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  1. Article ; Online: Neonatal anthropometry of malformed newborns: A large South American population-based study.

    Heisecke, Silvina / Alfaro, Emma L / Martínez, Jorge / Figueroa, Marcelo / Bronberg, Rubén / Ratowiecki, Julia / López Camelo, Jorge S / Dipierri, José E

    Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 211–219

    Abstract: Background: Population-based anthropometric evaluation of malformed newborns is scarce.: Objectives: To evaluate malformed newborns' foetal growth using the ICD 10 malformations' classification.: Methods: A study including 33,769 newborns (14,857 ... ...

    Abstract Background: Population-based anthropometric evaluation of malformed newborns is scarce.
    Objectives: To evaluate malformed newborns' foetal growth using the ICD 10 malformations' classification.
    Methods: A study including 33,769 newborns (14,857 malformed and 18,912 nonmalformed), selected from 678,840 births from nine South American countries, period 2010-2018, was conducted. Prevalence of severe small and small for gestational age was calculated for malformed and nonmalformed newborns classified by preterm birth categories. Prevalence and relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The associations between anthropometric phenotypes and congenital malformations were evaluated with generalized linear models.
    Results: Prevalence of preterm and term severe small and small for gestational age newborns was higher in malformed than that in nonmalformed neonates. For grouped ICD 10 malformations categories, the RR for severe small for gestational age was 2.88 (95% CI 2.51, 3.30) and 2.10 (95% CI 1.92, 2.30) for small for gestational age. For at-term and preterm malformed newborns, the RR for severe small for gestational age was 2.21 (95% CI 1.87, 2.61) and 3.21 (95% CI 2.52, 4.10), respectively; for small for gestational age, the RR was 2.31 (95% CI 2.11, 2.53) for at-term newborns and 2.58 (95% CI 2.16, 3.08) for preterm ones.
    Conclusions: Prevalence and relative risk of severe small and small for gestational age vary according to the group of malformations and gestational age; they increase in congenital malformations of the nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, and in chromosomal abnormalities and are lower for malformations of eye, ear, face and neck and cleft lip and palate. Foetal growth considered together with malformed newborns' gestational age would allow for inferring different risks of morbidity and mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Anthropometry ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Premature Birth
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639089-4
    ISSN 1365-3016 ; 0269-5022 ; 1353-663X
    ISSN (online) 1365-3016
    ISSN 0269-5022 ; 1353-663X
    DOI 10.1111/ppe.12843
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Association between Genitourinary and Congenital Heart Defects: A 52-year Case-Control Study of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC)

    Fernandez, Nicolas / Varela, Daniela / Villanueva, Juliana / Lopez Camelo, Jorge / Zarante, Ignacio

    Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 04, Page(s) e143–e148

    Abstract: Background: Congenital urological anomalies are present in 4.3/10 thousand newborns, and their association with other anomalies may increase the overall mortality and disability. The present study establishes the risk of having congenital urological ... ...

    Abstract Background: Congenital urological anomalies are present in 4.3/10 thousand newborns, and their association with other anomalies may increase the overall mortality and disability. The present study establishes the risk of having congenital urological anomalies presenting associated cardiopathies
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study using the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas, ECLAMC, in Spanish). The analysis included all registered cases of congenital urological malformation from 1967 to 2019. Patients with or without associated heart defects were included for the statistical analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We compared the variables with the Chi-squared test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 27.0. Values of p  < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
    Results: A total of 7,767,161 newborns were evaluated, and 17,834 genital and upper urinary tract malformations were identified. Of these, 64.2% were genital anomalies, and 35.8% were abnormalities of the upper urinary tract. Genitourinary malformations and concomitant congenital heart defects (GU + C) were observed in 3.5% of the cases. Subjects with GU + C had a higher number of malformations (4.59 ± 2.3) than patients without heart defects (1.53 ± 1.58) ( p  < 0.000). The OR was of 3.61 (range: 1.86–7.00) for cloacal exstrophy, of 4.01 (range: 3.14–5.12) for imperforate anus, of 5.52 (range: 3.92–7.78) for horseshoe kidney, and of 13.7 (range: 6.65–28.22) for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) with malformations of the upper urinary tract.
    Conclusion: The association of congenital heart defects with urological anomalies is higher for complex congenital anomalies such as imperforate anus, cloacal exstrophy, and horseshoe kidney. Patients with urological abnormalities and Down syndrome have the highest likelihood.
    Keywords congenital heart defect ; congenital ; hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ; Down syndrome ; CAKUT ; urologic diseases ; urological manifestations ; defecto cardíaco congénito ; congénito ; anomalías hereditarias y neonatales ; Síndrome de Down ; CAKUT ; manifestaciones urológicas ; Enfermedades urológicas
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publisher Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2102771-7
    ISSN 2027-0119 ; 0120-789X ; 2027-0119
    ISSN (online) 2027-0119
    ISSN 0120-789X ; 2027-0119
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1746203
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  3. Article ; Online: Paternal age and risk for selected birth defects in a large South American sample.

    Gili, Juan A / Rittler, Monica / Heisecke, Silvina / Campaña, Hebe / Giménez, Lucas / Santos, María Rita / Ratowiecki, Julia / Cosentino, Viviana / López Camelo, Jorge / Poletta, Fernando A

    Birth defects research

    2023  Volume 115, Issue 19, Page(s) 1866–1875

    Abstract: Background: The relationship between maternal age (MA) and birth defects (BD) has been extensively studied while much less research, mostly with discordant results, has focused on the risk of paternal age (PA) for BD. Furthermore, no consensus has been ... ...

    Abstract Background: The relationship between maternal age (MA) and birth defects (BD) has been extensively studied while much less research, mostly with discordant results, has focused on the risk of paternal age (PA) for BD. Furthermore, no consensus has been reached on the best way to control the association of PA with MA.
    Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of PA increase, at 1-year intervals, for selected BD, especially controlling for the confounding effect of MA.
    Methods: The sample comprised of 27,944 liveborns presenting 1 of 18 selected isolated BD. Conditional logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the risk of advanced PA and its yearly increase, adjusting by MA and other variables.
    Results: Of the 18 analyzed BD, only the risk for preaxial polydactyly (PreP) showed a significant association with increasing PA, while advanced MA was of low risk. For esophageal and anal atresia, associations with both PA and MA increases were observed.
    Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis of advanced PA as a risk factor for PreP and helps clarify the so far unexplained nonrandom association between this defect and Down syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Anus, Imperforate/epidemiology ; Paternal Age ; Risk Factors ; South America/epidemiology ; Polydactyly/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2104792-3
    ISSN 2472-1727
    ISSN (online) 2472-1727
    DOI 10.1002/bdr2.2252
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Maternal Education Gradients in Infant Health in Four South American Countries.

    Wehby, George L / López-Camelo, Jorge S

    Maternal and child health journal

    2017  Volume 21, Issue 11, Page(s) 2122–2131

    Abstract: Objective We investigate gradients (i.e. differences) in infant health outcomes by maternal education in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela and explore channels related to father's education, household labor outcomes, and maternal health, fertility, ...

    Abstract Objective We investigate gradients (i.e. differences) in infant health outcomes by maternal education in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela and explore channels related to father's education, household labor outcomes, and maternal health, fertility, and use of prenatal services and technology. Methods We employ secondary interview and birth record data similarly collected across a network of birth hospitals from the early 1980s through 2011 within the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Anomalies (ECLAMC). Focusing on children without birth defects, we estimate gradients in several infant health outcomes including birth weight, gestational age, and hospital discharge status by maternal education using ordinary least squares regression models adjusting for several demographic factors. To explore channels, we add as covariates father's education, parental occupational activity, maternal health and fertility history, and use of prenatal services and technology and evaluate changes in the coefficient of maternal education. We use the same models for each country sample. Results We find important differences in gradients across countries. We find evidence for educational gradients in preterm birth in three countries but weaker evidence for gradients in fetal growth. The extent to which observed household and maternal factors explain these gradients based on changes in the regression coefficient of maternal education when controlling for these factors as covariates also varies between countries. In contrast, we generally find evidence across all countries that higher maternal education is associated with increased use of prenatal care services and technology. Conclusions Our findings suggest that differences in infant health by maternal education and their underlying mechanisms vary and are not necessarily generalizable across countries. However, the positive association between maternal education and use of prenatal services and technology is more consistent across examined countries.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1339905-6
    ISSN 1573-6628 ; 1092-7875
    ISSN (online) 1573-6628
    ISSN 1092-7875
    DOI 10.1007/s10995-017-2327-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Genetic susceptibility for retinopathy of prematurity and its associated comorbidities.

    Gimenez, Lucas G / Gili, Juan A / Elias, Darío E / Sagula, Rubén / Comas, Belén / Santos, María R / Campaña, Hebe / Poletta, Fernando A / Heisecke, Silvina L / Ratowiecki, Julia / Cosentino, Viviana R / Uranga, Rocío / Saleme, César / Negri, Mercedes / Rittler, Mónica / Zapata Barrios, Jorge / Krupitzki, Hugo B / López Camelo, Jorge S

    Pediatric research

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading cause of child blindness. Preterm newborns of very low gestational age (GA) and very low birth weight are at the greatest risk. Our objective was to evaluate the role of genetic variants ...

    Abstract Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading cause of child blindness. Preterm newborns of very low gestational age (GA) and very low birth weight are at the greatest risk. Our objective was to evaluate the role of genetic variants associated with ROP risk and its comorbidities in an Argentinian sample of premature infants.
    Methods: A sample of 437 preterm infants <33 weeks GA, born at a maternity hospital in Tucumán, Argentina, 2005-2010, was analyzed. Environmental factors, perinatal outcomes, and fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ROP were evaluated, comparing ROP with non-ROP newborns. A lasso logistic regression was performed to select variables; then, a conditional logistic regression was used to identify ROP maternal and perinatal risk factors adjusting by maternal and gestational ages, respectively.
    Results: ROP maternal risk factors were alcohol intake, periodontal infections, and severe stress. Respiratory distress, sepsis, and intracranial hemorrhage were the ROP perinatal risk factors. Markers rs186085 of EPAS1 and rs427832 of AGTR1 were significantly associated with ROP newborns.
    Conclusion: We identified three maternal and three perinatal risk factors associated with ROP. Genes EPAS1 and AGTR1, involved in angiogenesis and vascularization, were identified to be of risk for ROP.
    Impact: Genetic and environmental risk factors associated with ROP and its comorbidities are evaluated in a Latin American population. Genes EPAS1 and AGTR1, involved in angiogenesis and vascularization, were identified to be of risk for ROP. Three maternal and three perinatal risk factors associated with ROP were also identified. A matrix of significant relationships among genetic markers and comorbidities is presented. Reported data may help develop more effective preventive measures for ROP in the Latin American region.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 4411-8
    ISSN 1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
    ISSN (online) 1530-0447
    ISSN 0031-3998
    DOI 10.1038/s41390-024-03068-9
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  6. Article ; Online: The impact of unemployment cycles on child and maternal health in Argentina.

    Wehby, George L / Gimenez, Lucas G / López-Camelo, Jorge S

    International journal of public health

    2017  Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 197–207

    Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of economic cycles in Argentina on infant and maternal health between 1994 and 2006, a period that spans the major economic crisis in 1999-2002.: Methods: We evaluate the effects of ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of economic cycles in Argentina on infant and maternal health between 1994 and 2006, a period that spans the major economic crisis in 1999-2002.
    Methods: We evaluate the effects of province-level unemployment rates on several infant health outcomes, including birth weight, gestational age, fetal growth rate, and hospital discharge status after birth in a sample of 15,000 infants born in 13 provinces. Maternal health and healthcare outcomes include acute and chronic illnesses, infectious diseases, and use of prenatal visits and technology. Regression models control for hospital and year fixed effects and province-specific time trends.
    Results: Unemployment rise reduces fetal growth rate particularly among high educated parents. Also, maternal poverty-related infectious diseases increase, although reporting of acute illnesses declines (an effect more pronounced among low educated parents). There is also some evidence for reduced access to prenatal care and technology among less educated parents with higher unemployment.
    Conclusions: Unemployment rise in Argentina has adversely affected certain infant and maternal health outcomes, but several measures show no evidence of significant change.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Argentina ; Economic Recession ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Health/statistics & numerical data ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Health/statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy ; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2274130-6
    ISSN 1661-8564 ; 1661-8556
    ISSN (online) 1661-8564
    ISSN 1661-8556
    DOI 10.1007/s00038-016-0857-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: A comparative analysis of prenatal care and fetal growth in eight South American countries.

    Woodhouse, Cristina / Lopez Camelo, Jorge / Wehby, George L

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) e91292

    Abstract: There has been little work that comprehensively compared the relationship between prenatal care and infant health across multiple countries using similar data sources and analytical models. Such comparative analyses are useful for understanding the ... ...

    Abstract There has been little work that comprehensively compared the relationship between prenatal care and infant health across multiple countries using similar data sources and analytical models. Such comparative analyses are useful for understanding the background of differences in infant health between populations. We evaluated the association between prenatal care visits and fetal growth measured by birth weight (BW) in grams or low birth weight (<2500 grams; LBW) adjusted for gestational age in eight South American countries using similarly collected data across countries and the same analytical models. OLS and logistic regressions were estimated adjusting for a large set of relevant infant, maternal, and household characteristics and birth year and hospital fixed effects. Birth data were acquired from 140 hospitals that are part of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) network. The analytical sample included 56,014 live-born infants (∼69% of total sample) with complete data born without congenital anomalies in the years 1996-2011 in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and Uruguay. Prenatal care visits were significantly (at p<.05) and positively associated with BW and negatively associated with LBW for all countries. The OLS coefficients ranged from 9 grams per visit in Bolivia to 36 grams in Uruguay. The association with LBW was strongest for Chile (OR = 0.87 per visit) and lowest for Argentina and Venezuela (OR = 0.95). The association decreased in the recent decade compared to earlier years. Our findings suggest that estimates of association between prenatal care and fetal growth are population-specific and may not be generalizable to other populations. Furthermore, as one of the indicators for a country's healthcare system for maternal and child health, prenatal care is a highly variable indicator between countries in South America.
    MeSH term(s) Birth Weight ; Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data ; Regression Analysis ; South America
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091292
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: A multi-program analysis of cleft lip with cleft palate prevalence and mortality using data from 22 International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research programs, 1974-2014.

    Mc Goldrick, Niall / Revie, Gavin / Groisman, Boris / Hurtado-Villa, Paula / Sipek, Antonin / Khoshnood, Babak / Rissmann, Anke / Dastgiri, Saeed / Landau, Danielle / Tagliabue, Giovanna / Pierini, Anna / Gatt, Miriam / Mutchinick, Osvaldo M / Martínez, Laura / de Walle, Hermein E K / Szabova, Elena / Lopez Camelo, Jorge / Källén, Karin / Morgan, Margery /
    Wertelecki, Wladimir / Nance, Amy / Stallings, Erin B / Nembhard, Wendy N / Mossey, Peter

    Birth defects research

    2023  Volume 115, Issue 10, Page(s) 980–997

    Abstract: Background: Cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) is a congenital condition that affects both the oral cavity and the lips. This study estimated the prevalence and mortality of CLP using surveillance data collected from birth defect registries around the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) is a congenital condition that affects both the oral cavity and the lips. This study estimated the prevalence and mortality of CLP using surveillance data collected from birth defect registries around the world.
    Methods: Data from 22 population- and hospital-based surveillance programs affiliated with the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) in 18 countries on live births (LB), stillbirths (SB), and elective terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (ETOPFA) for CLP from 1974 to 2014 were analyzed. Prevalence and survival (survival for LB only) estimates were calculated for total and subclassifications of CLP and by pregnancy outcome.
    Results: The pooled prevalence of total CLP cases was 6.4 CLP per 10,000 births. The prevalence of CLP and all of the pregnancy outcomes varied across programs. Higher ETOPFA rates were recorded in most European programs compared to programs in other continents. In programs reporting low ETOPFA rates or where there was no ascertainment of ETOPFA, the rate of CLP among LB and SB was higher compared to those where ETOPFA rates were ascertained. Overall survival for total CLP was 91%. For isolated CLP, the survival was 97.7%. CLP associated with multiple congenital anomalies had an overall survival of 77.1%, and for CLP associated with genetic/chromosomal syndromes, overall survival was 40.9%.
    Conclusions: Total CLP prevalence reported in this study is lower than estimates from prior studies, with variation by pregnancy outcomes between programs. Survival was lower when CLP was associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes compared to isolated CLP.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Cleft Palate/epidemiology ; Cleft Lip/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Syndrome ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Stillbirth/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2104792-3
    ISSN 2472-1727
    ISSN (online) 2472-1727
    DOI 10.1002/bdr2.2176
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Hospital volume and mortality of very low-birthweight infants in South America.

    Wehby, George L / Lopez-Camelo, Jorge / Castilla, Eduardo E

    Health services research

    2012  Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 1502–1521

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the effects of hospital volume of very low-birthweight (VLBW) infants on in-hospital mortality of VLBW and very preterm birth (VPB) infants in South America.: Data sources/study setting: Birth-registry data for infants born in ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of hospital volume of very low-birthweight (VLBW) infants on in-hospital mortality of VLBW and very preterm birth (VPB) infants in South America.
    Data sources/study setting: Birth-registry data for infants born in 1982-2008 at VLBW or very preterm in 66 hospitals in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.
    Design: Regression analyses that adjust for several individual-level demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors; hospital-level characteristics; and country-fixed effects are employed.
    Data collection/extraction methods: Physicians interviewed mothers before hospital discharge and abstracted hospital medical records using similar methods at all hospitals.
    Principal findings: Volume has significant nonlinear beneficial effects on VLBW and VPB in-hospital survival. The largest survival benefits--more than 80 percent decrease in mortality rates--are with volume increases from low to medium or medium-high levels (from ≤ 25 to 72 infants annually) with significantly lower incremental benefits thereafter. The cumulative volume effects are maximized at the 121-144 annual VLBW infant range--about 90 percent decrease in mortality rates compared to <25 VLBW infants annually.
    Conclusions: Increasing the access of pregnancies at-risk of VLBW and VPB to medium- or high-volume hospitals up to 144 VLBW infants per year may substantially improve in-hospital infant survival in the study countries.
    MeSH term(s) Area Under Curve ; Argentina/epidemiology ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Chile/epidemiology ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Registries ; Regression Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 410435-3
    ISSN 1475-6773 ; 0017-9124
    ISSN (online) 1475-6773
    ISSN 0017-9124
    DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01383.x
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  10. Article ; Online: Explaining ethnic disparities in preterm birth in Argentina and Ecuador.

    Wehby, George L / Pawluk, Mariela / Nyarko, Kwame A / López-Camelo, Jorge S

    Global public health

    2016  Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) 1126–1143

    Abstract: Little is understood about racial/ethnic disparities in infant health in South America. We quantified the extent to which the disparity in preterm birth (PTB; <37 gestational weeks) rate between infants of Native only ancestry and those of European only ... ...

    Abstract Little is understood about racial/ethnic disparities in infant health in South America. We quantified the extent to which the disparity in preterm birth (PTB; <37 gestational weeks) rate between infants of Native only ancestry and those of European only ancestry in Argentina and Ecuador are explained by household socio-economic, demographic, healthcare use, and geographic location indicators. The samples included 5199 infants born between 2000 and 2011 from Argentina and 1579 infants born between 2001 and 2011 from Ecuador. An Oaxaca-Blinder type decomposition model adapted to binary outcomes was estimated to explain the disparity in PTB risk across groups of variables and specific variables. Maternal use of prenatal care services significantly explained the PTB disparity, by nearly 57% and 30% in Argentina and Ecuador, respectively. Household socio-economic status explained an additional 26% of the PTB disparity in Argentina. Differences in maternal use of prenatal care may partly explain ethnic disparities in PTB in Argentina and Ecuador. Improving access to prenatal care may reduce ethnic disparities in PTB risk in these countries.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Argentina/epidemiology ; Ecuador/epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Population Surveillance ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Premature Birth/ethnology ; Prenatal Care ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2234129-8
    ISSN 1744-1706 ; 1744-1692
    ISSN (online) 1744-1706
    ISSN 1744-1692
    DOI 10.1080/17441692.2016.1251603
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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