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  1. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance between 2020 and 2021 of All Mammalian Species in Two Flemish Zoos (Antwerp Zoo and Planckendael Zoo)

    Léa Joffrin / Tine Cooreman / Erik Verheyen / Francis Vercammen / Joachim Mariën / Herwig Leirs / Sophie Gryseels

    Veterinary Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 382, p

    2023  Volume 382

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of human infections and deaths worldwide. Several other mammal species are also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and multiple instances of transmission from humans to pets, farmed mink, wildlife and zoo animals have ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of human infections and deaths worldwide. Several other mammal species are also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and multiple instances of transmission from humans to pets, farmed mink, wildlife and zoo animals have been recorded. We conducted a systematic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in all mammal species in two zoos in Belgium between September and December 2020 and July 2021, in four sessions, and a targeted surveillance of selected mammal enclosures following SARS-CoV-2 infection in hippopotamuses in December 2021. A total of 1523 faecal samples from 103 mammal species were tested for SARS-CoV-2 via real-time PCR. None of the samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Additional surrogate virus neutralisation tests conducted on 50 routinely collected serum samples from 26 mammal species were all negative. This study is the first to our knowledge to conduct active SARS-CoV-2 surveillance for several months in all mammal species of a zoo. We conclude that at the time of our investigation, none of the screened animals were excreting SARS-CoV-2.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; surveillance ; zoo ; mammals ; Belgium ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Bat pathogens hit the road

    Léa Joffrin / Muriel Dietrich / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e

    But which one?

    2018  Volume 1007134

    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: A population in perpetual motion

    Samantha Aguillon / Gildas Le Minter / Camille Lebarbenchon / Axel O. G. Hoarau / Céline Toty / Léa Joffrin / Riana V. Ramanantsalama / Stéphane Augros / Pablo Tortosa / Patrick Mavingui / Muriel Dietrich

    Ecology and Evolution, Vol 13, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

    Highly dynamic roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic bat

    2023  

    Abstract: Abstract Although island endemic bats are a source of considerable conservation concerns, their biology remains poorly known. Here, we studied the phenology and roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic species: the Reunion free‐tailed bat ( ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Although island endemic bats are a source of considerable conservation concerns, their biology remains poorly known. Here, we studied the phenology and roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic species: the Reunion free‐tailed bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui). This widespread and abundant species occupies various natural and anthropogenic environments such as caves and buildings. We set up fine‐scale monitoring of 19 roosts over 27 months in Reunion Island and analyzed roost size and composition, sexual and age‐associated segregation of individuals, as well as the reproductive phenology and body condition of individuals. Based on extensive data collected from 6721 individuals, we revealed a highly dynamic roosting behavior, with marked seasonal sex‐ratio variation, linked to distinct patterns of sexual aggregation among roosts. Despite the widespread presence of pregnant females all over the island, parturition was localized in a few roosts, and flying juveniles dispersed rapidly toward all studied roosts. Our data also suggested a 7‐month delay between mating and pregnancy, highlighting a likely long interruption of the reproductive cycle in this tropical bat. Altogether, our results suggest a complex social organization in the Reunion free‐tailed bat, with important sex‐specific seasonal and spatial movements, including the possibility of altitudinal migration. Bat tracking and genetic studies would provide additional insights into the behavioral strategies that shape the biology of this enigmatic bat species. The fine‐scale spatiotemporal data revealed by our study will serve to the delineation of effective conservation plans, especially in the context of growing urbanization and agriculture expansion in Reunion Island.
    Keywords Chiroptera ; Molossidae ; reproductive seasonality ; Reunion Island ; sexual segregation ; tropical island bat ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 910 ; 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Astrovirus in Reunion Free-tailed Bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui)

    Léa Joffrin / Axel O. G. Hoarau / Erwan Lagadec / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

    Abstract: AbstractAstroviruses (AstVs) are RNA viruses responsible for infection of a large diversity of avian and mammalian species, including bats, livestock, and humans. We investigated AstV infection in a free-tailed bat species, Mormopterus francoismoutoui, ... ...

    Abstract AbstractAstroviruses (AstVs) are RNA viruses responsible for infection of a large diversity of avian and mammalian species, including bats, livestock, and humans. We investigated AstV infection in a free-tailed bat species, Mormopterus francoismoutoui, endemic to Reunion Island. A total of 190 guano samples were collected in a maternity colony during 19 different sampling sessions, between June 2016 and June 2017. Biological material was tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) gene with a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. In total, 15 guano samples (7.9%) tested positive, with high genetic diversity of the partial RdRp gene sequences among positive samples. A phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the detected viruses were genetically related to AstVs reported in reptiles, dogs, and pigs, but did not cluster with AstVs commonly found in bats. Although more investigation need to be conducted to assess the level of infected bats in the studied population, our findings suggest that Reunion free-tailed bats are exposed to AstV, and that cross-species transmission may occur with other hosts sharing the same habitat.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher biorxiv
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/774224
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article ; Online: Seasonality of coronavirus shedding in tropical bats

    Léa Joffrin / Axel O. G. Hoarau / Erwan Lagadec / Olalla Torrontegi / Marie Köster / Gildas Le Minter / Muriel Dietrich / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

    Royal Society Open Science, Vol 9, Iss

    2022  Volume 2

    Abstract: Anticipating cross-species transmission of zoonotic diseases requires an understanding of pathogen infection dynamics within natural reservoir hosts. Although bats might be a source of coronaviruses (CoVs) for humans, the drivers of infection dynamics in ...

    Abstract Anticipating cross-species transmission of zoonotic diseases requires an understanding of pathogen infection dynamics within natural reservoir hosts. Although bats might be a source of coronaviruses (CoVs) for humans, the drivers of infection dynamics in bat populations have received limited attention. We conducted a fine-scale 2-year longitudinal study of CoV infection dynamics in the largest colony of Reunion free-tailed bats (Mormopterus francoismoutoui), a tropical insectivorous species. Real-time PCR screening of 1080 fresh individual faeces samples collected during the two consecutive years revealed an extreme variation of the detection rate of bats shedding viruses over the birthing season (from 0% to 80%). Shedding pulses were repeatedly observed and occurred both during late pregnancy and within two months after parturition. An additional shedding pulse at the end of the second year suggests some inter-annual variations. We also detected viral RNA in bat guano up to three months after bats had left the cave. Our results highlight the importance of fine-scale longitudinal studies to capture the rapid change of bat CoV infection over months, and that CoV shedding pulses in bats may increase spillover risk.
    Keywords alpha-coronavirus ; disease ecology ; longitudinal study ; Indian Ocean ; Molossidae ; Reunion Island ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Royal Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Bat coronavirus phylogeography in the Western Indian Ocean

    Léa Joffrin / Steven M. Goodman / David A. Wilkinson / Beza Ramasindrazana / Erwan Lagadec / Yann Gomard / Gildas Le Minter / Andréa Dos Santos / M. Corrie Schoeman / Rajendraprasad Sookhareea / Pablo Tortosa / Simon Julienne / Eduardo S. Gudo / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

    Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Bats provide key ecosystem services such as crop pest regulation, pollination, seed dispersal, and soil fertilization. Bats are also major hosts for biological agents responsible for zoonoses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs). The islands of the ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Bats provide key ecosystem services such as crop pest regulation, pollination, seed dispersal, and soil fertilization. Bats are also major hosts for biological agents responsible for zoonoses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs). The islands of the Western Indian Ocean are identified as a major biodiversity hotspot, with more than 50 bat species. In this study, we tested 1,013 bats belonging to 36 species from Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Seychelles, based on molecular screening and partial sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. In total, 88 bats (8.7%) tested positive for coronaviruses, with higher prevalence in Mozambican bats (20.5% ± 4.9%) as compared to those sampled on islands (4.5% ± 1.5%). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a large diversity of α- and β-CoVs and a strong signal of co-evolution between CoVs and their bat host species, with limited evidence for host-switching, except for bat species sharing day roost sites. These results highlight that strong variation between islands does exist and is associated with the composition of the bat species community on each island. Future studies should investigate whether CoVs detected in these bats have a potential for spillover in other hosts.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Bat Astrovirus in Mozambique

    Hoarau, Flora / Gildas Le Minter / Léa Joffrin / M. Corrie Schoeman / Erwan Lagadec / Beza Ramasindrazana / Andréa Dos Santos / Steven M. Goodman / Eduardo S. Gudo / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

    Virology journal. 2018 Dec., v. 15, no. 1

    2018  

    Abstract: Astroviruses (AstVs) are responsible for infection of a large diversity of mammalian and avian species, including bats, aquatic birds, livestock and humans. We investigated AstVs circulation in bats in Mozambique and Mayotte, a small island in the ... ...

    Abstract Astroviruses (AstVs) are responsible for infection of a large diversity of mammalian and avian species, including bats, aquatic birds, livestock and humans. We investigated AstVs circulation in bats in Mozambique and Mayotte, a small island in the Comoros Archipelago located between east Africa and Madagascar. Biological material was collected from 338 bats and tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene with a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. None of the 79 samples obtained from Mayotte bats (Pteropus seychellensis comorensis and Chaerephon pusillus) tested positive; however, 20.1% of bats sampled in Mozambique shed AstVs at the time of sampling and significant interspecific variation in the proportion of positive bats was detected. Many AstVs sequences obtained from a given bat species clustered in different phylogenetic lineages, while others seem to reflect some level of host-virus association, but also with AstVs previously reported from Malagasy bats. Our findings support active circulation of a large diversity of AstVs in bats in the western Indian Ocean islands, including the southeastern African coast, and highlight the need for more detailed assessment of its risk of zoonotic transmission to human populations.
    Keywords Astroviridae ; Pteropus ; coasts ; genes ; human population ; humans ; interspecific variation ; livestock ; phylogeny ; polymerase chain reaction ; risk ; water birds ; Comoros ; Eastern Africa ; Madagascar ; Mozambique ; covid19
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-12
    Size p. 104.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1743-422X
    DOI 10.1186/s12985-018-1011-x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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