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  1. Article ; Online: Type 2 diabetes and cognitive performance in middle age: a cross-sectional study.

    Sola, Teppo / Pimiä, Elina / Lahti, Elina / Lahtela, Jorma / Jehkonen, Mervi

    Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology

    2023  Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 423–432

    Abstract: Introduction: Type 2 diabetes has been associated with cognitive decrements already in middle-age. However, the sample sizes of the studies have been small and the neuropsychological tests used have been heterogeneous. In addition, only a few studies ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Type 2 diabetes has been associated with cognitive decrements already in middle-age. However, the sample sizes of the studies have been small and the neuropsychological tests used have been heterogeneous. In addition, only a few studies have matched the groups in terms of age, education and gender. In this cross-sectional matched pairs study, we investigated the cognitive performance of Finnish middle-aged type 2 diabetes patients compared to healthy individuals.
    Method: A neuropsychological test battery consisting of 16 tests and 21 outcome measures was applied to 28 patients and 28 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Various exclusion criteria were applied to minimize the risk of cognitive dysfunction due to factors other than diabetes.
    Results: We did not find between-group differences in any of the neuropsychological tests measuring attention, concept formation and reasoning, construction and motor performance, executive functions, memory, processing speed or working memory. In addition, there were no group differences in the frequency or severity of subjective cognitive symptoms, or in anxiety, depression, burnout, fatigue or alcohol use disorder symptoms. The effect sizes in this study were mostly negligible or small, with the mean effect size being -0.12.
    Conclusions: In a carefully matched sample of middle-aged type 2 diabetes patients and healthy individuals, we found no significant effects and no meaningful evidence of cognitive differences between the groups.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Educational Status ; Alcoholism ; Cognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605982-x
    ISSN 1744-411X ; 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
    ISSN (online) 1744-411X
    ISSN 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
    DOI 10.1080/13803395.2023.2246668
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The temporal pattern and relationship of Campylobacter prevalence in broiler slaughter batches and human campylobacteriosis cases in Sweden 2009-2019.

    Lindqvist, Roland / Cha, Wonhee / Dryselius, Rikard / Lahti, Elina

    International journal of food microbiology

    2022  Volume 378, Page(s) 109823

    Abstract: Thermophilic Campylobacter species are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and handling and consumption of broiler meat is considered a major foodborne transmission route. Both the incidence of campylobacteriosis and the ... ...

    Abstract Thermophilic Campylobacter species are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and handling and consumption of broiler meat is considered a major foodborne transmission route. Both the incidence of campylobacteriosis and the prevalence of Campylobacter in broilers show seasonality but the impact of this association and broiler prevalence on human incidence is not clear. To explore this relationship we applied two approaches for analyzing time series data using different time resolutions (weekly, bi-weekly or monthly data) of human campylobacteriosis cases and prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler slaughter batches in Sweden between 2009 and 2019. The decomposition of time series into seasonal (S), long-term trend (T) and residual components (STL model) showed a close overlap in seasonal patterns in terms of timing and the proportional change of peaks from normalized yearly levels. Starting 2016, when a large outbreak was reported, there was significant overlap in the trend components as well. The trend component of human cases prior to the outbreak corresponded to a linear increase of 6.5 % cases annually. In comparison, the estimated annual increase in broiler consumption was 2.7 %. An additive approach for time-series counts incorporating seasonal and epidemic (cases are a function of previous cases) components found a positive association between human cases and broiler prevalence with an optimal lag of 2 weeks, 1 bi-week, or 0 months. Considering the estimated time between slaughter and consumption, incubation time, and the time between on-set of disease and testing, a 2-week lag may be consistent with transmission via handling and consumption of fresh broiler meat. The best model included broiler prevalence as a factor in the epidemic model component, not in the seasonal component. The outcomes in terms of best model, optimal lags and significance of parameters, using weekly, bi-weekly or monthly data were, in general, in agreement but varied with data resolution when only a subset of the time series, not including any known broiler associated outbreaks, was analyzed. The optimal resolution based on the available data and conditions of the present analysis appeared to be weekly or bi-weekly data. Results suggest that broiler prevalence with a 2 week lag period can explain part of the human cases but has a smaller explanatory impact during the part of the study period not including the large known outbreaks. There is no simple relationship between broiler prevalence and human cases. Additional factors than broiler prevalence need to be evaluated in order to understand the transmission routes and epidemiology of campylobacteriosis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Campylobacter ; Campylobacter Infections/epidemiology ; Campylobacter Infections/microbiology ; Campylobacter Infections/veterinary ; Chickens/microbiology ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Poultry Diseases/microbiology ; Prevalence ; Sweden/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 87122-9
    ISSN 1879-3460 ; 0168-1605
    ISSN (online) 1879-3460
    ISSN 0168-1605
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109823
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: The temporal pattern and relationship of Campylobacter prevalence in broiler slaughter batches and human campylobacteriosis cases in Sweden 2009–2019

    Lindqvist, Roland / Cha, Wonhee / Dryselius, Rikard / Lahti, Elina

    International journal of food microbiology. 2022 Oct. 02, v. 378

    2022  

    Abstract: Thermophilic Campylobacter species are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and handling and consumption of broiler meat is considered a major foodborne transmission route. Both the incidence of campylobacteriosis and the ... ...

    Abstract Thermophilic Campylobacter species are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and handling and consumption of broiler meat is considered a major foodborne transmission route. Both the incidence of campylobacteriosis and the prevalence of Campylobacter in broilers show seasonality but the impact of this association and broiler prevalence on human incidence is not clear. To explore this relationship we applied two approaches for analyzing time series data using different time resolutions (weekly, bi-weekly or monthly data) of human campylobacteriosis cases and prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler slaughter batches in Sweden between 2009 and 2019. The decomposition of time series into seasonal (S), long-term trend (T) and residual components (STL model) showed a close overlap in seasonal patterns in terms of timing and the proportional change of peaks from normalized yearly levels. Starting 2016, when a large outbreak was reported, there was significant overlap in the trend components as well. The trend component of human cases prior to the outbreak corresponded to a linear increase of 6.5 % cases annually. In comparison, the estimated annual increase in broiler consumption was 2.7 %. An additive approach for time-series counts incorporating seasonal and epidemic (cases are a function of previous cases) components found a positive association between human cases and broiler prevalence with an optimal lag of 2 weeks, 1 bi-week, or 0 months. Considering the estimated time between slaughter and consumption, incubation time, and the time between on-set of disease and testing, a 2-week lag may be consistent with transmission via handling and consumption of fresh broiler meat. The best model included broiler prevalence as a factor in the epidemic model component, not in the seasonal component. The outcomes in terms of best model, optimal lags and significance of parameters, using weekly, bi-weekly or monthly data were, in general, in agreement but varied with data resolution when only a subset of the time series, not including any known broiler associated outbreaks, was analyzed. The optimal resolution based on the available data and conditions of the present analysis appeared to be weekly or bi-weekly data. Results suggest that broiler prevalence with a 2 week lag period can explain part of the human cases but has a smaller explanatory impact during the part of the study period not including the large known outbreaks. There is no simple relationship between broiler prevalence and human cases. Additional factors than broiler prevalence need to be evaluated in order to understand the transmission routes and epidemiology of campylobacteriosis.
    Keywords Campylobacter ; campylobacteriosis ; chicken meat ; epidemiology ; food microbiology ; gastroenteritis ; humans ; models ; slaughter ; time series analysis ; Sweden
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1002
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 87122-9
    ISSN 1879-3460 ; 0168-1605
    ISSN (online) 1879-3460
    ISSN 0168-1605
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109823
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Biomarkers of viral and bacterial infection in rhinovirus pneumonia.

    Hartiala, Maria / Lahti, Elina / Toivonen, Laura / Waris, Matti / Ruuskanen, Olli / Peltola, Ville

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1137777

    Abstract: Background: Rhinovirus (RV) is often detected in children hospitalized with pneumonia, but the role of RV in causing pneumonia is still unclear.: Methods: White blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and myxovirus resistance protein A ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Rhinovirus (RV) is often detected in children hospitalized with pneumonia, but the role of RV in causing pneumonia is still unclear.
    Methods: White blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) levels were determined from blood samples in children (
    Results: RV was detected in 6 children and other viruses in 10 children with pneumonia (viral co-detections excluded). All RV-positive children with pneumonia had high white blood cell counts, plasma C-reactive protein or procalcitonin levels, or alveolar changes in chest radiograph strongly indicating bacterial infection. The median cycle threshold value for RV was low (23.2) indicating a high RV load, and a rapid clearance of RV was observed in all. Blood level of viral biomarker MxA was lower among RV-positive children with pneumonia (median 100 μg/L) than among other virus-positive children with pneumonia (median 495 μg/L,
    Conclusions: Our observations suggest a true viral-bacterial coinfection in RV-positive pneumonia. Low MxA levels in RV-associated pneumonia need further studies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2023.1137777
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Leptospira

    Strand, Tanja M / Olsson Engvall, Eva / Lahti, Elina / Hjertqvist, Marika / Lundkvist, Åke

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 8

    Abstract: We compiled data on notified cases of leptospirosis in animals and humans in Sweden. Published studies on leptospirosis in humans and animals from the beginning of the 20th century onwards are summarized. During the Second World War, hundreds of ... ...

    Abstract We compiled data on notified cases of leptospirosis in animals and humans in Sweden. Published studies on leptospirosis in humans and animals from the beginning of the 20th century onwards are summarized. During the Second World War, hundreds of leptospirosis cases in humans were reported in Sweden, but since then, there have been only a few severe cases. Surveillance of leptospirosis in domestic animals demonstrates that the pathogen is still occurring. The occurrence of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11081991
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Dairy milk from cow and goat as a sentinel for tick-borne encephalitis virus surveillance.

    Omazic, Anna / Wallenhammar, Amélie / Lahti, Elina / Asghar, Naveed / Hanberger, Alexander / Hjertqvist, Marika / Johansson, Magnus / Albihn, Ann

    Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 95, Page(s) 101958

    Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most severe human tick-borne diseases in Europe. It is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is transmitted to humans mainly via bites of Ixodes ricinus or I. persulcatus ticks. The ... ...

    Abstract Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most severe human tick-borne diseases in Europe. It is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is transmitted to humans mainly via bites of Ixodes ricinus or I. persulcatus ticks. The geographical distribution and abundance of I. ricinus is expanding in Sweden as has the number of reported human TBE cases. In addition to tick bites, alimentary TBEV infection has also been reported after consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. So far, no alimentary TBEV infection has been reported in Sweden, but knowledge about its prevalence in Swedish ruminants is scarce. In the present study, a total of 122 bulk tank milk samples and 304 individual milk samples (including 8 colostrum samples) were collected from dairy farms (n = 102) in Sweden. All samples were analysed for the presence of TBEV antibodies by ELISA test and immunoblotting. Participating farmers received a questionnaire about milk production, pasteurization, tick prophylaxis used on animals, tick-borne diseases, and TBE vaccination status. We detected specific anti-TBEV antibodies, i.e., either positive (>126 Vienna Units per ml, VIEU/ml) or borderline (63-126 VIEU/ml) in bulk tank milk from 20 of the 102 farms. Individual milk samples (including colostrum samples) from these 20 farms were therefore collected for further analysis. Our results revealed important information for detection of emerging TBE risk areas. Factors such as consumption of unpasteurized milk, limited use of tick prophylaxis on animals and a moderate coverage of human TBE vaccination, may be risk factors for alimentary TBEV infection in Sweden.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Animals ; Humans ; Cattle ; Milk ; Goats ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne ; Europe ; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/epidemiology ; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/veterinary ; Ixodes ; Cattle Diseases ; Goat Diseases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 436522-7
    ISSN 1878-1667 ; 0147-9571
    ISSN (online) 1878-1667
    ISSN 0147-9571
    DOI 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101958
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Salmonella spp. in poultry production-A review of the role of interventions along the production continuum.

    Logue, Catherine M / De Cesare, Alessandra / Tast-Lahti, Elina / Chemaly, Marianne / Payen, Cyrielle / LeJeune, Jeff / Zhou, Kang

    Advances in food and nutrition research

    2023  Volume 108, Page(s) 289–341

    Abstract: Salmonella is a significant pathogen of human and animal health and poultry are one of the most common sources linked with foodborne illness worldwide. Global production of poultry meat and products has increased significantly over the last decade or ... ...

    Abstract Salmonella is a significant pathogen of human and animal health and poultry are one of the most common sources linked with foodborne illness worldwide. Global production of poultry meat and products has increased significantly over the last decade or more as a result of consumer demand and the changing demographics of the world's population, where poultry meat forms a greater part of the diet. In addition, the relatively fast growth rate of birds which is significantly higher than other meat species also plays a role in how poultry production has intensified. In an effort to meet the greater demand for poultry meat and products, modern poultry production and processing practices have changed and practices to target control and reduction of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella have been implemented. These strategies are implemented along the continuum from parent and grandparent flocks to breeders, the farm and finished broilers to transport and processing and finally from retail to the consumer. This review focuses on common practices, interventions and strategies that have potential impact for the control of Salmonella along the poultry production continuum from farm to plate.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Poultry ; Chickens ; Meat ; Salmonella ; Foodborne Diseases ; Food Microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1011108-6
    ISSN 1043-4526
    ISSN 1043-4526
    DOI 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.11.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book: Surveillance and control programs

    Lahti, Elina

    domestic and wild animals in Sweden 2007

    (SVA's rapportserie ; 4)

    2007  

    Institution Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt
    Author's details [authors: Elina Lahti ...]
    Series title SVA's rapportserie ; 4
    Language English
    Size 66 S, Ill., graph. Darst
    Publisher National Veterinary Institute (SVA)
    Publishing place Uppsala
    Document type Book
    Database Friedrich Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health

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  9. Article ; Online: Parental socioeconomic and psychological determinants of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccine uptake in children.

    Salo-Tuominen, Krista / Teros-Jaakkola, Tamara / Toivonen, Laura / Ollila, Helena / Rautava, Päivi / Aromaa, Minna / Lahti, Elina / Junttila, Niina / Peltola, Ville

    Vaccine

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 26, Page(s) 3684–3689

    Abstract: Background: Before COVID-19, the previous pandemic was caused by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2009. Identification of factors behind parental decisions to have their child vaccinated against pandemic influenza could be helpful in planning of other ... ...

    Abstract Background: Before COVID-19, the previous pandemic was caused by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2009. Identification of factors behind parental decisions to have their child vaccinated against pandemic influenza could be helpful in planning of other pandemic vaccination programmes. We investigated the association of parental socioeconomic and psychosocial factors with uptake of the pandemic influenza vaccine in children in 2009-2010.
    Methods: This study was conducted within a prospective birth-cohort study (STEPS Study), where children born in 2008-2010 are followed from pregnancy to adulthood. Demographic and socioeconomic factors of parents were collected through questionnaires and vaccination data from electronic registers. Before and after the birth of the child, the mother's and father's individual and relational psychosocial well-being, i.e. depressive symptoms, dissatisfaction with the relationship, experienced social and emotional loneliness, and maternal anxiety during pregnancy, were measured by validated questionnaires (BDI-II, RDAS, PRAQ, and UCLA).
    Results: Of 1020 children aged 6-20 months at the beginning of pandemic influenza vaccinations, 820 (80%) received and 200 (20%) did not receive the vaccine against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. All measures of parents' psychosocial well-being were similar between vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. Children of younger mothers had a higher risk of not receiving the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine than children of older mothers (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.52-4.43, for mothers < 27.7 years compared to ≥ 33.6 years of age). Children of mothers with lower educational level had an increased risk of not receiving the vaccine (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.00-2.14).
    Conclusions: Mother's younger age and lower education level were associated with an increased risk for the child not to receive the 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine, but individual or relational psychosocial well-being of parents was not associated with children's vaccination. Our findings suggest that young and poorly educated mothers should receive targeted support in order to promote children's vaccinations during a pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/etiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Parents/psychology ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Influenza Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Detection of Campylobacter species in different types of samples from dairy farms

    Hansson, Ingrid / Olsson Engvall, Eva / Ferrari, Sevinc / Harbom, Boel / Lahti, Elina

    Veterinary record. 2020 June, v. 186, no. 18

    2020  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Livestock, domestic pets and wildlife can be intestinal carriers of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. These reservoirs can in turn contaminate the environment and food products, thus creating pathways to campylobacteriosis in human beings. ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Livestock, domestic pets and wildlife can be intestinal carriers of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. These reservoirs can in turn contaminate the environment and food products, thus creating pathways to campylobacteriosis in human beings. The purposes of this study were to investigate sampling strategies applied for surveillance of Campylobacter on dairy cattle farms and to identify the presence and species of Campylobacter in different age groups. METHODS: Boot sock and faecal samples were collected from five dairy herds from three age groups—cows, heifers and calves younger than 12 months—and from milk filters. RESULTS: Campylobacter species were isolated in 152 of 250 samples, of which 93 isolates were identified as C jejuni, 51 as C hyointestinalis, two as C lari and one as C coli, whereas five isolates could not be identified to species level. Campylobacter species were isolated from 86 of 110 faecal samples, 60 of 97 sock samples and six of 43 milk filter samples. CONCLUSION: Faecal samples were the optimal sample type for detection of Campylobacter on dairy farms. However, taking multiple types of samples could be recommended in order to optimise the recovery rate and variety of Campylobacter species detected when investigating the presence of Campylobacter on dairy farms.
    Keywords campylobacteriosis ; dairy cattle ; heat tolerance ; humans ; intestines ; milk ; monitoring ; wildlife
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-06
    Size p. 605.
    Publishing place BMJ Publishing Group Limited
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1136/vr.105610
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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