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Article ; Online: Atherosclerotic and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: From Molecular Basis to Therapeutic Advances.

Kassi, Eva / Kyrou, Ioannis / Randeva, Harpal S

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 11

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still remain the major cause of death worldwide; however, CVD-related mortality has been reduced due to lifestyle modification interventions, as well as novel pharmacological therapies and advances in cardiovascular surgery ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still remain the major cause of death worldwide; however, CVD-related mortality has been reduced due to lifestyle modification interventions, as well as novel pharmacological therapies and advances in cardiovascular surgery [...].
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Risk Factors ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Metabolic Diseases/therapy ; Metabolic Diseases/complications ; Atherosclerosis/therapy ; Atherosclerosis/complications ; Behavior Therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24119737
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Article ; Online: Designer GLP1 poly-agonist peptides in the management of diabesity.

Statham, Laura / Pelling, Melina / Hanson, Petra / Kyrou, Ioannis / Randeva, Harpal / Barber, Thomas M

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

2023 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 231–240

Abstract: Introduction: To date, the 21: Areas covered: A PubMed search of published data on the GLP1PP class of therapies was conducted. The gut-brain axis forms complex multi-directional interlinks that include autonomic nervous signaling, components of the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: To date, the 21 Areas covered: A PubMed search of published data on the GLP1PP class of therapies was conducted. The gut-brain axis forms complex multi-directional interlinks that include autonomic nervous signaling, components of the gut microbiota (including metabolic by-products and gram-negative cell wall components [e.g. endotoxinaemia]), and incretin hormones that are secreted from the gut in response to the ingestion of nutrients. The development of dual-incretin agonist therapies includes combinations of the GLP1 peptide with Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP), Glucagon (Gcg), Cholecystokinin (CCK), Peptide YY (PYY), and Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 (GLP2). Triple incretin agonist therapies are also under development. Expert opinion: At the dawn of a new era in the therapeutic management of diabesity, the designer GLP1PP class holds great promise, with each novel combination building on a preexisting palimpsest of clinical data and insights. Future innovations of the GLP1PP class will likely enable medically induced weight loss and glycemic control in diabesity to rival or even out-perform those resulting from bariatric surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/pharmacology ; Incretins/therapeutic use ; Incretins/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Glucagon/therapeutic use ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Incretins ; Glucagon (9007-92-5) ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (59392-49-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1744-8417
ISSN (online)	1744-8417
DOI	10.1080/17446651.2023.2204976
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Article ; Online: The effect of online and in-person team-based learning (TBL) on undergraduate endocrinology teaching during COVID-19 pandemic.

Anas, Shafeena / Kyrou, Ioannis / Rand-Weaver, Mariann / Karteris, Emmanouil

BMC medical education

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 120

Abstract: Background: Team-based learning (TBL) combines active and collaborative learning, while incorporating aspects of the flipped classroom approach and problem-based learning. The COVID-19 pandemic presented certain challenges in the delivery of TBL in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Team-based learning (TBL) combines active and collaborative learning, while incorporating aspects of the flipped classroom approach and problem-based learning. The COVID-19 pandemic presented certain challenges in the delivery of TBL in class. In this study, we investigated the impact of TBL on the academic performance of final year Biomedical Sciences' undergraduate students in the context of an "Endocrine Disorders" study block. We did so by comparing the classical in-person approach and online delivery due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A non-compulsory TBL session was introduced to the curriculum of this block, which followed the traditional 2-h lecture delivery. Comparative analysis was performed for the exam and coursework performance of students who attended the TBL sessions (online and in-person) and those that did not. Results: Both cohorts of students who attended either in-person (n = 66) or online TBL sessions (n = 109) performed significantly better in their exams (p < 0.05) and a related coursework (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) when compared to those that did not attend. For both these cohorts the exam mark distribution was much narrower compared to those that did not attend the TBL sessions where the majority of fails and "no shows" were recorded. Conclusions: Online and in-person TBL, can successfully supplement traditional lecture-based teaching and enhance the learning/performance, for complex medical subjects/topics. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to deliver these sessions online with demonstrable benefit for students suggesting that there is greater flexibility in the use of TBL in higher education.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Educational Measurement ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Problem-Based Learning ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Students
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044473-4
ISSN	1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
ISSN (online)	1472-6920
ISSN	1472-6920
DOI	10.1186/s12909-022-03173-5
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Article ; Online: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) circulating levels and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Leca, Bianca M / Kite, Chris / Lagojda, Lukasz / Davasgaium, Allan / Dallaway, Alex / Chatha, Kamaljit Kaur / Randeva, Harpal S / Kyrou, Ioannis

Frontiers in public health

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 1348970

Abstract: Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition where diabetes is diagnosed during pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal outcomes. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a circulating adipokine which belongs to the lipocalin ...

Abstract	Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition where diabetes is diagnosed during pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal outcomes. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a circulating adipokine which belongs to the lipocalin family and acts as a specific carrier protein that delivers retinol (vitamin A) from the liver to the peripheral tissues. Growing data indicate that circulating RBP4 levels may positively correlate with GDM. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the potential relationship between circulating RBP4 levels and GDM when measured at various stages of pregnancy. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMCARE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies comparing pregnant women with and without GDM, whose circulating RBP4 levels were measured in at least one pregnancy trimester. Findings were reported using standardized mean difference (SMD) and random-effects models were used to account for variability among studies. Furthermore, the risk of bias was assessed using the RoBANS tool. Results: Out of the 34 studies identified, 32 were included in the meta-analysis (seven with circulating RBP4 levels measured in the first trimester, 19 at 24-28 weeks, and 14 at >28 weeks of pregnancy). RBP4 levels were statistically higher in the GDM group than in controls when measured during all these pregnancy stages, with the noted RBP4 SMD being 0.322 in the first trimester (95% CI: 0.126-0.517; Conclusion: The present findings indicate consistently higher circulating RBP4 levels in GDM cases compared to non-GDM controls, suggesting the potential relevance of RBP4 as a biomarker for GDM. However, the documented substantial study heterogeneity, alongside imprecision in effect estimates, underscores the need for further research and standardization of measurement methods to elucidate whether RBP4 can be utilized in clinical practice as a potential GDM biomarker. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022340097: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022340097).
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis ; Prenatal Care ; Biomarkers ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; RBP4 protein, human ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2024.1348970
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and diabetes: No time to drag our feet during an untimely pandemic.

Kyrou, Ioannis / Robbins, Tim / Randeva, Harpal S

Journal of diabetes and its complications

2020 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 107621

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1105840-7
ISSN	1873-460X ; 1056-8727
ISSN (online)	1873-460X
ISSN	1056-8727
DOI	10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107621
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and diabetes: No time to drag our feet during an untimely pandemic.

Kyrou, Ioannis / Robbins, Tim / Randeva, Harpal S

Journal of diabetes and its complications

2020 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 107621

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Diabetic Foot/diagnosis ; Diabetic Foot/epidemiology ; Diabetic Foot/therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1105840-7
ISSN	1873-460X ; 1056-8727
ISSN (online)	1873-460X
ISSN	1056-8727
DOI	10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107621
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Article ; Online: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Obesity with Associated Metabolic Abnormalities and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Barber, Thomas M / Kyrou, Ioannis / Randeva, Harpal S / Weickert, Martin O

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 2

Abstract: Obesity mediates most of its direct medical sequelae through the development of insulin resistance (IR). The cellular effects of insulin occur through two main postreceptor pathways that are the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the mitogen- ... ...

Abstract	Obesity mediates most of its direct medical sequelae through the development of insulin resistance (IR). The cellular effects of insulin occur through two main postreceptor pathways that are the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP-K) pathways. Obesity-related IR implicates the PI3-K pathway that confers the metabolic effects of insulin. Numerous and complex pathogenic pathways link obesity with the development of IR, including chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction (with the associated production of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress), gut microbiota dysbiosis and adipose extracellular matrix remodelling. IR itself plays a key role in the development of metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia and dysglycaemia. Furthermore, IR promotes weight gain related to secondary hyperinsulinaemia, with a resulting vicious cycle of worsening IR and its metabolic sequelae. Ultimately, IR underlies obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). IR also underlies many obesity-related malignancies, through the effects of compensatory hyperinsulinaemia on the relatively intact MAP-K insulin pathway, which controls cellular growth processes and mitoses. Furthermore, the emergent data over recent decades support an important role of obesity- and T2D-related central IR in the development of cognitive dysfunction, including effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Importantly, IR is largely reversible through the optimisation of lifestyle factors that include regular engagement in physical activity with the avoidance of sedentariness, improved diet including increased fibre intake and sleep sufficiency. IR lies at the key crossroad between obesity and both metabolic and cognitive dysfunction. Given the importance of IR in the pathogenesis of many 21st century chronic diseases and its eminent reversibility, it is important that we all embrace and facilitate optimised lifestyles to improve the future health and wellbeing of the populace.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/pathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/genetics ; Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism ; Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics ; Obesity/genetics ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/pathology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
Chemical Substances	Insulin ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (EC 2.7.1.137) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22020546
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Article ; Online: Not only ACE2-the quest for additional host cell mediators of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) as a novel SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry mediator implicated in COVID-19.

Kyrou, Ioannis / Randeva, Harpal S / Spandidos, Demetrios A / Karteris, Emmanouil

Signal transduction and targeted therapy

2021 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Neuropilin-1/genetics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Internalization
Chemical Substances	Neuropilin-1 (144713-63-3) ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2886872-9
ISSN	2059-3635 ; 2095-9907
ISSN (online)	2059-3635
ISSN	2095-9907
DOI	10.1038/s41392-020-00460-9
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Article ; Online: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management.

Bellary, Srikanth / Kyrou, Ioannis / Brown, James E / Bailey, Clifford J

Nature reviews. Endocrinology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) 534–548

Abstract: The past 50 years have seen a growing ageing population with an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); now, nearly half of all individuals with diabetes mellitus are older adults (aged ≥65 years). Older adults with T2DM present ... ...

Abstract	The past 50 years have seen a growing ageing population with an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); now, nearly half of all individuals with diabetes mellitus are older adults (aged ≥65 years). Older adults with T2DM present particularly difficult challenges. For example, the accentuated heterogeneity of these patients, the potential presence of multiple comorbidities, the increased susceptibility to hypoglycaemia, the increased dependence on care and the effect of frailty all add to the complexity of managing diabetes mellitus in this age group. In this Review, we offer an update on the key pathophysiological mechanisms associated with T2DM in older people. We then evaluate new evidence relating particularly to the effects of frailty and sarcopenia, the clinical difficulties of age-associated comorbidities, and the implications for existing guidelines and therapeutic options. Our conclusions will focus on the effect of T2DM on an ageing society.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/physiology ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Frailty/complications ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Frailty/therapy ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sarcopenia/complications ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology ; Sarcopenia/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2489381-X
ISSN	1759-5037 ; 1759-5029
ISSN (online)	1759-5037
ISSN	1759-5029
DOI	10.1038/s41574-021-00512-2
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Zs.A 6336: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic (metabolic associated) fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD).

Flessa, Christina-Maria / Kyrou, Ioannis / Nasiri-Ansari, Narjes / Kaltsas, Gregory / Kassi, Eva / Randeva, Harpal S

Journal of cellular biochemistry

2022 Volume 123, Issue 10, Page(s) 1585–1606

Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and is strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and other metabolic syndrome features. NAFLD is becoming ...

Abstract	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and is strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and other metabolic syndrome features. NAFLD is becoming increasingly prevalent and currently constitutes the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the term metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed reflecting more accurately the underlying pathogenesis and the cardiometabolic disorders associated to NAFLD/MAFLD. Given the vital metabolic functions of the liver to maintain the body homeostasis, an extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network is mandatory in hepatocytes to retain its capacity to adapt to the multiple extracellular and intracellular signals mediating metabolic changes. Dysfunction of hepatocyte ER homeostasis and disturbance of its interaction with mitochondria have been recognized to be involved in the NAFLD pathophysiology. Apart from hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells have been shown to play an important role in the occurrence of NAFLD and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with possibly different roles in the different stages of the NAFLD spectrum. Furthermore, excess lipid accumulation in the liver causes lipotoxicity which interacts with ER stress and culminates in inflammation and hepatocellular damage, mechanisms crucially implicated in NASH pathogenesis. Finally, the circadian clock machinery regulates ER stress-related pathways and vice versa, thus controlling the homeostasis of the liver metabolism and being implicated in the NAFLD progression. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge supporting the impact of ER stress signaling on NAFLD, whilst summarizing potential therapeutic interventions targeting this process.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Liver/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	392402-6
ISSN	1097-4644 ; 0730-2312
ISSN (online)	1097-4644
ISSN	0730-2312
DOI	10.1002/jcb.30247
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