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  1. Article ; Online: TET Enzymes in the Immune System: From DNA Demethylation to Immunotherapy, Inflammation, and Cancer.

    López-Moyado, Isaac F / Ko, Myunggon / Hogan, Patrick G / Rao, Anjana

    Annual review of immunology

    2024  

    Abstract: Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are iron-dependent and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that sequentially oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine ( ... ...

    Abstract Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are iron-dependent and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that sequentially oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). All three epigenetic modifications are intermediates in DNA demethylation. TET proteins are recruited by transcription factors and by RNA polymerase II to modify 5mC at enhancers and gene bodies, thereby regulating gene expression during development, cell lineage specification, and cell activation. It is not yet clear, however, how the established biochemical activities of TET enzymes in oxidizing 5mC and mediating DNA demethylation relate to the known association of TET deficiency with inflammation, clonal hematopoiesis, and cancer. There are hints that the ability of TET deficiency to promote cell proliferation in a signal-dependent manner may be harnessed for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we draw upon recent findings in cells of the immune system to illustrate established as well as emerging ideas of how TET proteins influence cellular function. Expected final online publication date for the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604953-9
    ISSN 1545-3278 ; 0732-0582
    ISSN (online) 1545-3278
    ISSN 0732-0582
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-immunol-080223-044610
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Active DNA demethylation damages DNA.

    López-Moyado, Isaac F / Rao, Anjana

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 378, Issue 6623, Page(s) 948–949

    Abstract: Active DNA demethylation maintains enhancer activity in nonproliferating cells but can damage DNA. ...

    Abstract Active DNA demethylation maintains enhancer activity in nonproliferating cells but can damage DNA.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Demethylation ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Humans ; DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.adf3171
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: DNMT3A and TET2 mutations reshape hematopoiesis in opposing ways.

    López-Moyado, Isaac F / Rao, Anjana

    Nature genetics

    2020  Volume 52, Issue 6, Page(s) 554–556

    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation ; DNA Methylation ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mutation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1108734-1
    ISSN 1546-1718 ; 1061-4036
    ISSN (online) 1546-1718
    ISSN 1061-4036
    DOI 10.1038/s41588-020-0641-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Inducible disruption of

    Yuita, Hiroshi / López-Moyado, Isaac F / Jeong, Hyeongmin / Cheng, Arthur Xiuyuan / Scott-Browne, James / An, Jungeun / Nakayama, Toshinori / Onodera, Atsushi / Ko, Myunggon / Rao, Anjana

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 6, Page(s) e2214824120

    Abstract: The three mammalian TET dioxygenases oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine in DNA, and the oxidized methylcytosines are essential intermediates in all known pathways of DNA demethylation. To define the in vivo consequences of complete TET ... ...

    Abstract The three mammalian TET dioxygenases oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine in DNA, and the oxidized methylcytosines are essential intermediates in all known pathways of DNA demethylation. To define the in vivo consequences of complete TET deficiency, we inducibly deleted all three
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Heterochromatin/genetics ; Euchromatin ; DNA Methylation ; 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Dioxygenases/genetics ; Dioxygenases/metabolism ; Mammals/genetics
    Chemical Substances Heterochromatin ; Euchromatin ; 5-Methylcytosine (6R795CQT4H) ; Dioxygenases (EC 1.13.11.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2214824120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: TET methylcytosine oxidases: new insights from a decade of research

    Lio, Chan-Wang J / Yue, Xiaojing / López-Moyado, Isaac F / Tahiliani, Mamta / Aravind, L / Rao, Anjana

    Journal of biosciences. 2020 Dec., v. 45, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: In mammals, DNA methyltransferases transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the 5 position of cytosine in DNA. The product of this reaction, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has many roles, particularly in suppressing transposable and repeat elements ... ...

    Abstract In mammals, DNA methyltransferases transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the 5 position of cytosine in DNA. The product of this reaction, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has many roles, particularly in suppressing transposable and repeat elements in DNA. Moreover, in many cellular systems, cell lineage specification is accompanied by DNA demethylation at the promoters of genes expressed at high levels in the differentiated cells. However, since direct cleavage of the C-C bond connecting the methyl group to the 5 position of cytosine is thermodynamically disfavoured, the question of whether DNA methylation was reversible remained unclear for many decades. This puzzle was solved by our discovery of the TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) family of 5-methylcytosine oxidases, which use reduced iron, molecular oxygen and the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (also known as α-ketoglutarate) to oxidise the methyl group of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and beyond. TET-generated oxidised methylcytosines are intermediates in at least two pathways of DNA demethylation, which differ in their dependence on DNA replication. In the decade since their discovery, TET enzymes have been shown to have important roles in embryonic development, cell lineage specification, neuronal function and cancer. We review these findings and discuss their implications here.
    Keywords DNA ; DNA demethylation ; DNA methylation ; DNA replication ; S-adenosylmethionine ; cells ; cytosine ; embryogenesis ; genes ; iron ; mammals ; metabolites ; methyltransferases ; neurons ; oxygen ; research ; thermodynamics ; tricarboxylic acid cycle
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-12
    Size p. 21.
    Publishing place Springer India
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 756157-x
    ISSN 0973-7138 ; 0250-5991
    ISSN (online) 0973-7138
    ISSN 0250-5991
    DOI 10.1007/s12038-019-9973-4
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Acute deletion of TET enzymes results in aneuploidy in mouse embryonic stem cells through decreased expression of Khdc3.

    Georges, Romain O / Sepulveda, Hugo / Angel, J Carlos / Johnson, Eric / Palomino, Susan / Nowak, Roberta B / Desai, Arshad / López-Moyado, Isaac F / Rao, Anjana

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6230

    Abstract: TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) dioxygenases effect DNA demethylation through successive oxidation of the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA. In humans and in mouse models, TET loss-of-function has been linked to DNA damage, genome instability ... ...

    Abstract TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) dioxygenases effect DNA demethylation through successive oxidation of the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA. In humans and in mouse models, TET loss-of-function has been linked to DNA damage, genome instability and oncogenesis. Here we show that acute deletion of all three Tet genes, after brief exposure of triple-floxed, Cre-ERT2-expressing mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, results in chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy; moreover, embryos lacking all three TET proteins showed striking variation in blastomere numbers and nuclear morphology at the 8-cell stage. Transcriptional profiling revealed that mRNA encoding a KH-domain protein, Khdc3 (Filia), was downregulated in triple TET-deficient mESC, concomitantly with increased methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the vicinity of the Khdc3 gene. Restoring KHDC3 levels in triple Tet-deficient mESC prevented aneuploidy. Thus, TET proteins regulate Khdc3 gene expression, and TET deficiency results in mitotic infidelity and genome instability in mESC at least partly through decreased expression of KHDC3.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; Aneuploidy ; Dioxygenases/genetics ; Dioxygenases/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Genomic Instability ; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
    Chemical Substances 5-Methylcytosine (6R795CQT4H) ; Dioxygenases (EC 1.13.11.-) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; filia protein, mouse ; Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-33742-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: TET methylcytosine oxidases: new insights from a decade of research.

    Lio, Chan-Wang J / Yue, Xiaojing / Lopez-Moyado, Isaac F / Tahiliani, Mamta / Aravind, L / Rao, Anjana

    Journal of biosciences

    2020  Volume 45

    Abstract: In mammals, DNA methyltransferases transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the 5 position of cytosine in DNA. The product of this reaction, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has many roles, particularly in suppressing transposable and repeat elements ... ...

    Abstract In mammals, DNA methyltransferases transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the 5 position of cytosine in DNA. The product of this reaction, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has many roles, particularly in suppressing transposable and repeat elements in DNA. Moreover, in many cellular systems, cell lineage specification is accompanied by DNA demethylation at the promoters of genes expressed at high levels in the differentiated cells. However, since direct cleavage of the C-C bond connecting the methyl group to the 5 position of cytosine is thermodynamically disfavoured, the question of whether DNA methylation was reversible remained unclear for many decades. This puzzle was solved by our discovery of the TET (Ten- Eleven Translocation) family of 5-methylcytosine oxidases, which use reduced iron, molecular oxygen and the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (also known as a-ketoglutarate) to oxidise the methyl group of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and beyond. TET-generated oxidised methylcytosines are intermediates in at least two pathways of DNA demethylation, which differ in their dependence on DNA replication. In the decade since their discovery, TET enzymes have been shown to have important roles in embryonic development, cell lineage specification, neuronal function and cancer. We review these findings and discuss their implications here.
    MeSH term(s) 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; Cytosine/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/genetics ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Dioxygenases/genetics ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction ; S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA-Binding Proteins ; 5-Methylcytosine (6R795CQT4H) ; S-Adenosylmethionine (7LP2MPO46S) ; Cytosine (8J337D1HZY) ; TET3 protein, human (EC 1.-) ; Dioxygenases (EC 1.13.11.-) ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 (EC 2.1.1.37) ; Dnmt1 protein, mouse (EC 2.1.1.37)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-22
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 756157-x
    ISSN 0973-7138 ; 0250-5991
    ISSN (online) 0973-7138
    ISSN 0250-5991
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Paradoxical association of TET loss of function with genome-wide DNA hypomethylation.

    López-Moyado, Isaac F / Tsagaratou, Ageliki / Yuita, Hiroshi / Seo, Hyungseok / Delatte, Benjamin / Heinz, Sven / Benner, Christopher / Rao, Anjana

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2019  Volume 116, Issue 34, Page(s) 16933–16942

    Abstract: Cancer genomes are characterized by focal increases in DNA methylation, co-occurring with widespread hypomethylation. Here, we show that TET loss of function results in a similar genomic footprint. Both 5hmC in wild-type (WT) genomes and DNA ... ...

    Abstract Cancer genomes are characterized by focal increases in DNA methylation, co-occurring with widespread hypomethylation. Here, we show that TET loss of function results in a similar genomic footprint. Both 5hmC in wild-type (WT) genomes and DNA hypermethylation in
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/deficiency ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology ; Heterochromatin/genetics ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Heterochromatin/pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA, Neoplasm ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Heterochromatin ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; TET1 protein, mouse ; Tet2 protein, mouse (EC 1.13.11.-) ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.37) ; DNA methyltransferase 3A (EC 2.1.1.37)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1903059116
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: NR4A transcription factors limit CAR T cell function in solid tumours.

    Chen, Joyce / López-Moyado, Isaac F / Seo, Hyungseok / Lio, Chan-Wang J / Hempleman, Laura J / Sekiya, Takashi / Yoshimura, Akihiko / Scott-Browne, James P / Rao, Anjana

    Nature

    2019  Volume 567, Issue 7749, Page(s) 530–534

    Abstract: T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) targeting human CD19 (hCD19) have shown clinical efficacy against B cell ... ...

    Abstract T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) targeting human CD19 (hCD19) have shown clinical efficacy against B cell malignancies
    MeSH term(s) Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Antigens, CD19/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/genetics ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology ; Male ; Melanoma, Experimental/genetics ; Melanoma, Experimental/immunology ; Melanoma, Experimental/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/deficiency ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/deficiency ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology ; Receptors, Steroid/deficiency ; Receptors, Steroid/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/deficiency ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/deficiency ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antigens, CD19 ; CD19 molecule, human ; Chromatin ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; NF-kappa B ; NR4A1 protein, human ; NR4A2 protein, human ; NR4A3 protein, human ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Receptors, Steroid ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcription Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-019-0985-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Dynamic Changes in Chromatin Accessibility Occur in CD8

    Scott-Browne, James P / López-Moyado, Isaac F / Trifari, Sara / Wong, Victor / Chavez, Lukas / Rao, Anjana / Pereira, Renata M

    Immunity

    2016  Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 1327–1340

    Abstract: In response to acute infection, naive ... ...

    Abstract In response to acute infection, naive CD8
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chromatin ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression/immunology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Immunologic Memory/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic
    Chemical Substances Chromatin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016--20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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