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  1. Article ; Online: Clinical utility of the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) in a mixed neurological sample: Proposed revised cutoff scores for normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia.

    Merz, Zachary C / Lace, John W

    Applied neuropsychology. Adult

    2022  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Early detection of cognitive impairment is of paramount importance in clinical settings, with several brief screening tools having been developed for that purpose. The present study sought to evaluate the clinical utility of the Saint Louis University ... ...

    Abstract Early detection of cognitive impairment is of paramount importance in clinical settings, with several brief screening tools having been developed for that purpose. The present study sought to evaluate the clinical utility of the Saint Louis University Mental Status examination (SLUMS) at identifying examinees with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia syndrome using the criterion of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Two hundred sixty-three examinees (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2673736-X
    ISSN 2327-9109 ; 2327-9095
    ISSN (online) 2327-9109
    ISSN 2327-9095
    DOI 10.1080/23279095.2022.2106572
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Standalone Performance Validity Tests May Be Differentially Related to Measures of Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Verbal Memory in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

    Lace, John W / Sanborn, Victoria / Galioto, Rachel

    Assessment

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 732–744

    Abstract: Cognitive functioning may account for minimal levels (i.e., 5%-14%) of variance of performance validity test (PVT) scores in clinical examinees. The present study extended this research twofold: (a) by determining the variance cognitive functioning ... ...

    Abstract Cognitive functioning may account for minimal levels (i.e., 5%-14%) of variance of performance validity test (PVT) scores in clinical examinees. The present study extended this research twofold: (a) by determining the variance cognitive functioning explains within three distinct PVTs (b) in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Seventy-five pwMS (
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Processing Speed ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1362144-0
    ISSN 1552-3489 ; 1073-1911
    ISSN (online) 1552-3489
    ISSN 1073-1911
    DOI 10.1177/10731911231178289
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Relationship Between Religiousness/Spirituality and Psychometric Intelligence in the United States.

    Lace, John W / Evans, Luke N

    Journal of religion and health

    2021  Volume 61, Issue 6, Page(s) 4516–4534

    Abstract: An inverse relationship between religiousness/spirituality (R/S) and psychometric intelligence (IQ) is well-documented in previous literature. However, the studies that have examined group differences on IQ regarding R/S have limited generalizability. ... ...

    Abstract An inverse relationship between religiousness/spirituality (R/S) and psychometric intelligence (IQ) is well-documented in previous literature. However, the studies that have examined group differences on IQ regarding R/S have limited generalizability. The present study contributed to the literature by evaluating IQ among participants identifying as differentially religious/spiritual (i.e., religious only, spiritual only, both religious and spiritual, or neither religious nor spiritual) and among those classified as either Christian/Catholic, Atheist, or Agnostic. Four hundred and thirty-two participants (M age = 37.9; 36% men) participated online via Amazon's Mechanical Turk as part of a larger study and completed a brief measure of IQ, a scale of religiousness and spirituality, and a demographics questionnaire. Correlations between IQ and self-reported religiousness/spirituality were small and negative (Mean r = -0.17), consistent with previous literature. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) controlling for age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status (operationalized by estimated annual household income) indicated that IQ scores tended to be lowest (p < 0.001) for "religious only" participants (estimated marginal mean [EMM] = 93.0) and highest for "neither religious nor spiritual" participants (EMM = 103.7). Furthermore, IQ scores were significantly lower (ps < 0.001) for Christian/Catholic participants (EMM = 96.7) compared to both Atheist (EMM = 104.9) and Agnostic participants (EMM = 107.5). Discussion of these findings, relationships to previous theoretical and empirical work, limitations of the present study, and directions for future inquiry are provided.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Psychometrics ; Religion ; Spiritual Therapies ; Spirituality ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2017250-3
    ISSN 1573-6571 ; 0022-4197
    ISSN (online) 1573-6571
    ISSN 0022-4197
    DOI 10.1007/s10943-021-01394-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: DSM-5 Level 1 cross-cutting measure in an online sample: evaluating its latent dimensionality and utility detecting nonspecific psychological distress.

    Lace, John W / Merz, Zachary C

    Psychiatry research

    2020  Volume 294, Page(s) 113529

    Abstract: Included in the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (CCSM), a self-report checklist with 23 items assessing 13 major psychiatric symptom clusters. To date, minimal literature has ... ...

    Abstract Included in the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (CCSM), a self-report checklist with 23 items assessing 13 major psychiatric symptom clusters. To date, minimal literature has examined the factor structure of the CCSM and its utility identifying significant psychological distress, and existing studies pose notable limitations. Four hundred (400) American adults (M age = 34.13; 50.2% female) participated online via Amazon Mechanical Turk as part of a larger study, which included the CCSM. The sample was randomly split to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFAs and CFAs). EFAs revealed structures with one (general psychopathology) and two (externalizing/serious mental illness and internalizing/affective) factors accounting for 67.3% and 73.7% of the variance, respectively. CFAs indicated good fit for both models, though statistical comparison of the models via χ
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Checklist/methods ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/psychology ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Models, Psychological ; Psychological Distress ; Self Report ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-23
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113529
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Examining the Clinical Utility of Selected Memory-Based Embedded Performance Validity Tests in Neuropsychological Assessment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

    Lace, John W / Merz, Zachary C / Galioto, Rachel

    Neurology international

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 477–486

    Abstract: Within the neuropsychological assessment, clinicians are responsible for ensuring the validity of obtained cognitive data. As such, increased attention is being paid to performance validity in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Experts have ... ...

    Abstract Within the neuropsychological assessment, clinicians are responsible for ensuring the validity of obtained cognitive data. As such, increased attention is being paid to performance validity in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Experts have proposed batteries of neuropsychological tests for use in this population, though none contain recommendations for standalone performance validity tests (PVTs). The California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Revised (BVMT-R)-both of which are included in the aforementioned recommended neuropsychological batteries-include previously validated embedded PVTs (which offer some advantages, including expedience and reduced costs), with no prior work exploring their utility in pwMS. The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential clinical utility of embedded PVTs to detect the signal of non-credibility as operationally defined by below criterion standalone PVT performance. One hundred thirty-three (133) patients (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-23
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2514727-4
    ISSN 2035-8377 ; 2035-8385
    ISSN (online) 2035-8377
    ISSN 2035-8385
    DOI 10.3390/neurolint13040047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Methodological considerations of assessing meaningful/reliable change in computerized neurocognitive testing following sport-related concussion.

    Merz, Zachary C / Lichtenstein, Jonathan D / Lace, John W

    Applied neuropsychology. Child

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 725–733

    Abstract: Objective: Traditional reliable change index (RCI) methods may be psychometrically limited due to their inability to account for particularly high or low baseline performance and regression to the mean following serial testing. The current study sought ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Traditional reliable change index (RCI) methods may be psychometrically limited due to their inability to account for particularly high or low baseline performance and regression to the mean following serial testing. The current study sought to examine differences between RCI and standardized regression-based (RBz) methods in a cohort of adolescent athletes engaged in sport-related concussion recovery.
    Methods: Consultation records and results of computerized testing data via the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery were retrospectively reviewed among 240 adolescent athletes involved in return-to-play protocols following a sport-related concussion.
    Results: High concordance rates were found between RCI and RBz metrics across ImPACT composites, consistent with previous literature. However, especially for those with lower baseline performance, RBz scores tended to suggest cognitive performance not meeting or exceeding baseline scores despite RCI metrics being appropriate across speed-based ImPACT composites. In contrast, results revealed high rates of RCI scores suggesting continued cognitive difficulties despite RBz metrics being within normal limits, especially for adolescents with
    Conclusions: Results suggest value in interpreting RBz values in addition to RCI values as these allow for clinical interpretation more sensitive to statistical confounds, including baseline performance and regression to the mean.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Athletes/psychology ; Athletic Injuries/complications ; Athletic Injuries/diagnosis ; Athletic Injuries/psychology ; Brain Concussion/complications ; Brain Concussion/diagnosis ; Brain Concussion/psychology ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Sports
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2673759-0
    ISSN 2162-2973 ; 2162-2965
    ISSN (online) 2162-2973
    ISSN 2162-2965
    DOI 10.1080/21622965.2021.1952413
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Nonmemory Composite Embedded Performance Validity Formulas in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

    Lace, John W / Merz, Zachary C / Galioto, Rachel

    Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

    2021  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 309–321

    Abstract: Objective: Research regarding performance validity tests (PVTs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is scant, with recommended batteries for neuropsychological evaluations in this population lacking suggestions to include PVTs. Moreover, limited ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Research regarding performance validity tests (PVTs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is scant, with recommended batteries for neuropsychological evaluations in this population lacking suggestions to include PVTs. Moreover, limited work has examined embedded PVTs in this population. As previous investigations indicated that nonmemory-based embedded PVTs provide clinical utility in other populations, this study sought to determine if a logistic regression-derived PVT formula can be identified from selected nonmemory variables in a sample of patients with MS.
    Method: A total of 184 patients (M age = 48.45; 76.6% female) with MS were referred for neuropsychological assessment at a large, Midwestern academic medical center. Patients were placed into "credible" (n = 146) or "noncredible" (n = 38) groups according to performance on standalone PVT. Missing data were imputed with HOTDECK.
    Results: Classification statistics for a variety of embedded PVTs were examined, with none appearing psychometrically appropriate in isolation (areas under the curve [AUCs] = .48-.64). Four exponentiated equations were created via logistic regression. Six, five, and three predictor equations yielded acceptable discriminability (AUC = .71-.74) with modest sensitivity (.34-.39) while maintaining good specificity (≥.90). The two predictor equation appeared unacceptable (AUC = .67).
    Conclusions: Results suggest that multivariate combinations of embedded PVTs may provide some clinical utility while minimizing test burden in determining performance validity in patients with MS. Nonetheless, the authors recommend routine inclusion of several PVTs and utilization of comprehensive clinical judgment to maximize signal detection of noncredible performance and avoid incorrect conclusions. Clinical implications, limitations, and avenues for future research are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Area Under Curve ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632972-x
    ISSN 1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
    ISSN (online) 1873-5843
    ISSN 0887-6177
    DOI 10.1093/arclin/acab066
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: "It's on the tip of my tongue!" exploring confrontation naming difficulties in patients with multiple sclerosis.

    Grezmak, Tiffany / Lace, John W / Nakamura, Kunio / Ontaneda, Daniel / Galioto, Rachel

    Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

    2023  Volume 71, Page(s) 104579

    Abstract: Background: Naming difficulty is commonly reported by patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Though many cognitive batteries recommended for pwMS include fluency tasks, they do not include naming tasks. The aim of this study was to examine the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Naming difficulty is commonly reported by patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Though many cognitive batteries recommended for pwMS include fluency tasks, they do not include naming tasks. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of naming impairment in pwMS by using a measure of confrontation naming and to identify correlates with neuroimaging.
    Methods: One-hundred-eighty-five pwMS (M
    Results: Performance on language tasks ranged within low average to average, with impairment most frequently found on a measure of confrontation naming (Boston Naming Test [BNT];27.6%), followed by a measure of phonemic fluency (Controlled Oral Word Association Test [COWAT]; 24.3%) and semantic fluency (animals [AF]; 18.3%). In the subset of patients with neuroimaging, thalamic volume had the strongest relationship with language variables, followed by white matter volume and T2 lesion volume. Language variables had no association with fractional gray matter volume. Of the language measures, BNT demonstrated the strongest relationship with MRI variables, followed by AF. There were no significant associations between neuroimaging variables and COWAT. Regression results revealed that fractional thalamic volume significantly contributed to BNT scores after adjusting for demographics, while T2 lesion volume predicted AF and no neuroimaging variables emerged as predictors for COWAT after controlling for demographics.
    Conclusions: Objective naming impairment is common in pwMS and are more strongly associated with neuroimaging of MS brain pathology than verbal fluency tasks that are commonly used in cognitive batteries for pwMS. Continued research on language (especially naming) deficits and neuroimaging correlates (particularly thalamic involvement) in pwMS is needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tongue
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2645330-7
    ISSN 2211-0356 ; 2211-0348
    ISSN (online) 2211-0356
    ISSN 2211-0348
    DOI 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104579
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  9. Article ; Online: Confirming the Tripartite Structure of the Duke University Religion Index: A Methodological Approach.

    Lace, John W / Handal, Paul J

    Journal of religion and health

    2018  Volume 57, Issue 2, Page(s) 704–716

    Abstract: The present study provided a methodological critique regarding psychometric investigations of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and its variants. Nine hundred seventeen (630 females and 287 males) university students (M age = 19.24) completed ... ...

    Abstract The present study provided a methodological critique regarding psychometric investigations of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and its variants. Nine hundred seventeen (630 females and 287 males) university students (M age = 19.24) completed the DUREL, the Personal Religious Inventory, and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale online. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess a three-factor (organizational religious activity; non-organizational religious activity; and intrinsic religiosity) and a unidimensional model of the DUREL. Chi-square difference tests were performed, and Akaike information criterion values and Bayesian information criterion values were compared between the models, each of which supported the three-factor model for the DUREL over the unidimensional model. Convergent validity for the three factors of the DUREL emerged through Spearman's rho correlations with measures of personal prayer, ritual religious attendance, religious integration, Closeness to the Divine. This study concluded that the DUREL is a multidimensional measurement of religion for use in English-speaking university students, and it provided a broad methodological note regarding future investigations of measures of religion or spirituality that possess an existing theoretical model.
    MeSH term(s) Bayes Theorem ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Midwestern United States ; Psychometrics/instrumentation ; Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data ; Religion ; Religion and Psychology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spirituality ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2017250-3
    ISSN 1573-6571 ; 0022-4197
    ISSN (online) 1573-6571
    ISSN 0022-4197
    DOI 10.1007/s10943-017-0556-0
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  10. Article ; Online: Verbal Short-Form FSIQ Estimations for Possible Use With Individuals With Motor and Visual Impairment or in Virtual Environments.

    Merz, Zachary C / Lace, John W / Garcia, Julian

    Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 620–625

    Abstract: Objective: Abbreviated and virtual neuropsychological assessment practices are growing in popularity and viable alternatives to traditional testing methods are needed, especially in the face of global health concerns. This study generated and examined ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Abbreviated and virtual neuropsychological assessment practices are growing in popularity and viable alternatives to traditional testing methods are needed, especially in the face of global health concerns. This study generated and examined short form (SF) full-scale IQ (FSIQ) estimations, which lend themselves to virtual test administration.
    Methods: Archival data were procured from 318 concurrent cognitive evaluations at a university clinic. Twenty-six unique SF combinations, including dyads, triads, tetrads, and pentads, were created from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition (WAIS-IV) subtests within verbal comprehension and working memory indices due to these tests' ability to be administered without visual stimuli or psychomotor involvement.
    Results: Stepwise regression analyses revealed 9 SF combinations (i.e., 1 pentad, 3 tetrads, 2 triads, and 3 dyads) that significantly accounted for unique variance in FSIQ scores and provided good accuracy estimating FSIQ.
    Conclusion: Results suggest the potential viability of verbal WAIS-IV SF FSIQ estimations for clinical use when assessing patients with motor or visual impairments, as well as performing tele-neuropsychological services.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Memory, Short-Term ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Vision Disorders ; Wechsler Scales
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632972-x
    ISSN 1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
    ISSN (online) 1873-5843
    ISSN 0887-6177
    DOI 10.1093/arclin/acaa077
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