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  1. Article ; Online: Moving towards a standardized definition of antimicrobial resistance: a comparison of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) versus multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates (CANWARD, 2016-2021).

    Walkty, A / Karlowsky, J A / Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Baxter, M R / Adam, H J / Bay, D C / Zhanel, G G

    Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease

    2023  Volume 108, Issue 2, Page(s) 116130

    Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates demonstrating difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were evaluated by broth microdilution. Susceptibility was lower for all antimicrobials versus DTR relative to MDR isolates. ...

    Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates demonstrating difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were evaluated by broth microdilution. Susceptibility was lower for all antimicrobials versus DTR relative to MDR isolates. Ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, and imipenem-relebactam susceptibility was 35.9%, 64.5%, and 47.0% for DTR isolates and 60.5%, 80.6%, and 71.5% for MDR isolates.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Ceftazidime/pharmacology ; Ceftazidime/therapeutic use ; Cephalosporins/pharmacology ; Cephalosporins/therapeutic use ; Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Azabicyclo Compounds/pharmacology ; Azabicyclo Compounds/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR) ; Cephalosporins ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Azabicyclo Compounds ; Drug Combinations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604920-5
    ISSN 1879-0070 ; 0732-8893
    ISSN (online) 1879-0070
    ISSN 0732-8893
    DOI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116130
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Presence of the narrow-spectrum OXA-1 β-lactamase enzyme is associated with elevated piperacillin/tazobactam MIC values among ESBL-producing

    Walkty, A / Karlowsky, J A / Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Golden, A R / Baxter, M R / Denisuik, A J / McCracken, M / Mulvey, M R / Adam, H J / Zhanel, G G

    JAC-antimicrobial resistance

    2022  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) dlac027

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-1823
    ISSN (online) 2632-1823
    DOI 10.1093/jacamr/dlac027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to alternative antimicrobials with therapeutic potential.

    Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Adam, H J / Laing, N M / Baxter, M R / Martin, I / Mulvey, M R / Karlowsky, J A / Hoban, D J / Zhanel, G G

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    2017  Volume 72, Issue 8, Page(s) 2273–2277

    Abstract: Background: The prevalence of MDR Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing globally and represents a public health emergency. Development and approval of new anti-gonococcal agents may take years. As a concurrent approach to developing new antimicrobials, ... ...

    Abstract Background: The prevalence of MDR Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing globally and represents a public health emergency. Development and approval of new anti-gonococcal agents may take years. As a concurrent approach to developing new antimicrobials, the laboratory and clinical evaluation of currently licensed antimicrobials not widely used for the treatment of gonorrhoea may provide new options for the treatment of gonococcal infections.
    Objectives: To determine the in vitro activity of nine alternative, currently licensed and late-development antimicrobials with the potential to treat gonococcal infections against 112 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae resistant to one or multiple antimicrobials.
    Methods: The MICs of conventional anti-gonococcal antimicrobials (penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and spectinomycin) and alternative antimicrobials (ertapenem, gentamicin, netilmicin, tigecycline, eravacycline, fosfomycin, linezolid, ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftaroline) were determined by agar dilution.
    Results: Ertapenem and the novel cephalosporins demonstrated similar MIC values to the third-generation cephalosporins, but increased MICs were observed for isolates with increased cefixime and ceftriaxone MICs. Tigecycline and eravacycline had MIC values below expected serum concentrations for all isolates tested. The aminoglycosides gentamicin and netilmicin were generally more potent than spectinomycin, with netilmicin demonstrating the greatest potency. Fosfomycin MICs were elevated compared with other agents, but remained within the MIC range for susceptible organisms, while linezolid MICs were generally higher than those for organisms considered resistant.
    Conclusions: Among potentially therapeutically useful alternative agents, the aminoglycosides, eravacycline, tigecycline and fosfomycin had good in vitro activity. The novel cephalosporins and ertapenem had comparable activity to cefixime and ceftriaxone.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Gonorrhea/microbiology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017--01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/dkx147
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluation of an algorithmic approach in comparison with the Illumigene assay for laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection.

    Walkty, A / Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Manickam, K / Adam, H / Pieroni, P / Hoban, D / Karlowsky, J A / Alfa, M

    Journal of clinical microbiology

    2013  Volume 51, Issue 4, Page(s) 1152–1157

    Abstract: The following three diagnostic algorithms were evaluated in comparison with the Illumigene assay as a stand-alone test for Clostridium difficile detection: glutamate dehydrogenase antigen screen (GDH) followed by toxin A/B antigen testing (Tox A/B) with ... ...

    Abstract The following three diagnostic algorithms were evaluated in comparison with the Illumigene assay as a stand-alone test for Clostridium difficile detection: glutamate dehydrogenase antigen screen (GDH) followed by toxin A/B antigen testing (Tox A/B) with the cell cytotoxicity assay for discordant specimens (algorithm 1), GDH followed by the Illumigene (algorithm 2), and GDH followed by Tox A/B with the Illumigene for discordant specimens (algorithm 3). A total of 428 stool specimens submitted to three clinical microbiology laboratories in Manitoba, Canada, for C. difficile detection between June 2011 and April 2012 were included in the study. The prevalence of C. difficile in the stool specimens was 14.7% (63/428) based on toxigenic culture (microbiologic reference standard). The sensitivity and specificity of the Illumigene for C. difficile detection were 73.0% and 99.7%, respectively. The corresponding sensitivities and specificities were 65.1% and 100.0% for algorithm 1, 68.3% and 100.0% for algorithm 2, and 69.8% and 100.0% for algorithm 3. Using algorithm 1, a cell cytotoxicity assay was required for toxin detection in 37% of positive tests, prolonging turnaround time. However, the predictive value of a positive test based on a clinical reference standard (all tests positive or cytotoxigenic culture positive and clinical disease on chart review) was slightly higher with algorithm 1 than with the Illumigene assay as a stand-alone test or as part of an algorithm (algorithms 2 and 3). Based on a reduction in turnaround time, simplicity, and acceptable sensitivity and specificity, we recommend algorithm 2 (screening with the GDH antigen test and confirmatory testing with the Illumigene).
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Bacterial Toxins/analysis ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification ; Clostridium Infections/diagnosis ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Manitoba ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Toxins ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390499-4
    ISSN 1098-660X ; 0095-1137
    ISSN (online) 1098-660X
    ISSN 0095-1137
    DOI 10.1128/JCM.03203-12
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of rejection criteria for endotracheal tube (ETT) specimens from adult patients.

    Walkty, A / Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Manickam, K / Adam, H / Pieroni, P / Alfa, M / Karlowsky, J A

    Journal of medical microbiology

    2012  Volume 61, Issue Pt 9, Page(s) 1306–1310

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine optimal criteria for microbiology laboratory screening of endotracheal tube (ETT) specimens submitted for bacterial culture from adult patients. ETT specimens from adult patients that were received by two ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine optimal criteria for microbiology laboratory screening of endotracheal tube (ETT) specimens submitted for bacterial culture from adult patients. ETT specimens from adult patients that were received by two microbiology laboratories were prospectively evaluated and subdivided into one of three study arms with the following criteria: <10 squamous epithelial cells (SECs) per low-power field with bacteria seen on Gram staining (arm 1), >10 SECs per low-power field with bacteria seen on Gram staining (arm 2) and <10 SECs per low-power field with no bacteria seen on Gram staining (arm 3). A fourth study arm (>10 SECs per low-power field with no bacteria seen on Gram staining) was planned but this arm was terminated due to the paucity of specimens meeting these criteria. Isolate evaluation was performed using standard microbiology protocols. A limited chart review was undertaken at one of the institutions, only reviewing patients from which a potential pathogen was recovered on culture. In total, 141 ETT specimens were evaluated. A potential respiratory pathogen was recovered from 54, 37 and 10 % of specimens in study arms 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P<0.0001, comparing between arm 1 and arm 3). For the 23 patients included in the chart review from whom a potential pathogen was recovered on culture, respiratory infection was considered to be present in 50 % (6/12) of patients in arm 1, 66.6 % (6/9) of patients in arm 2 and 100 % (2/2) of patients in arm 3. Therapy was rarely altered based on culture results. In this study, the ETT specimens submitted for bacterial culture were of limited benefit to clinicians. The data presented here support the use of an absence of bacteria on Gram staining as a rejection criterion for ETT specimens. The criterion of >10 SECs per low-power field should be further evaluated in a prospective study of patients with an unequivocal clinical diagnosis of pneumonia.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Bacteriological Techniques/standards ; Epithelial Cells ; Gentian Violet/standards ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Middle Aged ; Phenazines/standards ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Suction ; Trachea ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Gram's stain ; Phenazines ; Gentian Violet (J4Z741D6O5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218356-0
    ISSN 1473-5644 ; 0022-2615
    ISSN (online) 1473-5644
    ISSN 0022-2615
    DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.042333-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates at a single institution over a period of 10 years.

    Walkty, A / Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Karlowsky, J A / Hoban, D J / Manickam, K / Adam, H / Pieroni, P / Alfa, M

    Canadian journal of microbiology

    2012  Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 345–349

    Abstract: Urinary tract infections are common. Few published studies have demonstrated the change in Escherichia coli urinary isolate antimicrobial susceptibility over time within a given area and (or) population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ... ...

    Abstract Urinary tract infections are common. Few published studies have demonstrated the change in Escherichia coli urinary isolate antimicrobial susceptibility over time within a given area and (or) population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates obtained from urine specimens at a single institution over a period of 10 years. The microbiology laboratory information system at St. Boniface Hospital (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) was searched retrospectively from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009, for all E. coli isolates from either a midstream or catheter urine source that had susceptibility testing performed. Only one isolate per patient was included during the entire study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out with either a Microscan instrument (pre-April 2004) or a Vitek instrument (May 2004 onwards). In total, 7353 E. coli urinary isolates were included for evaluation. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility declined significantly, from 99% in 2000 to 85% in 2009 (p < 0.0001). A small but statistically significant decline in susceptibility was also observed for ampicillin, cefazolin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin. These data suggest that certain antimicrobials recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infections (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) may no longer be optimal.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; Manitoba ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology ; Urine/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280534-0
    ISSN 1480-3275 ; 0008-4166
    ISSN (online) 1480-3275
    ISSN 0008-4166
    DOI 10.1139/w2012-001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: In vitro activity of ceftazidime combined with NXL104 versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from patients in Canadian hospitals (CANWARD 2009 study).

    Walkty, A / DeCorby, M / Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Karlowsky, J A / Hoban, D J / Zhanel, G G

    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

    2011  Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 2992–2994

    Abstract: The in vitro activity of ceftazidime in combination with NXL104 versus 470 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates was evaluated using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution methods. Ceftazidime had MIC₉₀s of 8 μg/ml and ... ...

    Abstract The in vitro activity of ceftazidime in combination with NXL104 versus 470 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates was evaluated using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution methods. Ceftazidime had MIC₉₀s of 8 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml in the presence and absence of NXL104, respectively. Of 25 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, the percentages with a ceftazidime MIC of ≤8 μg/ml with and without NXL104 were 60% and 4%, respectively. These data suggest that the ceftazidime-NXL104 combination may prove useful for treating many P. aeruginosa infections.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Azabicyclo Compounds/pharmacology ; Ceftazidime/pharmacology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Azabicyclo Compounds ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors ; avibactam (7352665165) ; Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 217602-6
    ISSN 1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
    ISSN (online) 1098-6596
    ISSN 0066-4804
    DOI 10.1128/AAC.01696-10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Activity of NXL104 in combination with beta-lactams against genetically characterized Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and class C beta-lactamases.

    Lagacé-Wiens, P R S / Tailor, F / Simner, P / DeCorby, M / Karlowsky, J A / Walkty, A / Hoban, D J / Zhanel, G G

    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

    2011  Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 2434–2437

    Abstract: The novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor NXL104, in combination with cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, amdinocillin, and meropenem, was tested against 190 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ... ...

    Abstract The novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor NXL104, in combination with cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, amdinocillin, and meropenem, was tested against 190 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 94 AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli isolates, and 8 AmpC/ESBL-coexpressing E. coli isolates. NXL104 restored 100% susceptibility to the partner cephalosporins for all isolates tested. Amdinocillin and meropenem MICs were modestly improved (2 to 32 times lower) by NXL104. These results suggest that NXL104 may be useful in combination with β-lactams for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
    MeSH term(s) Azabicyclo Compounds/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism ; beta-Lactams/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Azabicyclo Compounds ; beta-Lactams ; avibactam (7352665165) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 217602-6
    ISSN 1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
    ISSN (online) 1098-6596
    ISSN 0066-4804
    DOI 10.1128/AAC.01722-10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates at a single institution over a period of 10 years

    Walkty, A. / Lagacé-Wiens, P.R.S. / Karlowsky, J.A. / Hoban, D.J. / Manickam, K. / Adam, H. / Pieroni, P. / Alfa, M.

    Canadian journal of microbiology

    Volume v. 58,, Issue no. 3

    Abstract: Urinary tract infections are common. Few published studies have demonstrated the change in Escherichia coli urinary isolate antimicrobial susceptibility over time within a given area and (or) population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ... ...

    Abstract Urinary tract infections are common. Few published studies have demonstrated the change in Escherichia coli urinary isolate antimicrobial susceptibility over time within a given area and (or) population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in susceptibility of E. coli clinical isolates obtained from urine specimens at a single institution over a period of 10 years. The microbiology laboratory information system at St. Boniface Hospital (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) was searched retrospectively from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009, for all E. coli isolates from either a midstream or catheter urine source that had susceptibility testing performed. Only one isolate per patient was included during the entire study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out with either a Microscan instrument (pre-April 2004) or a Vitek instrument (May 2004 onwards). In total, 7353 E. coli urinary isolates were included for evaluation. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility declined significantly, from 99% in 2000 to 85% in 2009 (p < 0.0001). A small but statistically significant decline in susceptibility was also observed for ampicillin, cefazolin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin. These data suggest that certain antimicrobials recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infections (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole) may no longer be optimal.
    Keywords gentamicin ; ampicillin ; patients ; urinary tract diseases ; cefazolin ; Escherichia coli ; information systems ; urinary tract ; nitrofurantoin ; urine ; ciprofloxacin ; microbiology ; hospitals
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1480-3275
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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