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Article ; Online: Oscillatory attention in groove.

Spiech, Connor / Danielsen, Anne / Laeng, Bruno / Endestad, Tor

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

2024 Volume 174, Page(s) 137–148

Abstract: Attention is not constant but rather fluctuates over time and these attentional fluctuations may prioritize the processing of certain events over others. In music listening, the pleasurable urge to move to music (termed 'groove' by music psychologists) ... ...

Abstract	Attention is not constant but rather fluctuates over time and these attentional fluctuations may prioritize the processing of certain events over others. In music listening, the pleasurable urge to move to music (termed 'groove' by music psychologists) offers a particularly convenient case study of oscillatory attention because it engenders synchronous and oscillatory movements which also vary predictably with stimulus complexity. In this study, we simultaneously recorded pupillometry and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) from participants while they listened to drumbeats of varying complexity that they rated in terms of groove afterwards. Using the intertrial phase coherence of the beat frequency, we found that while subjects were listening, their pupil activity became entrained to the beat of the drumbeats and this entrained attention persisted in the EEG even as subjects imagined the drumbeats continuing through subsequent silent periods. This entrainment in both the pupillometry and EEG worsened with increasing rhythmic complexity, indicating poorer sensory precision as the beat became more obscured. Additionally, sustained pupil dilations revealed the expected, inverted U-shaped relationship between rhythmic complexity and groove ratings. Taken together, this work bridges oscillatory attention to rhythmic complexity in relation to musical groove.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Auditory Perception ; Electroencephalography ; Periodicity ; Movement ; Music
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-09
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280622-8
ISSN	1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
ISSN (online)	1973-8102
ISSN	0010-9452
DOI	10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.013
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Article ; Online: The lateralized flash-lag illusion: A psychophysical and pupillometry study.

Suzuki, Yuta / Atmaca, Sumeyya / Laeng, Bruno

Brain and cognition

2023 Volume 166, Page(s) 105956

Abstract: The flash-lag illusion (FLI) is a visual phenomenon where a flashed object, either co-localized or in physical alignment with another continuously moving object, is perceived to lag behind the path of the moving object. In the present study, we reveal an ...

Abstract	The flash-lag illusion (FLI) is a visual phenomenon where a flashed object, either co-localized or in physical alignment with another continuously moving object, is perceived to lag behind the path of the moving object. In the present study, we reveal an anisotropy of the FLI between the lateral visual fields that was expressed psychophysically as different points of subjective equality, depending on the hemifield in which the stimuli appeared. Specifically, the study confirmed that, as seen in two previous studies, the FLI was significantly larger in the left visual field (LVF) than in the right (RVF). In addition, pupil dilations were larger in the RVF than in the LVF as well as returning to baseline levels more rapidly in the LVF. We interpret these findings as converging on revealing more efficient spatial and attentional processing and, in turn, extrapolation of motion in the LVF/right hemisphere than in the RVF/left hemisphere.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Illusions ; Motion Perception ; Attention ; Visual Fields ; Photic Stimulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603163-8
ISSN	1090-2147 ; 0278-2626
ISSN (online)	1090-2147
ISSN	0278-2626
DOI	10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105956
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Article: Caressed by music: Related preferences for velocity of touch and tempo of music?

Sailer, Uta / Zucknick, Manuela / Laeng, Bruno

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1135988

Abstract: Given that both hearing and touch are 'mechanical senses' that respond to physical pressure or mechanical energy and that individuals appear to have a characteristic internal or spontaneous tempo, individual preferences in musical and touch rhythms might ...

Abstract	Given that both hearing and touch are 'mechanical senses' that respond to physical pressure or mechanical energy and that individuals appear to have a characteristic internal or spontaneous tempo, individual preferences in musical and touch rhythms might be related. We explored this in two experiments probing individual preferences for tempo in the tactile and auditory modalities. Study 1 collected ratings of received stroking on the forearm and measured the velocity the participants used for stroking a fur. Music tempo preferences were assessed as mean beats per minute of individually selected music pieces and via the adjustment of experimenter-selected music to a preferred tempo. Heart rate was recorded to measure levels of physiological arousal. We found that the preferred tempo of favorite (self-selected) music correlated positively with the velocity with which each individual liked to be touched. In Study 2, participants rated videos of repeated touch on someone else's arm and videos of a drummer playing with brushes on a snare drum, both at a variety of tempos. We found that participants with similar rating patterns for the different stroking speeds did not show similar rating patterns for the different music beats. The results suggest that there may be a correspondence between preferences for favorite music and felt touch, but this is either weak or it cannot be evoked effectively with vicarious touch and/or mere drum beats. Thus, if preferences for touch and music are related, this is likely to be dependent on the specific type of stimulation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1135988
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Article: Are false positives in suicide classification models a risk group? Evidence for "true alarms" in a population-representative longitudinal study of Norwegian adolescents.

Haghish, E F / Laeng, Bruno / Czajkowski, Nikolai

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1216483

Abstract: Introduction: False positives in retrospective binary suicide attempt classification models are commonly attributed to sheer classification error. However, when machine learning suicide attempt classification models are trained with a multitude of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: False positives in retrospective binary suicide attempt classification models are commonly attributed to sheer classification error. However, when machine learning suicide attempt classification models are trained with a multitude of psycho-socio-environmental factors and achieve high accuracy in suicide risk assessment, false positives may turn out to be at high risk of developing suicidal behavior or attempting suicide in the future. Thus, they may be better viewed as "true alarms," relevant for a suicide prevention program. In this study, using large population-based longitudinal dataset, we examine three hypotheses: (1) false positives, compared to the true negatives, are at higher risk of suicide attempt in future, (2) the suicide attempts risk for the false positives increase as a function of increase in specificity threshold; and (3) as specificity increases, the severity of risk factors between false positives and true positives becomes more similar. Methods: Utilizing the Gradient Boosting algorithm, we used a sample of 11,369 Norwegian adolescents, assessed at two timepoints (1992 and 1994), to classify suicide attempters at the first time point. We then assessed the relative risk of suicide attempt at the second time point for false positives in comparison to true negatives, and in relation to the level of specificity. Results: We found that false positives were at significantly higher risk of attempting suicide compared to true negatives. When selecting a higher classification risk threshold by gradually increasing the specificity cutoff from 60% to 97.5%, the relative suicide attempt risk of the false positive group increased, ranging from minimum of 2.96 to 7.22 times. As the risk threshold increased, the severity of various mental health indicators became significantly more comparable between false positives and true positives. Conclusion: We argue that the performance evaluation of machine learning suicide classification models should take the clinical relevance into account, rather than focusing solely on classification error metrics. As shown here, the so-called false positives represent a truly at-risk group that should be included in suicide prevention programs. Hence, these findings should be taken into consideration when interpreting machine learning suicide classification models as well as planning future suicide prevention interventions for adolescents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216483
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Article ; Online: Suicide attempt risk predicts inconsistent self-reported suicide attempts: A machine learning approach using longitudinal data.

Haghish, E F / Czajkowski, Nikolai / Walby, Fredrik A / Qin, Ping / Laeng, Bruno

Journal of affective disorders

2024 Volume 355, Page(s) 495–504

Abstract: Introduction: Inconsistent self-reports of lifetime suicide attempts (LSAs) are a major obstacle for accurate assessment of suicidal behavior. This study is the first to posit that adolescents at higher risk report LSAs more consistently than those at ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Inconsistent self-reports of lifetime suicide attempts (LSAs) are a major obstacle for accurate assessment of suicidal behavior. This study is the first to posit that adolescents at higher risk report LSAs more consistently than those at lower risk, revealing a link between suicide attempt risk and consistent reporting. Methods: A machine learning model was trained with 70 % of the baseline assessment data of a longitudinal sample of Norwegian adolescents (n = 10,739). The model was used to estimate the LSA risk score for the remaining 30 % of the testing dataset. The relationship between these baseline risk scores and the consistency of reporting LSAs was assessed using a 2-year follow-up reassessment of the testing dataset. Results: Internalizing problems, optimism about the future, conduct problems, substance use, and disordered eating were important factors associated with suicide attempt risk. Of the participants, 63.41 % had inconsistent self-reports at the two-year follow-up. Adolescents who consistently reported LSAs had significantly higher scores of suicide attempt risk at baseline. Two logistic regression analyses confirmed an association between suicide attempt risk and inconsistent self-reported LSAs and showed that sex (being male), and lower levels of depression and conduct problems significantly predicted such inconsistencies. Those who inconsistently reported LSAs were more likely than the others to be classified by the model as false negatives at the baseline risk assessment due to their lower estimated risk scores. Limitations: Suicide attempts were measured with a single item in this study. Conclusion: These risk factors support the theory of adolescent suicidality (TAS) and could improve suicide attempt risk assessment. Inconsistent self-reported LSAs signal lower suicide attempt risk.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Suicide, Attempted ; Self Report ; Longitudinal Studies ; Suicidal Ideation ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.133
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Article ; Online: Recognition of brief sounds in rapid serial auditory presentation.

Akça, Merve / Vuoskoski, Jonna Katariina / Laeng, Bruno / Bishop, Laura

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0284396

Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to test the role of participant factors (i.e., musical sophistication, working memory capacity) and stimulus factors (i.e., sound duration, timbre) on auditory recognition using a rapid serial auditory presentation paradigm. ...

Abstract	Two experiments were conducted to test the role of participant factors (i.e., musical sophistication, working memory capacity) and stimulus factors (i.e., sound duration, timbre) on auditory recognition using a rapid serial auditory presentation paradigm. Participants listened to a rapid stream of very brief sounds ranging from 30 to 150 milliseconds and were tested on their ability to distinguish the presence from the absence of a target sound selected from various sound sources placed amongst the distracters. Experiment 1a established that brief exposure to stimuli (60 to 150 milliseconds) does not necessarily correspond to impaired recognition. In Experiment 1b we found evidence that 30 milliseconds of exposure to the stimuli significantly impairs recognition of single auditory targets, but the recognition for voice and sine tone targets impaired the least, suggesting that the lower limit required for successful recognition could be lower than 30 milliseconds for voice and sine tone targets. Critically, the effect of sound duration on recognition completely disappeared when differences in musical sophistication were controlled for. Participants' working memory capacities did not seem to predict their recognition performances. Our behavioral results extend the studies oriented to understand the processing of brief timbres under temporal constraint by suggesting that the musical sophistication may play a larger role than previously thought. These results can also provide a working hypothesis for future research, namely, that underlying neural mechanisms for the processing of various sound sources may have different temporal constraints.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Music ; Sound ; Auditory Perception ; Recognition, Psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284396
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cool Guys and Warm Husbands : The Effect of Smiling on Male Facial Attractiveness for Short- and Long-Term Relationships.

Okubo, Matia / Ishikawa, Kenta / Kobayashi, Akihiro / Laeng, Bruno / Tommasi, Luca

Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 1474704915600567

Abstract: While smiling enhances women's facial attractiveness, the findings are inconclusive for men. The present study investigated the effect of smiling on male facial attractiveness for short- and long-term prospective partners using East Asian and European ... ...

Abstract	While smiling enhances women's facial attractiveness, the findings are inconclusive for men. The present study investigated the effect of smiling on male facial attractiveness for short- and long-term prospective partners using East Asian and European samples. In Experiment 1 (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2118532-3
ISSN	1474-7049 ; 1474-7049
ISSN (online)	1474-7049
ISSN	1474-7049
DOI	10.1177/1474704915600567
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Eye Pupil Adjusts to Illusorily Expanding Holes.

Laeng, Bruno / Nabil, Shoaib / Kitaoka, Akiyoshi

Frontiers in human neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 877249

Abstract: Some static patterns evoke the perception of an illusory expanding central region or "hole." We asked observers to rate the magnitudes of illusory motion or expansion of black holes, and these predicted the degree of dilation of the pupil, measured with ... ...

Abstract	Some static patterns evoke the perception of an illusory expanding central region or "hole." We asked observers to rate the magnitudes of illusory motion or expansion of black holes, and these predicted the degree of dilation of the pupil, measured with an eye tracker. In contrast, when the "holes" were colored (including white), i.e., emitted light, these patterns constricted the pupils, but the subjective expansions were also weaker compared with the black holes. The change rates of pupil diameters were significantly related to the illusory motion phenomenology only with the black holes. These findings can be accounted for within a perceiving-the-present account of visual illusions, where both the illusory motion and the pupillary adjustments represent compensatory mechanisms to the perception of the next moment, based on shared experiences with the ecological regularities of light.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2425477-0
ISSN	1662-5161
ISSN	1662-5161
DOI	10.3389/fnhum.2022.877249
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Article ; Online: Environmental risks to humans, the first database of valence and arousal ratings for images of natural hazards.

Prete, Giulia / Laeng, Bruno / Tommasi, Luca

Scientific data

2022 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 303

Abstract: Due to their relevance for the entire society, environmental hazards have largely been investigated in terms of their psychological effects. However, a complete image database comprising different categories of catastrophes has not been proposed yet. We ... ...

Abstract	Due to their relevance for the entire society, environmental hazards have largely been investigated in terms of their psychological effects. However, a complete image database comprising different categories of catastrophes has not been proposed yet. We selected 200 photographs of the most frequent natural disasters with the aim to collect the emotional reactions of observers. In particular, 20 stimuli were selected for each of the following 10 categories: earthquake, volcanic activity, lightning, hailstorm, drought, fire, landslide, epidemic, and neutral and positive images as control categories. A sample of 605 participants completed an online survey, in which they were asked to rate either the valence or the arousal of each stimulus, by using a Self-Assessment Manikin. The Environmental Risk to Humans database associates the emotional reactions to these visual stimuli, together with the demographics of the sample (e.g., gender, age, marital status, income, previous experience of natural disasters). The database constitutes a tool to explore human reactions to natural hazards, providing a controlled set of stimuli for different types of catastrophes.
MeSH term(s)	Arousal ; Databases, Factual ; Emotions ; Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Hazardous Substances
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-022-01370-x
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Article: Where Are the Months? Mental Images of Circular Time in a Large Online Sample.

Laeng, Bruno / Hofseth, Anders

Frontiers in psychology

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 2634

Abstract: People may think about time by mentally imaging it in some spatial form, or as "spacetime." In an online survey, 76,922 Norwegian individuals positioned two dots corresponding to the months of December and March on what they imagined to be their ... ...

Abstract	People may think about time by mentally imaging it in some spatial form, or as "spacetime." In an online survey, 76,922 Norwegian individuals positioned two dots corresponding to the months of December and March on what they imagined to be their appropriate places on a circle. The majority of respondents placed December within a section of the circumference ranging from 11:00 to 12:00 o'clock, but a group of respondents chose positions around the diametrically opposite 6:00 o'clock position. A similar relationship occurred for March, where most respondents chose a position ranging from 2:30 to 3:00 o'clock but a group of respondents chose positions around 9:00 o'clock. About half of the respondents (
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02634
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