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of LDIR therapy have not yet been established. In this study, we examined the effect of LDIR on Aβ accumulation and Aβ-mediated pathology. To investigate the short-term effects of low–moderate dose ionizing radiation (LMDIR), a total of 9 Gy (1.8 Gy per fraction for five times) were radiated to 4-month-old 5XFAD mice, an Aβ-overexpressing transgenic mouse model of AD, and then sacrificed at 4 days after last exposure to LMDIR. Comparing sham-exposed and LMDIR-exposed 5XFAD mice indicated that short-term exposure to LMDIR did not affect Aβ accumulation in the brain, but significantly ameliorated synaptic degeneration, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex. In addition, a direct neuroprotective effect was confirmed in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells treated with Aβ 1–42 (2 μM) after single irradiation (1 Gy). In BV-2 microglial cells exposed to Aβ and/or LMDIR, LMDIR therapy significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. These results indicate that LMDIR directly ameliorated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our findings suggest that the therapeutic benefits of LMDIR in AD may be mediated by its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Keywords Alzheimer’s disease ; low-moderate dose ionizing radiation ; radiotherapy ; 5XFAD mice ; neurodegeneration ; neuroinflammation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Ultimate limit in size and performance of WSe2 vertical diodes

    Ghazanfar Nazir / Hakseong Kim / Jihwan Kim / Kyoung Soo Kim / Dong Hoon Shin / Muhammad Farooq Khan / Dong Su Lee / Jun Yeon Hwang / Chanyong Hwang / Junho Suh / Jonghwa Eom / Suyong Jung

    Nature Communications, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 9

    Abstract: Vertical charge transport through homogeneous WSe2 layers can be effectively tuned by the layer number and contacting metals deposited. Here, the authors report WSe2 vertical diodes with superior device performance characteristics based on variable WSe2 ... ...

    Abstract Vertical charge transport through homogeneous WSe2 layers can be effectively tuned by the layer number and contacting metals deposited. Here, the authors report WSe2 vertical diodes with superior device performance characteristics based on variable WSe2 thickness and gadolinium and platinum contact metals.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: An Investigation on the Therapeutic Effect of Thymosin β4 and Its Expression Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

    Kyung Sook Cho / Dong-Jin Kim / Bomee Shim / Jung Yeon Kim / Jun Mo Kang / Seon Hwa Park / Sang-Ho Lee / Hyung-In Yang / Kyoung Soo Kim

    BioMed Research International, Vol

    2018  Volume 2018

    Abstract: Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) treatment was known to show the potential therapeutic effects on diabetic complications. This study was performed to determine if Tβ4 expression is changed in both serum and tissues under diabetic conditions and can be a serum biomarker. ...

    Abstract Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) treatment was known to show the potential therapeutic effects on diabetic complications. This study was performed to determine if Tβ4 expression is changed in both serum and tissues under diabetic conditions and can be a serum biomarker. Type 1 diabetic mice were induced in C57/BL6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. The mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks after STZ injection. Tissues and plasmas were obtained to determine the expression levels of Tβ4 using ELISA, real time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. The average serum glucose level was increased to approximately 400 mg/dL beginning 2 weeks after the five injections of STZ and lasting for at least 13 weeks until sacrifice. The plasma and tissue levels of Tβ4 in the age-matched control mice were not significantly different from those of the diabetic mice. In conclusion, the Tβ4 expression level in the plasmas and tissues of diabetic mice was not affected by diabetic conditions. It indirectly suggests that the therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on diabetic complications is due to its regenerative effects on damaged tissue but not to the changed expression level of Tβ4 in plasma and tissues of diabetes.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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