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Article ; Online: Advanced GIS and RS Applications for Soil and Land Degradation Assessment and Mapping

László Pásztor

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 3, p

2021 Volume 128

Abstract: Land refers to the planet’s surface not covered by seas, lakes or rivers, but by different types of vegetation (e [.] ...

Abstract	Land refers to the planet’s surface not covered by seas, lakes or rivers, but by different types of vegetation (e [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cropland Productivity Evaluation

Nándor Csikós / Brigitta Szabó / Tamás Hermann / Annamária Laborczi / Judit Matus / László Pásztor / Gábor Szatmári / Katalin Takács / Gergely Tóth

Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 1236, p

A 100 m Resolution Country Assessment Combining Earth Observation and Direct Measurements

2023 Volume 1236

Abstract: A methodology is presented for the quantitative assessment of soil biomass productivity at 100 m spatial resolution on a national scale. The traditional land evaluation approach—where crop yield is the dependent variable—was followed using measured yield ...

Abstract	A methodology is presented for the quantitative assessment of soil biomass productivity at 100 m spatial resolution on a national scale. The traditional land evaluation approach—where crop yield is the dependent variable—was followed using measured yield and net primary productivity data derived from satellite images, together with digital soil and climate maps. In addition to characterizing of soil biomass productivity based on measured data, the weight of soil properties on productivity was also quantified to provide measured soil health and soil quality indicators as an information base for designing sustainable land management practices. To produce these results, we used only the Random Forest method for our calculations. The study considers high-input agriculture, which is predominant in the country. Biomass productivity indices for the main crops (wheat, maize and sunflowers) and general productivity indices were calculated for the whole agricultural area of Hungary. Results can be implemented in cadastral systems, in applied in agricultural and rural development programs. The assessment can be repeated for monitoring purposes to support general monitoring objectives as well as for reporting in relation to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, on the basis of the results, we also propose a method for periodically updating the assessment, which can also be used for monitoring biomass productivity in the context of climate change, land degradation and the development of cultivation technology.
Keywords	random forest ; land evaluation ; soil ; biomass ; Hungary ; gross primary productivity ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cropmarks in Aerial Archaeology

Zoltán Czajlik / Mátyás Árvai / János Mészáros / Balázs Nagy / László Rupnik / László Pásztor

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 1126, p

New Lessons from an Old Story

2021 Volume 1126

Abstract: Cropmarks are a major factor in the effectiveness of traditional aerial archaeology. Identified almost 100 years ago, the positive and negative features shown by cropmarks are now well understood, as are the role of the different cultivated plants and ... ...

Abstract	Cropmarks are a major factor in the effectiveness of traditional aerial archaeology. Identified almost 100 years ago, the positive and negative features shown by cropmarks are now well understood, as are the role of the different cultivated plants and the importance of precipitation and other elements of the physical environment. Generations of aerial archaeologists are in possession of empirical knowledge, allowing them to find as many cropmarks as possible every year. However, the essential analyses belong mostly to the predigital period, while the significant growth of datasets in the last 30 years could open a new chapter. This is especially true in the case of Hungary, as scholars believe it to be one of the most promising cropmark areas in Europe. The characteristics of soil formed of Late Quaternary alluvial sediments are intimately connected to the young geological/geomorphological background. The predictive soil maps elaborated within the framework of renewed data on Hungarian soil spatial infrastructure use legacy, together with recent remote sensing imagery. Based on the results from three study areas investigated, analyses using statistical methods (the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Random Forest tests) showed a different relative predominance of pedological variables in each study area. The geomorphological differences between the study areas explain these variations satisfactorily.
Keywords	cropmarks ; empirical knowledge ; alluvial sediments ; geomorphological/pedological background ; soil spatial infrastructure ; statistical methods ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatial Assessment of the Effects of Land Cover Change on Soil Erosion in Hungary from 1990 to 2018

István Waltner / Sahar Saeidi / János Grósz / Csaba Centeri / Annamária Laborczi / László Pásztor

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 9, Iss 667, p

2020 Volume 667

Abstract: As soil erosion is still a global threat to soil resources, the estimation of soil loss, particularly at a spatiotemporal setting, is still an existing challenge. The primary aim of our study is the assessment of changes in soil erosion potential in ... ...

Abstract	As soil erosion is still a global threat to soil resources, the estimation of soil loss, particularly at a spatiotemporal setting, is still an existing challenge. The primary aim of our study is the assessment of changes in soil erosion potential in Hungary from 1990 to 2018, induced by the changes in land use and land cover based on CORINE Land Cover data. The modeling scheme included the application and cross-valuation of two internationally applied methods, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA) models. Results indicate that the changes in land cover resulted in a general reduction in predicted erosion rates, by up to 0.28 t/ha/year on average. Analysis has also revealed that the combined application of the two models has reduced the occurrence of extreme predictions, thus, increasing the robustness of the method. Random Forest regression analysis has revealed that the differences between the two models are mainly driven by their sensitivity to slope and land cover, followed by soil parameters. The resulting spatial predictions can be readily applied for qualitative spatial analysis. However, the question of extreme predictions still indicates that quantitative use of the output results should only be carried out with sufficient care.
Keywords	PESERA ; USLE ; soil erosion ; Hungary ; land use and land cover ; CORINE Land Cover ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Elaborating Hungarian Segment of the Global Map of Salt-Affected Soils (GSSmap)

Gábor Szatmári / Zsófia Bakacsi / Annamária Laborczi / Ottó Petrik / Róbert Pataki / Tibor Tóth / László Pásztor

Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 4073, p

National Contribution to an International Initiative

2020 Volume 4073

Abstract: Recently, the Global Map of Salt-affected Soils (GSSmap) was launched, which pursued a country-driven approach and aimed to update the global and country-level information on salt-affected soils (SAS). The aim of this paper was to present how Hungary ... ...

Abstract	Recently, the Global Map of Salt-affected Soils (GSSmap) was launched, which pursued a country-driven approach and aimed to update the global and country-level information on salt-affected soils (SAS). The aim of this paper was to present how Hungary contributed to GSSmap by preparing its own SAS maps using advanced digital soil mapping techniques. We used not just a combination of random forest and multivariate geostatistical techniques for predicting the spatial distribution of SAS indicators (i.e., pH, electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage) for the topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm), but also a number of indices derived from Sentinel-2 satellite images as environmental covariates. The importance plots of random forests showed that in addition to climatic, geomorphometric parameters and legacy soil information, image indices were the most important covariates. The performance of spatial modelling was checked by 10-fold cross validation showing that the accuracy of the SAS maps was acceptable. By this study and by the resulting maps of it, we not just contributed to GSSmap, but also renewed the SAS mapping methodology in Hungary, where we paid special attention to modelling and quantifying the prediction uncertainty that had not been quantified or even taken into consideration earlier.
Keywords	salt-affected soils ; digital soil mapping ; uncertainty assessment ; machine learning ; multivariate geostatistics ; Hungary ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Earth observation and geospatial big data management and engagement of stakeholders in Hungary to support the SDGs

Szabolcs Mihály / Gábor Remetey-Fülöpp / Dániel Kristóf / Anna Czinkóczky / Tamás Palya / László Pásztor / Pál Rudan / György Szabó / László Zentai

Big Earth Data, Vol 0, Iss 0, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 46

Abstract: To support the monitoring and reporting processes during implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, well-developed, commonly recognized Earth observations and geospatial data, methods, innovations, committed professionals, and strong ... ...

Abstract	To support the monitoring and reporting processes during implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, well-developed, commonly recognized Earth observations and geospatial data, methods, innovations, committed professionals, and strong sustainability policies are necessary. This article informs the readers on the Earth observation and geoinformation developments and innovations, and on the engagement of profession, academy and governance to support implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in Hungary. Description, analyses and critical assessments are given on the elements selected from Hungarian sustainable-oriented Earth observation and geospatial novelties: (a) Working Group for Sustainable Development mission and national sustainability-policy, (b) international partnerships, domestic activities and achievements, (c) status of the professional education, (d) spatial databases and services to support implementation of the sustainable development, (e) a case study on the internationally recognized soil geoinformation system, (f) national Earth Observation Information System and perspectives of its applications for monitoring the sustainability. The article conclusion strongly advises the Hungarian realization of (a) institutionalization of the Earth observation and geospatial tools and capacity for sustainable development, (b) their use in integration with statistical data, (c) establishment of national spatial information infrastructure and (d) development and spreading of the use of big data.
Keywords	earth observation ; environment ; gis ; soil ; sustainable development ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Monitoring Invasive Plant Species Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data

Levente Papp / Boudewijn van Leeuwen / Péter Szilassi / Zalán Tobak / József Szatmári / Mátyás Árvai / János Mészáros / László Pásztor

Land, Vol 10, Iss 29, p

2021 Volume 29

Abstract: The species richness and biodiversity of vegetation in Hungary are increasingly threatened by invasive plant species brought in from other continents and foreign ecosystems. These invasive plant species have spread aggressively in the natural and semi- ... ...

Abstract	The species richness and biodiversity of vegetation in Hungary are increasingly threatened by invasive plant species brought in from other continents and foreign ecosystems. These invasive plant species have spread aggressively in the natural and semi-natural habitats of Europe. Common milkweed ( Asclepias syriaca ) is one of the species that pose the greatest ecological menace. Therefore, the primary purpose of the present study is to map and monitor the spread of common milkweed, the most common invasive plant species in Europe. Furthermore, the possibilities to detect and validate this special invasive plant by analyzing hyperspectral remote sensing data were investigated. In combination with field reference data, high-resolution hyperspectral aerial images acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform in 138 spectral bands in areas infected by common milkweed were examined. Then, support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) classification algorithms were applied to the highly accurate field reference data. As a result, common milkweed individuals were distinguished in hyperspectral images, achieving an overall accuracy of 92.95% in the case of supervised SVM classification. Using the ANN model, an overall accuracy of 99.61% was achieved. To evaluate the proposed approach, two experimental tests were conducted, and in both cases, we managed to distinguish the individual specimens within the large variety of spreading invasive species in a study area of 2 ha, based on centimeter spatial resolution hyperspectral UAV imagery.
Keywords	invasive species ; common milkweed ; hyperspectral imaging ; UAV ; artificial neural networks ; SVM classification ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Wind erosion researches in Hungary – past, present and future possibilities

Gábor Négyesi / József Lóki / Botond Buró / Boglárka Bertalan-Balázs / László Pásztor

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, Vol 68, Iss 3, Pp 223-

2019 Volume 240

Abstract: Wind erosion is one of the most important land degradation processes in Hungary in the areas with low yearly precipitation values. The total land area suffering from wind erosion is approximately 10,000 km2, 10 per cent of the country area. Observations ... ...

Abstract	Wind erosion is one of the most important land degradation processes in Hungary in the areas with low yearly precipitation values. The total land area suffering from wind erosion is approximately 10,000 km2, 10 per cent of the country area. Observations and discussions on wind erosion and its negative impacts in Hungary started in the last century. Since the 1950s, scientists investigated wind erosion processes and its role in the evolution of alluvial fans in an integrative way, including laboratory measurements and field observations with respect to the stabilization and utilization of soils in agricultural areas. Since the late 2000s, there is an increasing demand worldwide to characterize the role of climate change and human activities in triggering land degradation processes. Studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanics, causes and control techniques related to wind erosion applying laboratory and field wind tunnel simulation tests and field observations. Some encouraging achievements have been made. In this paper we summarize the main research results of wind erosion research, and put forward some perspectives and suggestions on the problems of wind erosion research and control practices in Hungary.
Keywords	land degradation processes ; soil erosion ; wind erosion ; wind erosion mapping ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Finding the Green Grass in the Haystack? Integrated National Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Condition in Hungary, in Support of Conservation and Planning

Eszter Tanács / Ágnes Vári / Ákos Bede-Fazekas / András Báldi / Edina Csákvári / Anett Endrédi / Veronika Fabók / Lívia Kisné Fodor / Márton Kiss / Péter Koncz / Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki / János Mészáros / László Pásztor / Rita Rezneki / Tibor Standovár / Zita Zsembery / Katalin Török

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 8489, p

2023 Volume 8489

Abstract: Human well-being needs healthy ecosystems, providing multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, the assessment of ecosystems on large scales is a priority action. In Hungary, this work (MAES-HU) took place between 2016 and 2022. Twelve ecosystem services ( ... ...

Abstract	Human well-being needs healthy ecosystems, providing multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, the assessment of ecosystems on large scales is a priority action. In Hungary, this work (MAES-HU) took place between 2016 and 2022. Twelve ecosystem services (ES) were mapped and assessed along with several ecosystem condition (EC) indicators. Their integrated spatial analysis aimed to identify patterns of ES multifunctionality, reveal relationships between EC and ES and delineate ES bundles. The results show outstanding multifunctionality of natural ecosystem types compared with the more artificial types, emphasizing the importance of natural areas in order to fulfil human needs. Native forests provide the most varied range of services, which underlines the importance of forest management to consider multiple services. There is a positive correlation between condition and multifunctionality in forests; areas in better condition (in terms of species composition and structure) provide more services at an outstanding level. ES bundles mainly reflect the major ecosystem types, topography and forest condition. Our analysis represents an example of synthesizing national MAES results with a combination of methods. Finding ES hotspots on a national scale and connecting them with an assessment of EC may help in finding optimal strategies to balance conservation targets and competing land uses.
Keywords	ecosystem services ; ecosystem condition ; national MAES ; multifunctionality ; ecosystem services bundles ; Central Europe ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessing ecosystem condition at the national level in Hungary - indicators, approaches, challenges

Eszter Tanács / Ákos Bede-Fazekas / Anikó Csecserits / Lívia Kisné Fodor / László Pásztor / Imelda Somodi / Tibor Standovár / András Zlinszky / Zita Zsembery / Ágnes Vári

One Ecosystem, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 1-

2022 Volume 35

Abstract: The availability of robust and reliable spatial information on ecosystem condition is of increasing importance in informing conservation policy. Recent policy requirements have sparked a renewed interest in conceptual questions related to ecosystem ... ...

Abstract	The availability of robust and reliable spatial information on ecosystem condition is of increasing importance in informing conservation policy. Recent policy requirements have sparked a renewed interest in conceptual questions related to ecosystem condition and practical aspects like indicator selection, resulting in the emergence of conceptual frameworks, such as the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA) and its Ecosystem Condition Typology (ECT). However, while such frameworks are essential to ensure that condition assessments are comprehensive and comparable, large-scale practical implementation often poses challenges that need to be tackled within stringent time and cost frames.We present methods and experiences of the national-level mapping and assessment of ecosystem condition in Hungary. The assessments covered the whole country, including all major ecosystem types present. The methodology constitutes four approaches of quantifying and mapping condition, based on different interpretations of naturalness and hemeroby, complemented by two more using properties that ‘overarch’ ecosystem types, such as soil and landscape attributes. In order to highlight their strengths and drawbacks, as well as to help reconcile aspects of conceptual relevance with practical limitations, we retrospectively evaluated the six mapping approaches (and the resulting indicators) against the indicator selection criteria suggested in the SEEA-EA. The results show that the various approaches have different strengths and weaknesses and, thus, their joint application has a higher potential to address the specific challenges related to large-scale ecosystem condition mapping.
Keywords	ecosystem condition ; ecosystem condition mapping ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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