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Article: Didymium pseudonivicola: A new myxomycete from the austral Andes emerges from broad-scale morphological and molecular analyses of D. nivicola collections

Janik, Paulina / Szczepaniak, Magdalena / Lado, Carlos / Ronikier, Anna

Mycologia. 2021 Nov. 02, v. 113, no. 6

2021

Abstract: A new nivicolous myxomycete is described as a result of a comprehensive study of Didymium nivicola collections from the entire range of its occurrence. Statistical analysis of 12 morphological characters, phylogenetic analyses of nuc 18S rDNA and ... ...

Abstract	A new nivicolous myxomycete is described as a result of a comprehensive study of Didymium nivicola collections from the entire range of its occurrence. Statistical analysis of 12 morphological characters, phylogenetic analyses of nuc 18S rDNA and elongation factor 1-alpha gene (EF1A), and a delimitation method (automatic barcode gap diversity) have been applied to corroborate the identity of the new species. A preliminary morphological analysis of D. nivicola revealed high variability of South American populations where four types of spore ornamentation were noted. However, results of molecular study and statistical analysis of morphological characters did not support recognition of these four forms but the distinction of two morphotypes. Consequently, two species have been recognized: D. nivicola and the newly proposed D. pseudonivicola. The new species can be distinguished from D. nivicola by distinctly larger and mostly plasmodiocarpic sporophores, which are scattered to gregarious, paler spores, and by the paler, more delicate and more elastic capillitium. Spore ornamentation of D. pseudonivicola is uniform and can be described as distinctly spiny (pilate under scanning electron microscope [SEM]), whereas those of D. nivicola is more variable, where spines (pilae under SEM) are delicate, distinct, or conspicuous. Additionally, whereas D. nivicola is a species distributed worldwide, D. pseudonivicola occurs only in the austral Andes of Argentina and Chile.
Keywords	Didymium ; genes ; morphs ; new species ; peptide elongation factors ; phylogeny ; spores ; statistical analysis ; Andes region ; Argentina ; Chile
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1102
Size	p. 1327-1342.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	281335-x
ISSN	1557-2536 ; 0027-5514
ISSN (online)	1557-2536
ISSN	0027-5514
DOI	10.1080/00275514.2021.1961068
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Article: New Approach to the Ultrastructure of the Capillitium in the Order Trichiales (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) and its Phylogenetic Implications

García-Cunchillos, Iván / Estébanez, Belén / Lado, Carlos

Protist. 2021 Apr., v. 172, no. 2

2021

Abstract: Myxomycetes constitute one of the major lineages within the supergroup Amoebozoa. At the end of their life cycles, most myxomycetes produce spore-bearing fruiting bodies, in which additional structures develop, like the capillitium, a system of sterile ... ...

Abstract	Myxomycetes constitute one of the major lineages within the supergroup Amoebozoa. At the end of their life cycles, most myxomycetes produce spore-bearing fruiting bodies, in which additional structures develop, like the capillitium, a system of sterile filaments intermingled with the spores. The capillitium is a relevant structure in the taxonomy of the order Trichiales, the target group in this study. However, the introduction of molecular phylogenies in Myxomycetes systematics is challenging our comprehension of this structure. We studied the capillitium of 25 species representing nine Trichiales genera, with both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In this order, the capillitium showed higher diversity than so far recognized. Thus, we distinguished and described five capillitium types and two subtypes based on the presence or absence of a lumen and the wall ultrastructure. These types followed the evolutionary history reported in recent phylogenies, although not all of them defined monophyletic groups. Besides, the spiral ornamentation, which most taxonomists considered to have appeared once, occurred in three different capillitium types. The ultrastructural approaches in Myxomycetes systematics enable the reconsideration of their morphological features in the new phylogenetic scenario.
Keywords	Amoebozoa ; Myxogastrea ; monophyly ; protists ; taxonomy ; transmission electron microscopy ; ultrastructure
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-04
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2036014-9
ISSN	1618-0941 ; 1434-4610
ISSN (online)	1618-0941
ISSN	1434-4610
DOI	10.1016/j.protis.2021.125805
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Article ; Online: Didymium pseudonivicola

Janik, Paulina / Szczepaniak, Magdalena / Lado, Carlos / Ronikier, Anna

Mycologia

2021 Volume 113, Issue 6, Page(s) 1327–1342

Abstract: A new nivicolous myxomycete is described as a result of a comprehensive study ... ...

Abstract	A new nivicolous myxomycete is described as a result of a comprehensive study of
MeSH term(s)	Argentina ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Myxomycetes/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Physarida/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Ribosomal
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	281335-x
ISSN	1557-2536 ; 0027-5514
ISSN (online)	1557-2536
ISSN	0027-5514
DOI	10.1080/00275514.2021.1961068
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Article ; Online: New Approach to the Ultrastructure of the Capillitium in the Order Trichiales (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) and its Phylogenetic Implications.

García-Cunchillos, Iván / Estébanez, Belén / Lado, Carlos

Protist

2021 Volume 172, Issue 2, Page(s) 125805

Abstract	Myxomycetes constitute one of the major lineages within the supergroup Amoebozoa. At the end of their life cycles, most myxomycetes produce spore-bearing fruiting bodies, in which additional structures develop, like the capillitium, a system of sterile filaments intermingled with the spores. The capillitium is a relevant structure in the taxonomy of the order Trichiales, the target group in this study. However, the introduction of molecular phylogenies in Myxomycetes systematics is challenging our comprehension of this structure. We studied the capillitium of 25 species representing nine Trichiales genera, with both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In this order, the capillitium showed higher diversity than so far recognized. Thus, we distinguished and described five capillitium types and two subtypes based on the presence or absence of a lumen and the wall ultrastructure. These types followed the evolutionary history reported in recent phylogenies, although not all of them defined monophyletic groups. Besides, the spiral ornamentation, which most taxonomists considered to have appeared once, occurred in three different capillitium types. The ultrastructural approaches in Myxomycetes systematics enable the reconsideration of their morphological features in the new phylogenetic scenario.
MeSH term(s)	Amoebozoa/classification ; Amoebozoa/ultrastructure ; Classification/methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2036014-9
ISSN	1618-0941 ; 1434-4610
ISSN (online)	1618-0941
ISSN	1434-4610
DOI	10.1016/j.protis.2021.125805
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Article ; Online: Phylogeny and evolution of morphological structures in a highly diverse lineage of fruiting-body-forming amoebae, order Trichiales (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa).

García-Cunchillos, Iván / Zamora, Juan Carlos / Ryberg, Martin / Lado, Carlos

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution

2022 Volume 177, Page(s) 107609

Abstract: Early phylogenetic studies refuted most previous assumptions concerning the evolution of the morphological traits in the fruiting bodies of the order Trichiales and did not detect discernible evolutionary patterns, yet they were based on a limited number ...

Abstract	Early phylogenetic studies refuted most previous assumptions concerning the evolution of the morphological traits in the fruiting bodies of the order Trichiales and did not detect discernible evolutionary patterns, yet they were based on a limited number of species. We infer a new Trichiales phylogeny based on three independently inherited genetic regions (nuclear and mitochondrial), with a fair taxonomic sampling encompassing its broad diversity. Besides, we study the evolutionary history of some key morphological characters. According to the new phylogeny, most fruiting body traits in Trichiales systematics do not represent exclusive synapomorphies or autapomorphies for most monophyletic groups. Instead, the evolution of the features derived from the peridium, stalk, capillitium, and spores showed intricate patterns, and character state transitions occurred rather within- than between clades. Thus, we should consider other evolutionary scenarios instead of assuming the homology of some characters. According to these results, we propose a new classification of Trichiales, including the creation of a new genus, Gulielmina, the resurrection of the family Dictydiaethaliaceae and the genus Ophiotheca, and the proposal of 13 new combinations for species of the genera Arcyria (1), Hemitrichia (2), Ophiotheca (2), Oligonema (4), Gulielmina (3), and Perichaena (1).
MeSH term(s)	Amoeba ; Amoebozoa ; Ascomycota ; Myxomycetes/genetics ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	33610-5
ISSN	1095-9513 ; 1055-7903
ISSN (online)	1095-9513
ISSN	1055-7903
DOI	10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107609
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Article ; Online: Spore ultrastructural features and significance of their diverse ornamental elements in the evolutionary history of the order Trichiales (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa).

García-Cunchillos, Iván / Estébanez, Belén / Lado, Carlos

European journal of protistology

2021 Volume 81, Page(s) 125839

Abstract: Spores are the dispersal and reproductive units in Myxomycetes, and their ornamentation, usually at the light microscopy resolution limit, is taxonomically meaningful. Here, we analyze with scanning and transmission electron microscopy the spore ... ...

Abstract	Spores are the dispersal and reproductive units in Myxomycetes, and their ornamentation, usually at the light microscopy resolution limit, is taxonomically meaningful. Here, we analyze with scanning and transmission electron microscopy the spore ultrastructural features in Trichiales, one of the most morphologically diverse orders. In Trichiales, the spore wall consists of two layers, an outer one, including the ornamentation, and an inner layer subdivided into two sections. The diversity of ornamental elements includes verrucae, bacula, pila, muri, and cristae, the two latter creating reticulate patterns. Each of these elements defines a broadly recognized ornamentation type except cristae, from which we differentiate for the first time the cristate reticulate and patched subtypes. Besides, our results point out a previous incorrect classification of the spores of the species Trichia decipiens and T. scabra. Advances in Trichiales phylogeny showed that the capillitium ornamental elements, such as the spirals, do not reflect phylogenetic relationships among the species. The same seems to apply to some of spore ornamentation types, e.g., baculate. Consequently, we may consider the need to combine multiple characters, like the spore and capillitium ornamentation, so that Trichiales systematics better reflect the still cryptic phylogenetic affinities.
MeSH term(s)	Amoebozoa ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Myxomycetes ; Phylogeny ; Spores, Protozoan
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047872-0
ISSN	1618-0429 ; 0932-4739
ISSN (online)	1618-0429
ISSN	0932-4739
DOI	10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125839
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Article: Diachea mitchellii: A new myxomycete species from high elevation forests in the tropical Andes of Peru

Lado, Carlos / Treviño-Zevallos, Italo / García-Martín, Joaquina María / Wrigley de Basanta, Diana

Mycologia. 2022 July 04, v. 114, no. 4

2022

Abstract: A new species of the genus Diachea (order Physarales, Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) is described from Peru. Relevant details on spore germination, as well as morphological and phylogenetic data, are provided. At first glance, the new species shares some ... ...

Abstract	A new species of the genus Diachea (order Physarales, Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) is described from Peru. Relevant details on spore germination, as well as morphological and phylogenetic data, are provided. At first glance, the new species shares some morphological similarities with both D. leucopodia, type of the genus, and D. koazei, but it strikingly differs from all other species of its genus by combining a short dark stalk, with a reticulate columella, and clustered spores. Moreover, it seems to be the only species of Diachea exclusively associated with Polylepis tropical forests at elevations above 3500 m. Apart from a comprehensive morphological study of 31 specimens, we here provide phylogenetic evidence to confirm the inclusion of this species in the genus Diachea. Specifically, our phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear 18S rDNA (18S), mitochondrial 17S rDNA (17S), and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) genes show that the new species is related to D. leucopodia and D. bulbillosa. The remarkably different morphological characters distinguishing the new Diachea from all other species of its genus, along with its particular ecological preferences and geographic distribution, indicate that it is a distinct entity deserving recognition as an independent species.
Keywords	Amoebozoa ; Physarales ; altitude ; geographical distribution ; mitochondria ; new species ; phylogeny ; spore germination ; Andes region ; Peru
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0704
Size	p. 798-811.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	281335-x
ISSN	1557-2536 ; 0027-5514
ISSN (online)	1557-2536
ISSN	0027-5514
DOI	10.1080/00275514.2022.2072140
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Article ; Online: Phylogeny and evolution of morphological structures in a highly diverse lineage of fruiting-body-forming amoebae, order Trichiales (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa)

García-Cunchillos, Iván / Zamora, Juan Carlos / Ryberg, Martin / Lado, Carlos

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2022 Dec., v. 177 p.107609-

2022

Abstract	Early phylogenetic studies refuted most previous assumptions concerning the evolution of the morphological traits in the fruiting bodies of the order Trichiales and did not detect discernible evolutionary patterns, yet they were based on a limited number of species. We infer a new Trichiales phylogeny based on three independently inherited genetic regions (nuclear and mitochondrial), with a fair taxonomic sampling encompassing its broad diversity. Besides, we study the evolutionary history of some key morphological characters. According to the new phylogeny, most fruiting body traits in Trichiales systematics do not represent exclusive synapomorphies or autapomorphies for most monophyletic groups. Instead, the evolution of the features derived from the peridium, stalk, capillitium, and spores showed intricate patterns, and character state transitions occurred rather within- than between clades. Thus, we should consider other evolutionary scenarios instead of assuming the homology of some characters. According to these results, we propose a new classification of Trichiales, including the creation of a new genus, Gulielmina, the resurrection of the family Dictydiaethaliaceae and the genus Ophiotheca, and the proposal of 13 new combinations for species of the genera Arcyria (1), Hemitrichia (2), Ophiotheca (2), Oligonema (4), Gulielmina (3), and Perichaena (1).
Keywords	Amoebozoa ; Myxogastrea ; mitochondria ; monophyly ; new genus ; synapomorphy ; Ancestral state reconstructions ; Evolution ; Nomenclature ; Phylogenetics ; Systematics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	33610-5
ISSN	1095-9513 ; 1055-7903
ISSN (online)	1095-9513
ISSN	1055-7903
DOI	10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107609
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Article: Range-wide Phylogeography of a Nivicolous Protist Didymium nivicola Meyl. (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa): Striking Contrasts Between the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere

Janik, Paulina / Lado, Carlos / Ronikier, Anna

Protist. 2020 Dec., v. 171, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Soil protists play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems and often show immense taxonomic diversity. However, for many groups, distribution patterns remain largely unknown. We investigated range-wide intraspecific diversity of a specialized airborne ... ...

Abstract	Soil protists play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems and often show immense taxonomic diversity. However, for many groups, distribution patterns remain largely unknown. We investigated range-wide intraspecific diversity of a specialized airborne protist (Didymium nivicola Meyl.) that occupies a narrow ecological niche associated with long-lasting snow cover. We sampled 122 collections covering all areas where the species was recorded worldwide. We obtained 105 and 41 sequences of small ribosomal subunit rDNA (SSU) and elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1A), respectively. While the species is very diverse in the austral Andes, Southern Hemisphere (SH; 17 SSU ribotypes and 12 EF1A genotypes identified), its populations are genetically uniform across three continents of the Northern Hemisphere (NH; single ribotype, single genotype). Our results indicate the austral Andes as a possible diversification centre for D. nivicola where populations seem to reproduce sexually. Two main parts of the range display highly contrasting genetic patterns, thus biogeographical history and dynamics. Current distribution of D. nivicola in the NH is likely a result of a dispersal event from the SH and subsequent long-distance dispersal (LDD) that might be associated with a shift to asexual mode of reproduction.
Keywords	Amoebozoa ; Didymium ; geographical distribution ; niches ; peptide elongation factors ; phylogeography ; protists ; ribotypes ; sexual reproduction ; snowpack ; soil ; species diversity ; Andes region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2036014-9
ISSN	1618-0941 ; 1434-4610
ISSN (online)	1618-0941
ISSN	1434-4610
DOI	10.1016/j.protis.2020.125771
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Article: Diversity patterns, ecological associations and future of research on Costa Rican myxomycetes.

Lado, Carlos / Rojas, Carlos

Mycology

2018 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 250–263

Abstract: The most active research period on myxomycetes in Costa Rica has taken place in the last three decades. During this time, most of the collections have been carried out and most of the scientific articles have been produced. However, the lack of standard ... ...

Abstract	The most active research period on myxomycetes in Costa Rica has taken place in the last three decades. During this time, most of the collections have been carried out and most of the scientific articles have been produced. However, the lack of standard protocols and systematic planning across the country generated a need to conduct an analysis of myxomycete records to define future lines of work. A compilation, cleaning, standardisation and analysis of information associated with a database of more than 7800 records that comprised 242 species of myxomycetes reported in Costa Rica during the last 110 years, was carried out. An interpretation of data with a conservation approach that integrated elements of data-mining and geographical information systems was conducted. Results showed that myxomycetes has been comparatively well studied in Costa Rica in relation to other regional or tropical countries. However, survey effort has been unequal within the territory, leaving some interesting areas or substrates understudied. The absence of long-term goals to study this country and Mesoamerica has limited the potential that the analysed data can have within the context of conservation. This could be the next logical step in the study of this group of microorganisms in that country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553667-9
ISSN	2150-1211 ; 2150-1203
ISSN (online)	2150-1211
ISSN	2150-1203
DOI	10.1080/21501203.2018.1481153
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